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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-307

Allowed

Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.

1006 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6J4R-889X-2CQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-02 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-06 09:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Akinsoft ProKuafor allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects ProKuafor: from s1.02.08 before v1.02.08.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2413"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-02T14:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Akinsoft ProKuafor allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects ProKuafor: from s1.02.08 before v1.02.08.",
  "id": "GHSA-6j4r-889x-2cqf",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T09:31:13Z",
  "published": "2025-09-02T15:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2413"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0204"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6J5C-GC78-PQGR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-20 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

A lack of rate limiting in the One-Time Password (OTP) verification endpoint of SigningHub v8.6.8 allows attackers to bypass verification via a bruteforce attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-56224"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-305",
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-20T13:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A lack of rate limiting in the One-Time Password (OTP) verification endpoint of SigningHub v8.6.8 allows attackers to bypass verification via a bruteforce attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-6j5c-gc78-pqgr",
  "modified": "2025-10-20T18:30:32Z",
  "published": "2025-10-20T15:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-56224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/saykino/CVE-2025-56224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://ascertia.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://signinghub.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6JC4-3X8F-XP5R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 21:31
VLAI
Details

Medtronic CareLink Network allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform a brute force attack on an API endpoint that could be used to determine a valid password under certain circumstances. This issue affects CareLink Network: before December 4, 2025.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12995"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T20:16:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Medtronic CareLink Network allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to perform a brute force attack on an API endpoint that could be used to determine a valid password under certain circumstances. This issue affects CareLink Network: before December 4, 2025.",
  "id": "GHSA-6jc4-3x8f-xp5r",
  "modified": "2025-12-04T21:31:05Z",
  "published": "2025-12-04T21:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12995"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.medtronic.com/en-us/e/product-security/security-bulletins/carelink-network-vulnerabilities.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6M89-WC57-W677

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-11 15:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in MISP's email-based one-time password (OTP) authentication flow allowed an attacker to perform an unrestricted number of OTP verification attempts.

The email_otp() endpoint did not apply brute-force protection when validating submitted OTP values. An attacker who had reached the OTP verification stage, for example after successfully providing a user's primary authentication credentials, could repeatedly submit candidate OTP values while the same OTP remained valid. This significantly increased the feasibility of guessing the OTP and bypassing the additional authentication factor, potentially resulting in unauthorized access to the affected user's account.

The issue was exacerbated by the fact that the OTP is associated with the user rather than with an individual pending login session, allowing multiple concurrent sessions to attempt guesses against the same valid OTP.

The patch integrates the existing MISP brute-force protection mechanism into the email OTP flow. Failed OTP attempts are now counted against the user, further attempts are rejected once the configured threshold is reached, and the active OTP is invalidated when the attempt budget is exhausted. Blocklisted users are also prevented from requesting the generation of a fresh OTP. In addition, OTP comparison now uses hash_equals() and validates that the submitted value is a string.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-03T16:18:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in MISP\u0027s email-based one-time password (OTP) authentication flow allowed an attacker to perform an unrestricted number of OTP verification attempts.\n\n\nThe email_otp() endpoint did not apply brute-force protection when validating submitted OTP values. An attacker who had reached the OTP verification stage, for example after successfully providing a user\u0027s primary authentication credentials, could repeatedly submit candidate OTP values while the same OTP remained valid. This significantly increased the feasibility of guessing the OTP and bypassing the additional authentication factor, potentially resulting in unauthorized access to the affected user\u0027s account.\n\n\nThe issue was exacerbated by the fact that the OTP is associated with the user rather than with an individual pending login session, allowing multiple concurrent sessions to attempt guesses against the same valid OTP.\n\n\nThe patch integrates the existing MISP brute-force protection mechanism into the email OTP flow. Failed OTP attempts are now counted against the user, further attempts are rejected once the configured threshold is reached, and the active OTP is invalidated when the attempt budget is exhausted. Blocklisted users are also prevented from requesting the generation of a fresh OTP. In addition, OTP comparison now uses hash_equals() and validates that the submitted value is a string.",
  "id": "GHSA-6m89-wc57-w677",
  "modified": "2026-09-11T15:32:26Z",
  "published": "2026-09-03T18:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8658062ea"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6MG4-M676-RM67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 03:36 – Updated: 2024-11-26 03:36
VLAI
Details

