CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1068 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8P5G-QXW3-R526
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:47Potential time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the BIOS for certain HP PC products, which might allow arbitrary code execution, escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Potential time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the BIOS for certain HP PC products, which might allow arbitrary code execution, escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-8p5g-qxw3-r526",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:47:18Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_7149996-7150021-16/hpsbhf03814"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P7H-769G-X7MF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-30 15:30 – Updated: 2022-12-02 15:30Unauth. Race Condition vulnerability in WP ULike Plugin <= 4.6.4 on WordPress allows attackers to increase/decrease rating scores.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-30T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Unauth. Race Condition vulnerability in WP ULike Plugin \u003c= 4.6.4 on WordPress allows attackers to increase/decrease rating scores.",
"id": "GHSA-8p7h-769g-x7mf",
"modified": "2022-12-02T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-11-30T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-ulike/wordpress-wp-ulike-plugin-4-6-3-race-condition-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8QGG-7996-JQJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-01 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-09 21:30Dell BIOS contains a Time-of-check Time-of-use vulnerability. A local authenticated malicious user could\u00a0potentially exploit this vulnerability by using a specifically timed DMA transaction during an SMI to gain arbitrary code execution on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34398"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell BIOS contains a Time-of-check Time-of-use vulnerability. A local authenticated malicious user could\\u00a0potentially exploit this vulnerability by using a specifically timed DMA transaction during an SMI to gain arbitrary code execution on the system.",
"id": "GHSA-8qgg-7996-jqj3",
"modified": "2023-02-09T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-02-01T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34398"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000206038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8QVG-9W3G-669P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-29 00:00This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Access 6.5.4 (39316) Agent. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target host system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Parallels service. By creating a symbolic link, an attacker can abuse the service to execute a file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-16134.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-18T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Access 6.5.4 (39316) Agent. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target host system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Parallels service. By creating a symbolic link, an attacker can abuse the service to execute a file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-16134.",
"id": "GHSA-8qvg-9w3g-669p",
"modified": "2022-07-29T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-07-19T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.parallels.com/en/129010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-947"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RQF-8G2H-R7C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-05-06 15:30Memory corruption while loading a VM from a signed VM image that is not coherent in the processor cache.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33119"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-06T15:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while loading a VM from a signed VM image that is not coherent in the processor cache.",
"id": "GHSA-8rqf-8g2h-r7c2",
"modified": "2024-05-06T15:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-05-06T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/may-2024-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8V2R-MV47-WXFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-13 00:34 – Updated: 2026-06-13 00:34OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a command injection vulnerability where shell wrapper argv could change between approval and execution. Attackers can rebuild command arguments after allowlist approval to execute unapproved command shapes, potentially bypassing security controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T22:16:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a command injection vulnerability where shell wrapper argv could change between approval and execution. Attackers can rebuild command arguments after allowlist approval to execute unapproved command shapes, potentially bypassing security controls.",
"id": "GHSA-8v2r-mv47-wxfr",
"modified": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
"published": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-2j8v-hwgc-x698"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53822"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-command-argument-modification-via-shell-wrapper-between-approval-and-execution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8V97-27J3-GGR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-28 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-28 18:30Wazuh's File Integrity Monitoring (FIM), when configured with automatic threat removal, contains a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that can allow a local, low-privileged attacker to cause the Wazuh service (running as NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM) to delete attacker-controlled files or paths. The root cause is insufficient synchronization and lack of robust final-path validation in the threat-removal workflow: the agent records an active-response action and proceeds to perform deletion without guaranteeing the deletion target is the originally intended file. This can result in SYSTEM-level arbitrary file or folder deletion and consequent local privilege escalation. Wazuh made an attempted fix via pull request 8697 on 2025-07-10, but that change was incomplete.