Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

2909 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2346-6PQF-J299

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2022-11-10 12:01
VLAI
Details

Windows Group Policy Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-37992.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41086"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Windows Group Policy Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-37992.",
  "id": "GHSA-2346-6pqf-j299",
  "modified": "2022-11-10T12:01:08Z",
  "published": "2022-11-10T12:01:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41086"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-41086"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-236C-586C-7Q48

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-03 00:30 – Updated: 2025-08-03 00:30
VLAI
Details

OpenNebula Community Edition (CE) before 7.0.0 and Enterprise Edition (EE) before 6.10.3 have a critical FireEdge race condition that can lead to full account takeover. By exploiting this, an unauthenticated attacker can obtain a valid JSON Web Token (JWT) belonging to a legitimate user without knowledge of their credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54955"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-03T00:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "OpenNebula Community Edition (CE) before 7.0.0 and Enterprise Edition (EE) before 6.10.3 have a critical FireEdge race condition that can lead to full account takeover. By exploiting this, an unauthenticated attacker can obtain a valid JSON Web Token (JWT) belonging to a legitimate user without knowledge of their credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-236c-586c-7q48",
  "modified": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54955"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenNebula/one/commit/81058d9705e7ac619d294423de28b76d88f613b6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.opennebula.io/6.10/intro_release_notes/release_notes_enterprise/resolved_issues_6103.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenNebula/one"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenNebula/one/releases/tag/release-7.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Stolichnayer/OpenNebula-Account-Takeover"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-239G-CRQJ-QCFP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:50 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:50
VLAI
Details

Race condition in the mac80211 subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.32-rc8-next-20091201 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a Delete Block ACK (aka DELBA) packet that triggers a certain state change in the absence of an aggregation session.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-4027"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-12-02T16:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Race condition in the mac80211 subsystem in the Linux kernel before 2.6.32-rc8-next-20091201 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (system crash) via a Delete Block ACK (aka DELBA) packet that triggers a certain state change in the absence of an aggregation session.",
  "id": "GHSA-239g-crqj-qcfp",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:50:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:50:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2010:0178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2010:0380"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2009-4027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=541149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11583"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=827d42c9ac91ddd728e4f4a31fefb906ef2ceff7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commit;h=827d42c9ac91ddd728e4f4a31fefb906ef2ceff7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2010-01/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/38017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/38492"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-1996"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/next/patch-v2.6.32-rc8-next-20091201.gz"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2010-0380.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37170"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-864-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-23FC-P3PH-RJ82

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:30 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:30
VLAI
Details

Race condition in the IP logging feature in Cisco Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Software 7.1(7)E4 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted IP traffic that matches a problematic rule, aka Bug ID CSCud82085.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-3406"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-10-19T01:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Race condition in the IP logging feature in Cisco Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Software 7.1(7)E4 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via crafted IP traffic that matches a problematic rule, aka Bug ID CSCud82085.",
  "id": "GHSA-23fc-p3ph-rj82",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:30:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2014-3406"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/viewAlert.x?alertId=36078"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-23JC-966Q-FMW3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:54
VLAI
Details

In callGenIDChangeListeners and related functions of SkPixelRef.cpp, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-124232283.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-2095"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-07T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In callGenIDChangeListeners and related functions of SkPixelRef.cpp, there is a possible use after free due to a race condition. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-124232283.",
  "id": "GHSA-23jc-966q-fmw3",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T00:54:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:47:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-2095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2019-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-23QQ-P4GQ-GC2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 00:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:28
VLAI
Summary
WordOps has TOCTOU race condition
Details

WordOps through 3.20.0 has a wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py TOCTOU race condition because the conf_path os.open does not use a mode parameter during file creation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "wordops"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.21.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-34528"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-367"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-06T14:35:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T00:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "WordOps through 3.20.0 has a `wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py` TOCTOU race condition because the `conf_path` `os.open` does not use a mode parameter during file creation.",
  "id": "GHSA-23qq-p4gq-gc2g",
  "modified": "2025-01-21T18:28:26Z",
  "published": "2024-05-06T00:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/issues/611"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/commit/31353f0fef14ad8bc1f61c028971bd30b9e1909b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/WordOps/WordOps/blob/ecf20192c7853925e2cb3f8c8378cd0d86ca0d62/wo/cli/plugins/stack_pref.py#L77"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/wordops/PYSEC-2024-175.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "WordOps has TOCTOU race condition"
}

