CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1820 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PVH9-P4PW-H78Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:30Rockwell Automation Studio 5000 Logix Designer Versions 21 and later, and RSLogix 5000 Versions 16 through 20 use a key to verify Logix controllers are communicating with Rockwell Automation CompactLogix 1768, 1769, 5370, 5380, 5480: ControlLogix 5550, 5560, 5570, 5580; DriveLogix 5560, 5730, 1794-L34; Compact GuardLogix 5370, 5380; GuardLogix 5570, 5580; SoftLogix 5800. Rockwell Automation Studio 5000 Logix Designer Versions 21 and later and RSLogix 5000: Versions 16 through 20 are vulnerable because an unauthenticated attacker could bypass this verification mechanism and authenticate with Rockwell Automation CompactLogix 1768, 1769, 5370, 5380, 5480: ControlLogix 5550, 5560, 5570, 5580; DriveLogix 5560, 5730, 1794-L34; Compact GuardLogix 5370, 5380; GuardLogix 5570, 5580; SoftLogix 5800.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22681"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-03T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Rockwell Automation Studio 5000 Logix Designer Versions 21 and later, and RSLogix 5000 Versions 16 through 20 use a key to verify Logix controllers are communicating with Rockwell Automation CompactLogix 1768, 1769, 5370, 5380, 5480: ControlLogix 5550, 5560, 5570, 5580; DriveLogix 5560, 5730, 1794-L34; Compact GuardLogix 5370, 5380; GuardLogix 5570, 5580; SoftLogix 5800. Rockwell Automation Studio 5000 Logix Designer Versions 21 and later and RSLogix 5000: Versions 16 through 20 are vulnerable because an unauthenticated attacker could bypass this verification mechanism and authenticate with Rockwell Automation CompactLogix 1768, 1769, 5370, 5380, 5480: ControlLogix 5550, 5560, 5570, 5580; DriveLogix 5560, 5730, 1794-L34; Compact GuardLogix 5370, 5380; GuardLogix 5570, 5580; SoftLogix 5800.",
"id": "GHSA-pvh9-p4pw-h78q",
"modified": "2026-03-05T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22681"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-056-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-22681"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PVJ2-QWHC-2M88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-02 00:31 – Updated: 2024-02-07 18:30In Rapid Software LLC's Rapid SCADA versions prior to Version 5.8.4, the affected product stores plaintext credentials in various places. This may allow an attacker with local access to see them.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21869"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-256",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-02T00:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Rapid Software LLC\u0027s Rapid SCADA versions prior to\u00a0Version 5.8.4, the affected product stores plaintext credentials in various places. This may allow an attacker with local access to see them.\n",
"id": "GHSA-pvj2-qwhc-2m88",
"modified": "2024-02-07T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-02-02T00:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rapidscada.org/contact"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-011-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWC4-HFX3-7QW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 03:31 – Updated: 2024-12-04 03:31A vulnerability in Veeam Backup & Replication allows users with certain operator roles to expose saved credentials by leveraging a combination of methods in a remote management interface. This can be achieved using a session object that allows for credential enumeration and exploitation, leading to the leak of plaintext credentials to a malicious host. The attack is facilitated by improper usage of a method that allows operators to add a new host with an attacker-controlled IP, enabling them to retrieve sensitive credentials in plaintext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T02:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Veeam Backup \u0026 Replication allows users with certain operator roles to expose saved credentials by leveraging a combination of methods in a remote management interface. This can be achieved using a session object that allows for credential enumeration and exploitation, leading to the leak of plaintext credentials to a malicious host. The attack is facilitated by improper usage of a method that allows operators to add a new host with an attacker-controlled IP, enabling them to retrieve sensitive credentials in plaintext.",
"id": "GHSA-pwc4-hfx3-7qw8",
"modified": "2024-12-04T03:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T03:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.veeam.com/kb4693"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWC7-4JWG-RQG5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 03:31OpenClaw before 2026.6.5 could forward Authorization headers during MCP SSE redirects. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could execute or persist actions beyond the caller's intended authorization. Impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach the affected path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T02:18:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.6.5 could forward Authorization headers during MCP SSE redirects. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could execute or persist actions beyond the caller\u0027s intended authorization. Impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach the affected path.",
"id": "GHSA-pwc7-4jwg-rqg5",
"modified": "2026-07-17T03:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T03:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-9c3v-684m-579c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-authorization-header-forwarding-via-sse"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWCG-7WJ6-M8GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-29 21:31In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.1 credentials could be exposed in thread names
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T19:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2026.1 credentials could be exposed in thread names",
"id": "GHSA-pwcg-7wj6-m8gv",
"modified": "2026-05-29T21:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T21:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWW2-WM88-CP3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:15 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33In IQrouter through 3.3.1, there is a root user without a password, which allows attackers to gain full remote access via SSH.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-21T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In IQrouter through 3.3.1, there is a root user without a password, which allows attackers to gain full remote access via SSH.",
"id": "GHSA-pww2-wm88-cp3p",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:15:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://evenroute.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://evenroute.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/216107838-How-do-I-configure-an-IQrouter-"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-quick-start/walkthrough_login"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pastebin.com/grSCSBSu"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PX35-M227-24JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-05 15:31 – Updated: 2025-02-27 18:31Username Enumeration vulnerabilities allow access to application level username add, delete, modify and list functions. Affected products:
ABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.08.02; NEXUS Series v3.08.02; MATRIX Series v3.08.02
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51545"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-05T13:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Username Enumeration vulnerabilities allow access to application level username add, delete, modify and list functions.\u00a0\nAffected products:\n\n\nABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.08.02; \nNEXUS Series v3.08.02; \nMATRIX Series v3.08.02",
"id": "GHSA-px35-m227-24jv",
"modified": "2025-02-27T18:31:03Z",
"published": "2024-12-05T15:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=9AKK108469A7497\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-PX55-4C85-RGHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-26 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-26 18:30IBM Common Licensing 9.0 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-256",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-26T16:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Common Licensing 9.0 stores user credentials in plain clear text which can be read by a local user.",
"id": "GHSA-px55-4c85-rghr",
"modified": "2025-01-26T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-01-26T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7161947"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PXGR-RC8G-PJ7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 20:55Jenkins crittercism-dsym Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:crittercism-dsym"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T20:55:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins crittercism-dsym Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in job `config.xml` files on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-pxgr-rc8g-pj7r",
"modified": "2023-10-26T20:55:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-1063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins crittercism-dsym Plugin stores API key in plain text"
}
GHSA-PXPQ-HVQ2-X6WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-10 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-14 00:01An unprotected ssh private key exists on the Gryphon devices which could be used to achieve root access to a server affiliated with Gryphon's development and infrastructure. At the time of discovery, the ssh key could be used to login to the development server hosted in Amazon Web Services.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-09T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unprotected ssh private key exists on the Gryphon devices which could be used to achieve root access to a server affiliated with Gryphon\u0027s development and infrastructure. At the time of discovery, the ssh key could be used to login to the development server hosted in Amazon Web Services.",
"id": "GHSA-pxpq-hvq2-x6wx",
"modified": "2021-12-14T00:01:21Z",
"published": "2021-12-10T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.