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-34294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-28T16:15:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Wazuh\u0027s File Integrity Monitoring (FIM), when configured with automatic threat removal, contains a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that can allow a local, low-privileged attacker to cause the Wazuh service (running as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM) to delete attacker-controlled files or paths. The root cause is insufficient synchronization and lack of robust final-path validation in the threat-removal workflow: the agent records an active-response action and proceeds to perform deletion without guaranteeing the deletion target is the originally intended file. This can result in SYSTEM-level arbitrary file or folder deletion and consequent local privilege escalation. Wazuh made an attempted fix via pull request 8697 on 2025-07-10, but that change was incomplete.",
"id": "GHSA-8v97-27j3-ggr7",
"modified": "2025-10-28T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-10-28T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh-documentation/pull/8697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.wazuh.com/current/user-manual/capabilities/active-response/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wazuh.com/blog/detecting-and-responding-to-malicious-files-using-cdb-lists-and-active-response"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wazuh-file-integrity-monitoring-and-active-response-arbitrary-file-deletion-as-system"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8WFG-43P7-WG28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 00:31Memory Corruption when accessing shared buffers without validation of concurrent user-mode input modifications.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T23:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory Corruption when accessing shared buffers without validation of concurrent user-mode input modifications.",
"id": "GHSA-8wfg-43p7-wg28",
"modified": "2026-06-02T00:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T00:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/june-2026-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8WPQ-W3G7-G8CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20Possible memory corruption due to Improper handling of hypervisor unmap operations for concurrent memory operations in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-12T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Possible memory corruption due to Improper handling of hypervisor unmap operations for concurrent memory operations in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile",
"id": "GHSA-8wpq-w3g7-g8cr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/november-2021-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8WPR-639P-CCRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:32 – Updated: 2025-12-30 15:32A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:
- Platform: Uses
@nestjs/platform-fastify. - Security Mechanism: Relies on
NestMiddleware(viaMiddlewareConsumer) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or throughapp.use() - Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g.,
.forRoutes('admin')). Example Vulnerable Config:
// app.module.ts
export class AppModule implements NestModule {
configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {
consumer
.apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check
.forRoutes('admin'); // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction
}
}
Attack Vector:
- Target Route:
/admin - Middleware Path:
admin - Attack Request:
GET /%61dmin - Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on
%61dmin), but controller for/adminis executed.
Consequences:
- Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.
- Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.
- Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.
Patches
Patched in @nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11
Resources
Credit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 11.1.10"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@nestjs/platform-fastify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69211"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T16:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A NestJS application is vulnerable if it meets all of the following criteria:\n\n1. Platform: Uses `@nestjs/platform-fastify`.\n2. Security Mechanism: Relies on `NestMiddleware` (via `MiddlewareConsumer`) for security checks (authentication, authorization, etc.), or through `app.use()`\n3. Routing: Applies middleware to specific routes using string paths or controllers (e.g., `.forRoutes(\u0027admin\u0027)`).\nExample Vulnerable Config:\n\n```ts\n// app.module.ts\nexport class AppModule implements NestModule {\n configure(consumer: MiddlewareConsumer) {\n consumer\n .apply(AuthMiddleware) // Security check\n .forRoutes(\u0027admin\u0027); // Vulnerable: Path-based restriction\n }\n}\n```\n\nAttack Vector:\n\n- Target Route: `/admin`\n- Middleware Path: `admin`\n- Attack Request: `GET /%61dmin`\n- Result: Middleware is skipped (no match on `%61dmin`), but controller for `/admin` is executed.\n\nConsequences:\n\n- Authentication Bypass: Unauthenticated users can access protected routes.\n- Authorization Bypass: Restricted administrative endpoints become accessible to lower-privileged users.\n- Input Validation Bypass: Middleware performing sanitization or validation can be skipped.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in `@nestjs/platform-fastify@11.1.11`\n\n### Resources\n\nCredit goes to Hacktron AI for reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj",
"modified": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
"published": "2025-12-30T15:32:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-8wpr-639p-ccrj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/commit/c4cedda15a05aafec1e6045b36b0335ab850e771"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Nest has a Fastify URL Encoding Middleware Bypass (TOCTOU)"
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.