GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration
Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-307

Allowed

Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.

1006 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6QXG-CM55-G85X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-23 12:31
VLAI
Details

Lack of protection against brute force attacks in M-Files Server before 23.12.13205.0 allows an attacker unlimited authentication attempts, potentially compromising targeted M-Files user accounts by guessing passwords.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6912"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-20T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Lack of protection against brute force attacks in M-Files Server before 23.12.13205.0 allows an attacker unlimited authentication attempts, potentially compromising targeted M-Files user accounts by guessing passwords.",
  "id": "GHSA-6qxg-cm55-g85x",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T12:31:28Z",
  "published": "2023-12-20T12:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://empower.m-files.com/security-advisories/CVE-2023-6912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://product.m-files.com/security-advisories/cve-2023-6912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.m-files.com/about/trust-center/security-advisories/cve-2023-6912"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6RMX-GVVG-VH6J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-09 19:52 – Updated: 2026-03-09 19:52
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's hooks count non-POST requests toward auth lockout
Details

OpenClaw's hooks HTTP handler counted hook authentication failures before rejecting unsupported HTTP methods. An unauthenticated client could send repeated non-POST requests (for example GET) with an invalid token to consume the hook auth failure budget and trigger the temporary lockout window for that client key.

The fix moves the hook method gate ahead of auth-failure accounting so unsupported methods return 405 Method Not Allowed without incrementing the hook auth limiter.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected versions: <= 2026.3.2
  • Patched version: 2026.3.7
  • Latest published npm version at patch time: 2026.3.2

Impact

An unauthenticated network client that could reach /hooks/* could temporarily lock out legitimate webhook delivery when requests collapsed to the same hook auth client key, such as shared proxy or NAT topologies. Impact is limited to temporary availability loss for hook-triggered wake or automation delivery.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 44820dceadac65ac7c0ce8fc0ffba8c2bd9fae89

Verification

  • pnpm check passed
  • pnpm test:fast passed
  • focused hook regression tests passed
  • pnpm exec vitest run --config vitest.gateway.config.ts still has unrelated current-main failures in src/gateway/server-channels.test.ts and src/gateway/server-methods/agents-mutate.test.ts

Release Process Note

npm 2026.3.7 was published on March 8, 2026. This advisory is fixed in the released package.

Thanks @JNX03 for reporting.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307",
      "CWE-799"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-09T19:52:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "OpenClaw\u0027s hooks HTTP handler counted hook authentication failures before rejecting unsupported HTTP methods. An unauthenticated client could send repeated non-`POST` requests (for example `GET`) with an invalid token to consume the hook auth failure budget and trigger the temporary lockout window for that client key.\n\nThe fix moves the hook method gate ahead of auth-failure accounting so unsupported methods return `405 Method Not Allowed` without incrementing the hook auth limiter.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003c= 2026.3.2`\n- Patched version: `2026.3.7`\n- Latest published npm version at patch time: `2026.3.2`\n\n## Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated network client that could reach `/hooks/*` could temporarily lock out legitimate webhook delivery when requests collapsed to the same hook auth client key, such as shared proxy or NAT topologies. Impact is limited to temporary availability loss for hook-triggered wake or automation delivery.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `44820dceadac65ac7c0ce8fc0ffba8c2bd9fae89`\n\n## Verification\n\n- `pnpm check` passed\n- `pnpm test:fast` passed\n- focused hook regression tests passed\n- `pnpm exec vitest run --config vitest.gateway.config.ts` still has unrelated current-`main` failures in `src/gateway/server-channels.test.ts` and `src/gateway/server-methods/agents-mutate.test.ts`\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nnpm `2026.3.7` was published on March 8, 2026. This advisory is fixed in the released package.\n\nThanks @JNX03 for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rmx-gvvg-vh6j",
  "modified": "2026-03-09T19:52:47Z",
  "published": "2026-03-09T19:52:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-6rmx-gvvg-vh6j"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/44820dceadac65ac7c0ce8fc0ffba8c2bd9fae89"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s hooks count non-POST requests toward auth lockout"
}

