CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1068 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-974X-72X9-F6MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 00:30 – Updated: 2024-06-11 00:30A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations.
Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-10T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations.\n\nPlease note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-974x-72x9-f6mr",
"modified": "2024-06-11T00:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T00:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/dcx/s/solution/000298063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-571"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-97FG-C6XR-M6CW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 03:31OpenClaw before 2026.5.28 contains a race condition in the MS Teams safeFetch DNS rebinding check. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could win a timing window between the DNS validation check and use, allowing actions that should have required a stronger authorization or policy check. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T02:18:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.5.28 contains a race condition in the MS Teams safeFetch DNS rebinding check. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could win a timing window between the DNS validation check and use, allowing actions that should have required a stronger authorization or policy check. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.",
"id": "GHSA-97fg-c6xr-m6cw",
"modified": "2026-07-17T03:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T03:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-wxm8-ghhq-q688"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-authentication-bypass-via-safefetch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-98CJ-759M-RR93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-04 12:32 – Updated: 2024-11-04 12:32Memory corruption while processing input parameters for any IOCTL call in the JPEG Encoder driver.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-04T10:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while processing input parameters for any IOCTL call in the JPEG Encoder driver.",
"id": "GHSA-98cj-759m-rr93",
"modified": "2024-11-04T12:32:56Z",
"published": "2024-11-04T12:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/november-2024-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9964-V64G-G4C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 03:34 – Updated: 2025-10-28 21:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Input: synaptics - fix crash when enabling pass-through port
When enabling a pass-through port an interrupt might come before psmouse driver binds to the pass-through port. However synaptics sub-driver tries to access psmouse instance presumably associated with the pass-through port to figure out if only 1 byte of response or entire protocol packet needs to be forwarded to the pass-through port and may crash if psmouse instance has not been attached to the port yet.
Fix the crash by introducing open() and close() methods for the port and check if the port is open before trying to access psmouse instance. Because psmouse calls serio_open() only after attaching psmouse instance to serio port instance this prevents the potential crash.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T03:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nInput: synaptics - fix crash when enabling pass-through port\n\nWhen enabling a pass-through port an interrupt might come before psmouse\ndriver binds to the pass-through port. However synaptics sub-driver\ntries to access psmouse instance presumably associated with the\npass-through port to figure out if only 1 byte of response or entire\nprotocol packet needs to be forwarded to the pass-through port and may\ncrash if psmouse instance has not been attached to the port yet.\n\nFix the crash by introducing open() and close() methods for the port and\ncheck if the port is open before trying to access psmouse instance.\nBecause psmouse calls serio_open() only after attaching psmouse instance\nto serio port instance this prevents the potential crash.",
"id": "GHSA-9964-v64g-g4c3",
"modified": "2025-10-28T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T03:34:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08bd5b7c9a2401faabdaa1472d45c7de0755fd7e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e179d3f1ada963475395d81bfe91daef4d1a24c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87da1ea93ec9f9f0004e5b12e78789bc94e360bf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cbcd70133dc0d4d4c95ad4cd5412b935354c7c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9F3J-PM6F-9FM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-01 00:45 – Updated: 2022-04-19 15:24The fix for bug CVE-2020-9484 introduced a time of check time of use vulnerability into Apache Tomcat 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.0-M8, 10.0.0-M5 to 10.0.14, 9.0.35 to 9.0.56 and 8.5.55 to 8.5.73 that allowed a local attacker to perform actions with the privileges of the user that the Tomcat process is using. This issue is only exploitable when Tomcat is configured to persist sessions using the FileStore.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.58"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.75"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-31T19:06:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-27T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The fix for bug CVE-2020-9484 introduced a time of check time of use vulnerability into Apache Tomcat 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.0-M8, 10.0.0-M5 to 10.0.14, 9.0.35 to 9.0.56 and 8.5.55 to 8.5.73 that allowed a local attacker to perform actions with the privileges of the user that the Tomcat process is using. This issue is only exploitable when Tomcat is configured to persist sessions using the FileStore.",
"id": "GHSA-9f3j-pm6f-9fm5",
"modified": "2022-04-19T15:24:44Z",
"published": "2022-02-01T00:45:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23181"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/tomcat"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/l8x62p3k19yfcb208jo4zrb83k5mfwg9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00029.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220217-0010"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Race condition in Apache Tomcat"
}
GHSA-9F46-5R25-5WFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-29 03:13 – Updated: 2021-09-21 14:55Impact
The whitespace normalisation using in 1.x and 2.x removes any unicode whitespace. Under certain specific conditions this could potentially allow a malicious user to execute code remotely.
The conditions:
- A user is allowed to supply the path or filename of an uploaded file.
- The supplied path or filename is not checked against unicode chars.
- The supplied pathname checked against an extension deny-list, not an allow-list.
- The supplied path or filename contains a unicode whitespace char in the extension.
- The uploaded file is stored in a directory that allows PHP code to be executed.
Given these conditions are met a user can upload and execute arbitrary code on the system under attack.
Patches
The unicode whitespace removal has been replaced with a rejection (exception).