GHSA-23VM-FC59-7QJV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:05
VLAI
Details

During the initialization of a new content process, a race condition occurs that can allow a content process to disclose heap addresses from the parent process. Note: this issue only occurs on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 68.4 and Firefox < 72.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-17021"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-08T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "During the initialization of a new content process, a race condition occurs that can allow a content process to disclose heap addresses from the parent process. *Note: this issue only occurs on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 68.4 and Firefox \u003c 72.",
  "id": "GHSA-23vm-fc59-7qjv",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:05:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:05:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1599008"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2020/Jan/18"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00029.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00043.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155912/Slackware-Security-Advisory-mozilla-thunderbird-Updates.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-23W7-H454-2FW3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:33 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:50
VLAI
Details

The raw_sendmsg() function in net/ipv4/raw.c in the Linux kernel through 4.14.6 has a race condition in inet->hdrincl that leads to uninitialized stack pointer usage; this allows a local user to execute code and gain privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-17712"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-16T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The raw_sendmsg() function in net/ipv4/raw.c in the Linux kernel through 4.14.6 has a race condition in inet-\u003ehdrincl that leads to uninitialized stack pointer usage; this allows a local user to execute code and gain privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-23w7-h454-2fw3",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:50:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:33:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17712"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/8f659a03a0ba9289b9aeb9b4470e6fb263d6f483"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0502"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2018-04-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3581-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3581-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3581-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3582-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3582-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-4073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8f659a03a0ba9289b9aeb9b4470e6fb263d6f483"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2424-Q483-WGPQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:52
VLAI
Details

Race condition in some Intel(R) NUC BIOS firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34438"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-421"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Race condition in some Intel(R) NUC BIOS firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-2424-q483-wgpq",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:52:11Z",
  "published": "2023-08-11T03:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34438"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00917.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-246X-P35Q-QHCQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 15:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

espintcp: Fix race condition in espintcp_close()

This issue was discovered during a code audit.

After cancel_work_sync() is called from espintcp_close(), espintcp_tx_work() can still be scheduled from paths such as the Delayed ACK handler or ksoftirqd. As a result, the espintcp_tx_work() worker may dereference a freed espintcp ctx or sk.

The following is a simple race scenario:

       cpu0                             cpu1

espintcp_close() cancel_work_sync(&ctx->work); espintcp_write_space() schedule_work(&ctx->work);

To prevent this race condition, cancel_work_sync() is replaced with disable_work_sync().

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23239"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T18:18:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nespintcp: Fix race condition in espintcp_close()\n\nThis issue was discovered during a code audit.\n\nAfter cancel_work_sync() is called from espintcp_close(),\nespintcp_tx_work() can still be scheduled from paths such as\nthe Delayed ACK handler or ksoftirqd.\nAs a result, the espintcp_tx_work() worker may dereference a\nfreed espintcp ctx or sk.\n\nThe following is a simple race scenario:\n\n           cpu0                             cpu1\n\n  espintcp_close()\n    cancel_work_sync(\u0026ctx-\u003ework);\n                                     espintcp_write_space()\n                                       schedule_work(\u0026ctx-\u003ework);\n\nTo prevent this race condition, cancel_work_sync() is\nreplaced with disable_work_sync().",
  "id": "GHSA-246x-p35q-qhcq",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T15:31:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-10T18:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23239"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022ff7f347588de6e17879a1da6019647b21321b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/664e9df53226b4505a0894817ecad2c610ab11d8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1512c1db9e8794d8d130addd2615ec27231d994"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f7ad8b1d0e421c524604d5076b73232093490d5c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.