Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14162 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FM23-HRFG-RMQX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

The Logo Showcase with Slick Slider WordPress plugin before 1.2.5 does not have CSRF and authorisation checks in the lswss_save_attachment_data AJAX action, allowing any authenticated users, such as Subscriber, to change title, description, alt text, and URL of arbitrary uploaded media.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-24730"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-28T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Logo Showcase with Slick Slider WordPress plugin before 1.2.5 does not have CSRF and authorisation checks in the lswss_save_attachment_data AJAX action, allowing any authenticated users, such as Subscriber, to change title, description, alt text, and URL of arbitrary uploaded media.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm23-hrfg-rmqx",
  "modified": "2022-07-29T00:00:41Z",
  "published": "2022-03-01T00:00:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24730"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/d5534ff9-c4af-46b7-8852-0f3dfd644855"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM29-X3C3-CJXQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:07 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:51
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Contact Form Generator plugin 2.0.1 and earlier for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) create a field, (2) update a field, (3) delete a field, (4) create a form, (5) update a form, (6) delete a form, (7) create a template, (8) update a template, (9) delete a template, or (10) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a crafted request to the cfg_forms page in wp-admin/admin.php.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-6965"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-09-16T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in the Contact Form Generator plugin 2.0.1 and earlier for WordPress allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) create a field, (2) update a field, (3) delete a field, (4) create a form, (5) update a form, (6) delete a form, (7) create a template, (8) update a template, (9) delete a template, or (10) conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks via a crafted request to the cfg_forms page in wp-admin/admin.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm29-x3c3-cjxq",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:51:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:07:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-6965"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/8176"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/133463/WordPress-Contact-Form-Generator-2.0.1-CSRF.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FM53-WHG6-6H7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-16 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in RealMag777 InPost Gallery allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects InPost Gallery: from n/a through 2.1.4.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-26903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T22:15:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in RealMag777 InPost Gallery allows Cross Site Request Forgery. This issue affects InPost Gallery: from n/a through 2.1.4.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm53-whg6-6h7w",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:42Z",
  "published": "2025-04-16T00:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/inpost-gallery/vulnerability/wordpress-inpost-gallery-plugin-2-1-4-3-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM5J-QM9H-3W36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:19 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:43
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Revive Adserver before 3.0.5 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) delete data via a request to agency-delete.php, (2) tracker-delete.php, or (3) userlog-delete.php in admin/ or (4) unlink accounts via a request to admin-user-unlink.php. (5) advertiser-user-unlink.php, or (6) affiliate-user-unlink.php in admin/.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-9407"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-12-19T15:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Revive Adserver before 3.0.5 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) delete data via a request to agency-delete.php, (2) tracker-delete.php, or (3) userlog-delete.php in admin/ or (4) unlink accounts via a request to admin-user-unlink.php. (5) advertiser-user-unlink.php, or (6) affiliate-user-unlink.php in admin/.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm5j-qm9h-3w36",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:43:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:19:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9407"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.revive-adserver.com/security/revive-sa-2014-001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FM5V-C286-FP3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details

Some ZTE products have CSRF vulnerability. Because some pages lack CSRF random value verification, attackers could perform illegal authorization operations by constructing messages.This affects: ZXHN H168N V3.5.0_EG1T5_TE, V2.5.5, ZXHN H108N V2.5.5_BTMT1

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Some ZTE products have CSRF vulnerability. Because some pages lack CSRF random value verification, attackers could perform illegal authorization operations by constructing messages.This affects: ZXHN H168N V3.5.0_EG1T5_TE, V2.5.5, ZXHN H108N V2.5.5_BTMT1",
  "id": "GHSA-fm5v-c286-fp3w",
  "modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:47:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.zte.com.cn/support/news/LoopholeInfoDetail.aspx?newsId=1014904"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM6F-CQV9-287V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:42 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:53
VLAI
Details

Interaction error between Adobe Flash and multiple Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) services allow remote attackers to perform Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) style attacks by using the Flash navigateToURL function to send a SOAP message to a UPnP control point, as demonstrated by changing the primary DNS server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2008-1654"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2008-04-02T18:44:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Interaction error between Adobe Flash and multiple Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) services allow remote attackers to perform Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) style attacks by using the Flash navigateToURL function to send a SOAP message to a UPnP control point, as demonstrated by changing the primary DNS server.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm6f-cqv9-287v",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T03:53:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T23:42:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1654"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2008//May/msg00001.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2008-04/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/bugtraq/2008/Jan/0182.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2008/Jan/0204.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29865"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30507"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://sunsolve.sun.com/search/document.do?assetkey=1-26-238305-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb08-11.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-200804-21.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.gnucitizen.org/blog/hacking-the-interwebs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/347812"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2008-0221.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28696"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019807"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-100A.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA08-150A.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1697"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1724/references"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FM7J-W4WP-G93X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WPDeveloper Secret Meta allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Secret Meta: from n/a through 1.2.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25086"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T14:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WPDeveloper Secret Meta allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Secret Meta: from n/a through 1.2.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm7j-w4wp-g93x",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:09Z",
  "published": "2025-03-27T15:31:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/facebook-secret-meta/vulnerability/wordpress-secret-meta-plugin-1-2-1-csrf-to-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM7W-2QMF-59GG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:06
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in MFC-J960DWN firmware ver.D and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2244"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-07-07T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in MFC-J960DWN firmware ver.D and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm7w-2qmf-59gg",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:06:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:06:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN95996423/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://support.brother.co.jp/j/s/support/vul_info/JVN95996423/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM87-MH9V-3658

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-09 06:30 – Updated: 2024-09-09 15:30
VLAI
Details

The Snapshot Backup WordPress plugin through 2.1.1 does not have CSRF check in some places, and is missing sanitisation as well as escaping, which could allow attackers to make logged in admin add Stored XSS payloads via a CSRF attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7689"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-09T06:15:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Snapshot Backup WordPress plugin through 2.1.1 does not have CSRF check in some places, and is missing sanitisation as well as escaping, which could allow attackers to make logged in admin add Stored XSS payloads via a CSRF attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm87-mh9v-3658",
  "modified": "2024-09-09T15:30:40Z",
  "published": "2024-09-09T06:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4463785c-55db-4f86-80a2-ada4d2241e5e"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM8H-FG2J-XR88

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-21 09:30 – Updated: 2023-11-21 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Post Meta Data Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1. This is due to missing nonce validation on the pmdm_wp_ajax_delete_meta, pmdm_wp_delete_user_meta, and pmdm_wp_delete_user_meta functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary user, term, and post meta via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5776"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T09:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Post Meta Data Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.1. This is due to missing nonce validation on the pmdm_wp_ajax_delete_meta, pmdm_wp_delete_user_meta, and pmdm_wp_delete_user_meta functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary user, term, and post meta via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm8h-fg2j-xr88",
  "modified": "2023-11-21T09:30:23Z",
  "published": "2023-11-21T09:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5776"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.svn.wordpress.org/post-meta-data-manager/tags/1.2.1/readme.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2981559%40post-meta-data-manager\u0026new=2981559%40post-meta-data-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2994271%40post-meta-data-manager\u0026new=2994271%40post-meta-data-manager\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d49b8c44-4dad-4990-a8a8-116b424a7dfa?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.