The library has been patched in: - 1.x: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/f3ad69181b8afed2c9edf7be5a2918144ff4ea32 - 2.x: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/a3c694de9f7e844b76f9d1b61296ebf6e8d89d74
Workarounds
For 1.x users, upgrade to 1.1.4. For 2.x users, upgrade to 2.1.1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "league/flysystem"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "league/flysystem"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32708"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-06-24T18:03:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-24T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe whitespace normalisation using in 1.x and 2.x removes any unicode whitespace. Under certain specific conditions this could potentially allow a malicious user to execute code remotely.\n\nThe conditions: \n\n- A user is allowed to supply the path or filename of an uploaded file.\n- The supplied path or filename is not checked against unicode chars.\n- The supplied pathname checked against an extension deny-list, not an allow-list.\n- The supplied path or filename contains a unicode whitespace char in the extension.\n- The uploaded file is stored in a directory that allows PHP code to be executed.\n\nGiven these conditions are met a user can upload and execute arbitrary code on the system under attack.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe unicode whitespace removal has been replaced with a rejection (exception).\n\nThe library has been patched in:\n- 1.x: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/f3ad69181b8afed2c9edf7be5a2918144ff4ea32\n- 2.x: https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/a3c694de9f7e844b76f9d1b61296ebf6e8d89d74\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor 1.x users, upgrade to 1.1.4. For 2.x users, upgrade to 2.1.1.\n",
"id": "GHSA-9f46-5r25-5wfm",
"modified": "2021-09-21T14:55:38Z",
"published": "2021-06-29T03:13:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/security/advisories/GHSA-9f46-5r25-5wfm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/a3c694de9f7e844b76f9d1b61296ebf6e8d89d74"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem/commit/f3ad69181b8afed2c9edf7be5a2918144ff4ea32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/league/flysystem/CVE-2021-32708.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/flysystem"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NWPTENBYKI2IG47GI4DHAACLNRLTWUR5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RNZSWK4GOMJOOHKLZEOE5AQSLC4DNCRZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packagist.org/packages/league/flysystem"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in league/flysystem"
}
GHSA-9FCP-RCRW-HG6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:47Potential time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the BIOS for certain HP PC products, which might allow arbitrary code execution, escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31639"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T17:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Potential time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the BIOS for certain HP PC products, which might allow arbitrary code execution, escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-9fcp-rcrw-hg6f",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:47:25Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_7149996-7150021-16/hpsbhf03814"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GH9-HWPR-RVQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:24A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists in the mkfifo utility of uutils coreutils. The utility creates a FIFO and then performs a path-based chmod to set permissions. A local attacker with write access to the parent directory can swap the newly created FIFO for a symbolic link between these two operations. This redirects the chmod call to an arbitrary file, potentially enabling privilege escalation if the utility is run with elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "coreutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-30T17:09:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T17:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists in the mkfifo utility of uutils coreutils. The utility creates a FIFO and then performs a path-based chmod to set permissions. A local attacker with write access to the parent directory can swap the newly created FIFO for a symbolic link between these two operations. This redirects the chmod call to an arbitrary file, potentially enabling privilege escalation if the utility is run with elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-9gh9-hwpr-rvqq",
"modified": "2026-05-08T01:24:58Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/10020"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "uutils coreutils has a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition"
}
GHSA-9HHX-MWF2-VR7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-24 00:31OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a time-of-check-time-of-use vulnerability in sandbox file operations that allows attackers to bypass fd-based defenses. Attackers can exploit check-then-act patterns in apply_patch, remove, and mkdir operations to manipulate files between validation and execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41338"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T22:16:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a time-of-check-time-of-use vulnerability in sandbox file operations that allows attackers to bypass fd-based defenses. Attackers can exploit check-then-act patterns in apply_patch, remove, and mkdir operations to manipulate files between validation and execution.",
"id": "GHSA-9hhx-mwf2-vr7v",
"modified": "2026-04-24T00:31:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T00:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rm5c-4rmf-vvhw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/32a4a47d602e0618f87b3e59f94d8c142767f860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-time-of-check-time-of-use-toctou-vulnerability-in-sandbox-file-operations"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9J94-67JR-4CQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 14:45 – Updated: 2025-05-09 14:34Summary
When using the Rack::Session::Pool middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session.
Details
Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests.
Impact
When using the Rack::Session::Pool middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout.
Mitigation
- Update to the latest version of
rack-session, or - Ensure your application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a
logged_outflag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse, or - Implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.
Related
This code was previously part of rack in Rack < 3, see https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g for the equivalent advisory in rack (affecting Rack < 3 only).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack-session"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-367",
"CWE-613"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-08T14:45:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-08T20:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nWhen using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session.\n\n## Details\n\n[Rack session middleware](https://github.com/rack/rack-session/blob/v2.1.0/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb#L271-L278) prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests.\n\n## Impact\n\nWhen using the `Rack::Session::Pool` middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Update to the latest version of `rack-session`, or\n- Ensure your application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a `logged_out` flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse, or\n- Implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.\n\n## Related\n\nThis code was previously part of `rack` in Rack \u003c 3, see \u003chttps://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g\u003e for the equivalent advisory in `rack` (affecting Rack \u003c 3 only).",
"id": "GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj",
"modified": "2025-05-09T14:34:48Z",
"published": "2025-05-08T14:45:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-9j94-67jr-4cqj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-vpfw-47h7-xj4g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session/commit/c28c4a8c1861d814e09f2ae48264ac4c40be2d3b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack-session/CVE-2025-46336.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Rack session gets restored after deletion"
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.