Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14167 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FMRH-J366-X3G8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:53
VLAI
Details

Silver Peak EdgeConnect SD-WAN before 8.1.7.x allows CSRF via JSON data to a .swf file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-16099"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-08T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Silver Peak EdgeConnect SD-WAN before 8.1.7.x allows CSRF via JSON data to a .swf file.",
  "id": "GHSA-fmrh-j366-x3g8",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:53:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:55:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sdnewhop/sdwannewhope/blob/master/reports/Silverpeak%20EdgeConnect%20Multiple%20Vulnerabilities%20-%20032018.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FMVV-RRVC-RH7F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-05 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Smash Balloon Custom Twitter Feeds – A Tweets Widget or X Feed Widget.This issue affects Custom Twitter Feeds – A Tweets Widget or X Feed Widget: from n/a through 2.1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-52136"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-05T09:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Smash Balloon Custom Twitter Feeds \u2013 A Tweets Widget or X Feed Widget.This issue affects Custom Twitter Feeds \u2013 A Tweets Widget or X Feed Widget: from n/a through 2.1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-fmvv-rrvc-rh7f",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:43Z",
  "published": "2024-01-05T09:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/custom-twitter-feeds/wordpress-custom-twitter-feeds-tweets-widget-plugin-2-1-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FMWW-X8FC-GQFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 15:31 – Updated: 2026-03-23 15:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1. A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability exists in Zimbra Webmail due to improper validation of CSRF tokens. The application accepts CSRF tokens supplied within the request body instead of requiring them through the expected request header. An attacker can exploit this issue by tricking an authenticated user into submitting a crafted request. This may allow unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of the victim.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33372"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T14:16:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1. A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability exists in Zimbra Webmail due to improper validation of CSRF tokens. The application accepts CSRF tokens supplied within the request body instead of requiring them through the expected request header. An attacker can exploit this issue by tricking an authenticated user into submitting a crafted request. This may allow unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of the victim.",
  "id": "GHSA-fmww-x8fc-gqfj",
  "modified": "2026-03-23T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2026-03-20T15:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Releases/10.1.16#Security_Fixes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Responsible_Disclosure_Policy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FMXQ-V8MG-QH25

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-22 21:58 – Updated: 2023-02-22 21:58
VLAI
Summary
apollo-portal has potential CSRF issue
Details

Impact

A low-privileged user can create a special web page. If an authenticated portal admin visits this page, the page can silently send a request to assign new roles for that user without any confirmation from the Portal admin.

Patches

Cookie SameSite strategy was set to Lax in #4664 and was released in v2.1.0.

Workarounds

To fix the potential issue without upgrading, simply follow the advice that does not visit unknown source pages.

References

Apollo Security Guidence

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in issue * Email us at apollo-config@googlegroups.com

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.ctrip.framework.apollo:apollo"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25569"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-22T21:58:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-20T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nA low-privileged user can create a special web page. If an authenticated portal admin visits this page, the page can silently send a request to assign new roles for that user without any confirmation from the Portal admin.\n\n### Patches\nCookie SameSite strategy was set to Lax in #4664 and was released in [v2.1.0](https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/releases/tag/v2.1.0).\n\n### Workarounds\nTo fix the potential issue without upgrading, simply follow the advice that does not visit unknown source pages.\n\n### References\n[Apollo Security Guidence](https://www.apolloconfig.com/#/en/usage/apollo-user-guide?id=_71-security-related)\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [issue](https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/issues)\n* Email us at [apollo-config@googlegroups.com](mailto:apollo-config@googlegroups.com)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-fmxq-v8mg-qh25",
  "modified": "2023-02-22T21:58:27Z",
  "published": "2023-02-22T21:58:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/security/advisories/GHSA-fmxq-v8mg-qh25"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25569"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/pull/4664"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/commit/00d968a7229f809b0d8ed0532e8c01a6c2b7c750"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apolloconfig/apollo/releases/tag/v2.1.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.apolloconfig.com/#/en/usage/apollo-user-guide?id=_71-security-related"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "apollo-portal has potential CSRF issue"
}