GHSA-6V7H-6FVV-974M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-30 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:23
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Joomla! 4.2.0 through 4.3.1. The lack of rate limiting allowed brute force attacks against MFA methods.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-23755"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T17:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Joomla! 4.2.0 through 4.3.1. The lack of rate limiting allowed brute force attacks against MFA methods.",
  "id": "GHSA-6v7h-6fvv-974m",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:23:31Z",
  "published": "2023-05-30T18:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/900-20230502-core-bruteforce-prevention-within-the-mfa-screen.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6VF9-7Q6P-X646

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details

An insufficient entropy vulnerability in the SecuSUITE Secure Client Authentication (SCA) Server of SecuSUITE versions 5.0.420 and earlier could allow an attacker to potentially enroll an attacker-controlled device to the victim’s account and telephone number.

Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-51720"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T18:15:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An insufficient entropy vulnerability in the SecuSUITE Secure Client Authentication (SCA) Server of SecuSUITE versions 5.0.420 and earlier could allow an attacker to potentially enroll an attacker-controlled device to the victim\u2019s account and telephone number.",
  "id": "GHSA-6vf9-7q6p-x646",
  "modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:51Z",
  "published": "2024-11-12T18:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.blackberry.com/pkb/s/article/140220"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6VJ9-7994-7367

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-16 21:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Dbit N300 T1 Pro Easy Setup Wireless Wi-Fi Router on firmware version V1.0.0 does not implement rate limiting to /api/login allowing attackers to brute force password enumerations.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-65427"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T16:15:59Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Dbit N300 T1 Pro Easy Setup Wireless Wi-Fi Router on firmware version V1.0.0 does not implement rate limiting to /api/login allowing attackers to brute force password enumerations.",
  "id": "GHSA-6vj9-7994-7367",
  "modified": "2025-12-16T21:30:54Z",
  "published": "2025-12-16T18:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65427"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kirubel-cve/CVE-2025-65427"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://dbit.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://shenzhen.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6W72-X59C-H2C9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-12 18:33 – Updated: 2025-02-06 21:32
VLAI
Details

An Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a limited Denial of Service (DoS) to the management plane.

When an incoming connection was blocked because it exceeded the connections-per-second rate-limit, the system doesn't consider existing connections anymore for subsequent connection attempts so that the connection limit can be exceeded. This issue affects Junos OS Evolved:

All versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO,

22.1-EVO versions before 22.1R3-S3-EVO,

22.2-EVO versions before 22.2R3-S2-EVO, 

22.3-EVO versions before 22.3R2-S1-EVO, 22.3R3-EVO.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-30390"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-12T16:15:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a limited\u00a0Denial of Service (DoS) to the management plane.\n\nWhen an incoming connection was blocked because it exceeded the connections-per-second rate-limit, the system doesn\u0027t consider existing connections anymore for subsequent connection attempts so that the connection\u00a0limit can be exceeded.\nThis issue affects Junos OS Evolved:\n\nAll versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO,\n\n22.1-EVO versions before 22.1R3-S3-EVO,\n\n22.2-EVO versions before 22.2R3-S2-EVO,\u00a0\n\n22.3-EVO versions before 22.3R2-S1-EVO, 22.3R3-EVO.",
  "id": "GHSA-6w72-x59c-h2c9",
  "modified": "2025-02-06T21:32:05Z",
  "published": "2024-04-12T18:33:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30390"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA79183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6X8X-4QF6-W7QG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:30
VLAI
Details

Uncontrolled resource consumption in the Wireless Control Module (WCM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with write access to the in-vehicle network to permanently immobilize the motorcycle. The WCM enforces a brute-force lockout on the immobilizer authentication algorithm, but the lockout counter is reachable by any unauthenticated message, has no session binding, and does not reset on power cycle. An attacker can deliberately trip the lockout with a small number of crafted frames, leaving the bike un-startable until dealer service. Specific thresholds have been withheld pending vendor remediation.

Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-49324"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T13:16:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in the Wireless Control Module (WCM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with write access to the in-vehicle network to permanently immobilize the motorcycle. The WCM enforces a brute-force lockout on the immobilizer authentication algorithm, but the lockout counter is reachable by any unauthenticated message, has no session binding, and does not reset on power cycle. An attacker can deliberately trip the lockout with a small number of crafted frames, leaving the bike un-startable until dealer service. Specific thresholds have been withheld pending vendor remediation.",
  "id": "GHSA-6x8x-4qf6-w7qg",
  "modified": "2026-05-29T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2026-05-29T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49324"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2026-49324-indian-scout-wcm-bruteforce-lockout-dos"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7257-Q8P3-HC2F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 12:30 – Updated: 2024-05-17 12:30
VLAI
Details

Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in CodePeople Appointment Hour Booking allows Removing Important Client Functionality.This issue affects Appointment Hour Booking: from n/a through 1.4.56.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32720"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in CodePeople Appointment Hour Booking allows Removing Important Client Functionality.This issue affects Appointment Hour Booking: from n/a through 1.4.56.",
  "id": "GHSA-7257-q8p3-hc2f",
  "modified": "2024-05-17T12:30:59Z",
  "published": "2024-05-17T12:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/appointment-hour-booking/wordpress-appointment-hour-booking-plugin-1-4-56-captcha-bypass-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73CP-4XF9-C6M3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:28 – Updated: 2024-04-03 23:54
VLAI
Details

Cryptocat before 2.0.42 has Group Chat ECC Private Key Generation Brute Force Weakness

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2257"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-04T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cryptocat before 2.0.42 has Group Chat ECC Private Key Generation Brute Force Weakness",
  "id": "GHSA-73cp-4xf9-c6m3",
  "modified": "2024-04-03T23:54:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-05T00:28:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2257"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tobtu.com/decryptocat.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/07/10/15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/61087"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-74WF-7Q7R-HJXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:32
VLAI
Details

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a credential validation vulnerability in the POST /functions/v1/private/validate_password_compliance endpoint that is callable using only the public Supabase key without authentication. The endpoint is CORS-permissive with wildcard origin allowance and lacks rate limiting, enabling attackers to perform password spraying and credential stuffing attacks to compromise user accounts.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56234"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-307"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T13:16:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a credential validation vulnerability in the POST /functions/v1/private/validate_password_compliance endpoint that is callable using only the public Supabase key without authentication. The endpoint is CORS-permissive with wildcard origin allowance and lacks rate limiting, enabling attackers to perform password spraying and credential stuffing attacks to compromise user accounts.",
  "id": "GHSA-74wf-7q7r-hjxr",
  "modified": "2026-06-23T15:32:36Z",
  "published": "2026-06-23T15:32:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-f6v3-xv4g-79h5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56234"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-password-spraying-via-public-key-accessible-credential-validation-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Common protection mechanisms include:
  • Disconnecting the user after a small number of failed attempts
  • Implementing a timeout
  • Locking out a targeted account
  • Requiring a computational task on the user's part.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator. [REF-45]
CAPEC-16: Dictionary-based Password Attack

An attacker tries each of the words in a dictionary as passwords to gain access to the system via some user's account. If the password chosen by the user was a word within the dictionary, this attack will be successful (in the absence of other mitigations). This is a specific instance of the password brute forcing attack pattern.

Dictionary Attacks differ from similar attacks such as Password Spraying (CAPEC-565) and Credential Stuffing (CAPEC-600), since they leverage unknown username/password combinations and don't care about inducing account lockouts.

CAPEC-49: Password Brute Forcing

An adversary tries every possible value for a password until they succeed. A brute force attack, if feasible computationally, will always be successful because it will essentially go through all possible passwords given the alphabet used (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, symbols, etc.) and the maximum length of the password.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-565: Password Spraying

In a Password Spraying attack, an adversary tries a small list (e.g. 3-5) of common or expected passwords, often matching the target's complexity policy, against a known list of user accounts to gain valid credentials. The adversary tries a particular password for each user account, before moving onto the next password in the list. This approach assists the adversary in remaining undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. The adversary may then reattempt the process with additional passwords, once enough time has passed to prevent inducing a lockout.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.

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