Dell Wyse Management Suite, versions WMS 4.4 and prior, contain an Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49597"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T03:15:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dell Wyse Management Suite, versions WMS 4.4 and prior, contain an Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass.",
  "id": "GHSA-6mg4-m676-rm67",
  "modified": "2024-11-26T03:36:39Z",
  "published": "2024-11-26T03:36:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49597"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000244453/dsa-2024-440"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6P7H-4J4X-9M57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28
VLAI
Details

Improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager, XEVO, SANOS allows remote attackers to discover users’ credentials and obtain access via a brute force attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32522"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-07T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager, XEVO, SANOS allows remote attackers to discover users\u2019 credentials and obtain access via a brute force attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p7h-4j4x-9m57",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32522"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4878-0a279-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6P8R-6M93-557F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 03:09 – Updated: 2026-05-06 23:22
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Fake DeviceToken Bypasses Shared Auth Rate Limiting
Details

Summary

Fake DeviceToken Bypasses Shared Auth Rate Limiting

Current Maintainer Triage

  • Status: narrow
  • Normalized severity: low
  • Assessment: Real in shipped mixed WS auth flow, but practical risk is mostly weak shared-password deployments since strong shared tokens remain non-bruteforceable.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published npm version: 2026.3.31
  • Vulnerable version range: <=2026.3.28
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.3.31
  • First stable tag containing the fix: v2026.3.31

Fix Commit(s)

  • af0c0862f22ca4492406a3103d05e3628f94cbe9 — 2026-03-31T09:08:57+09:00

Release Process Note

  • The fix is already present in released version 2026.3.31.

OpenClaw thanks @kexinoh of Tencent zhuque Lab (https://github.com/Tencent/AI-Infra-Guard) for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41333"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307",
      "CWE-799"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T03:09:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nFake DeviceToken Bypasses Shared Auth Rate Limiting\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Status: narrow\n- Normalized severity: low\n- Assessment: Real in shipped mixed WS auth flow, but practical risk is mostly weak shared-password deployments since strong shared tokens remain non-bruteforceable.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.28`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.31`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `af0c0862f22ca4492406a3103d05e3628f94cbe9` \u2014 2026-03-31T09:08:57+09:00\n\n## Release Process Note\n- The fix is already present in released version `2026.3.31`.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @kexinoh of Tencent zhuque Lab (https://github.com/Tencent/AI-Infra-Guard)  for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-6p8r-6m93-557f",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T23:22:13Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T03:09:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-6p8r-6m93-557f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/af0c0862f22ca4492406a3103d05e3628f94cbe9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-authentication-rate-limiting-bypass-via-fake-devicetoken"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Fake DeviceToken Bypasses Shared Auth Rate Limiting"
}

GHSA-6PCJ-RQ2G-GX86

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28
VLAI
Details

A CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability exists in PLC Simulator on EcoStruxureª Control Expert (now Unity Pro) (all versions) that could cause unauthorized command execution when a brute force attack is done over Modbus.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28212"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-19T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-307: Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability exists in PLC Simulator on EcoStruxure\u00aa Control Expert (now Unity Pro) (all versions) that could cause unauthorized command execution when a brute force attack is done over Modbus.",
  "id": "GHSA-6pcj-rq2g-gx86",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:20Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2020-315-07"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-6PV7-22FF-JQJJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was determined in mtons mblog up to 3.5.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /email/send_code of the component Verification Code Handler. The manipulation of the argument email leads to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8927"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T20:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was determined in mtons mblog up to 3.5.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /email/send_code of the component Verification Code Handler. The manipulation of the argument email leads to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-6pv7-22ff-jqjj",
  "modified": "2025-08-13T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-08-13T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/mtons/mblog/issues/ICPMJR"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.319886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.631654"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6Q78-GPRW-J4GG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:05 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:05
VLAI
Details