GHSA-FP27-H42R-244Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:54
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Spider Video Player module for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete videos via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-4352"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-06-15T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Spider Video Player module for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that delete videos via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp27-h42r-244q",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:54:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:54:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4352"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.drupal.org/node/2437981"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/04/25/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72817"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FP5G-M5Q3-5GCH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-23 21:30
VLAI
Details

Stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Create event section in Pandora FMS Console v766 and lower. An attacker typically exploits this vulnerability by injecting XSS payloads on popular pages of a site or passing a link to a victim, tricking them into viewing the page that contains the stored XSS payload.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47372"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T04:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Create event section in Pandora FMS Console v766 and lower. An attacker typically exploits this vulnerability by injecting XSS payloads on popular pages of a site or passing a link to a victim, tricking them into viewing the page that contains the stored XSS payload.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp5g-m5q3-5gch",
  "modified": "2023-02-23T21:30:17Z",
  "published": "2023-02-15T06:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47372"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/damodarnaik/576c39162fce7da458d2f41f1cbe99e8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pandorafms.com/en/security/common-vulnerabilities-and-exposures"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FP5Q-RC42-R24W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Dominic Fallows DF Draggable allows Stored XSS.This issue affects DF Draggable: from n/a through 1.13.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23708"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T20:15:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Dominic Fallows DF Draggable allows Stored XSS.This issue affects DF Draggable: from n/a through 1.13.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp5q-rc42-r24w",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:13Z",
  "published": "2025-01-16T21:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23708"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/df-draggable/vulnerability/wordpress-df-draggable-plugin-1-13-2-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FP5V-PR7J-HXJ9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-16 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WPWeb WooCommerce Social Login allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects WooCommerce Social Login: from n/a through 2.8.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-39472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-16T18:16:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WPWeb WooCommerce Social Login allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects WooCommerce Social Login: from n/a through 2.8.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp5v-pr7j-hxj9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:45Z",
  "published": "2025-04-16T18:31:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woo-social-login/vulnerability/wordpress-woocommerce-social-login-plugin-2-8-2-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FP83-G5PX-H8VV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:53
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in XCloner Standalone 3.5 and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) change the administrator password via the config task to index2.php or (2) when the enable_db_backup and sql_mem options are enabled, access the database backup functionality via the dbbackup_comp parameter in the generate action to index2.php. NOTE: vector 2 might be a duplicate of CVE-2014-2340, which is for the XCloner Wordpress plugin. NOTE: remote attackers can leverage CVE-2014-2996 with vector 2 to execute arbitrary commands.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-2579"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-04-25T20:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in XCloner Standalone 3.5 and earlier allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) change the administrator password via the config task to index2.php or (2) when the enable_db_backup and sql_mem options are enabled, access the database backup functionality via the dbbackup_comp parameter in the generate action to index2.php.  NOTE: vector 2 might be a duplicate of CVE-2014-2340, which is for the XCloner Wordpress plugin.  NOTE: remote attackers can leverage CVE-2014-2996 with vector 2 to execute arbitrary commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp83-g5px-h8vv",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:53:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:53:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2579"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.htbridge.com/advisory/HTB23207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/32790"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/531780/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/66751"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FP88-GM7Q-V687

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:07 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:07
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on NTT EAST Hikari Denwa routers with firmware PR-400MI, RT-400MI, and RV-440MI 07.00.1006 and earlier and NTT WEST Hikari Denwa routers with firmware PR-400MI, RT-400MI, and RV-440MI 07.00.1005 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1228"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-07-03T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability on NTT EAST Hikari Denwa routers with firmware PR-400MI, RT-400MI, and RV-440MI 07.00.1006 and earlier and NTT WEST Hikari Denwa routers with firmware PR-400MI, RT-400MI, and RV-440MI 07.00.1005 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp88-gm7q-v687",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:07:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:07:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1228"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN45034304/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://web116.jp/ced/support/news/contents/2016/20160627.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ntt-west.co.jp/kiki/support/flets/hgw4_mi/160627.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.