If REST API is enabled, the Junos OS login credentials are vulnerable to brute force attacks. The high default connection limit of the REST API may allow an attacker to brute-force passwords using advanced scripting techniques. Additionally, administrators who do not enforce a strong password policy can increase the likelihood of success from brute force attacks. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS: 14.1X53 versions prior to 14.1X53-D49; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1F6-S12, 15.1R7-S3; 15.1X49 versions prior to 15.1X49-D160; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D236, 15.1X53-D495, 15.1X53-D591, 15.1X53-D69; 16.1 versions prior to 16.1R3-S10, 16.1R4-S12, 16.1R6-S6, 16.1R7-S3; 16.1X65 versions prior to 16.1X65-D49; 16.2 versions prior to 16.2R2-S7; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S10, 17.1R3; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R1-S8, 17.2R3-S1; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S2; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R1-S6, 17.4R2-S2; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2-S4, 18.1R3-S1; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R1-S5; 18.2X75 versions prior to 18.2X75-D30; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R1-S1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0039"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-10T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "If REST API is enabled, the Junos OS login credentials are vulnerable to brute force attacks. The high default connection limit of the REST API may allow an attacker to brute-force passwords using advanced scripting techniques. Additionally, administrators who do not enforce a strong password policy can increase the likelihood of success from brute force attacks. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS: 14.1X53 versions prior to 14.1X53-D49; 15.1 versions prior to 15.1F6-S12, 15.1R7-S3; 15.1X49 versions prior to 15.1X49-D160; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D236, 15.1X53-D495, 15.1X53-D591, 15.1X53-D69; 16.1 versions prior to 16.1R3-S10, 16.1R4-S12, 16.1R6-S6, 16.1R7-S3; 16.1X65 versions prior to 16.1X65-D49; 16.2 versions prior to 16.2R2-S7; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S10, 17.1R3; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R1-S8, 17.2R3-S1; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S2; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R1-S6, 17.4R2-S2; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2-S4, 18.1R3-S1; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R1-S5; 18.2X75 versions prior to 18.2X75-D30; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R1-S1.",
  "id": "GHSA-6q78-gprw-j4gg",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:05:37Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:05:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA10928"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107899"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Common protection mechanisms include:
  • Disconnecting the user after a small number of failed attempts
  • Implementing a timeout
  • Locking out a targeted account
  • Requiring a computational task on the user's part.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator. [REF-45]
CAPEC-16: Dictionary-based Password Attack

An attacker tries each of the words in a dictionary as passwords to gain access to the system via some user's account. If the password chosen by the user was a word within the dictionary, this attack will be successful (in the absence of other mitigations). This is a specific instance of the password brute forcing attack pattern.

Dictionary Attacks differ from similar attacks such as Password Spraying (CAPEC-565) and Credential Stuffing (CAPEC-600), since they leverage unknown username/password combinations and don't care about inducing account lockouts.

CAPEC-49: Password Brute Forcing

An adversary tries every possible value for a password until they succeed. A brute force attack, if feasible computationally, will always be successful because it will essentially go through all possible passwords given the alphabet used (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, symbols, etc.) and the maximum length of the password.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-565: Password Spraying

In a Password Spraying attack, an adversary tries a small list (e.g. 3-5) of common or expected passwords, often matching the target's complexity policy, against a known list of user accounts to gain valid credentials. The adversary tries a particular password for each user account, before moving onto the next password in the list. This approach assists the adversary in remaining undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. The adversary may then reattempt the process with additional passwords, once enough time has passed to prevent inducing a lockout.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.