CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
2019 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X426-X7CC-3FPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-11 13:27 – Updated: 2026-06-11 13:27Impact
Wreck strips credential headers (Authorization, Cookie, Proxy-Authorization) before following a cross-origin redirect, but the origin check compares hostnames only and ignores scheme and port. As a result, credentials are forwarded intact across same-host port changes and HTTPS-to-HTTP downgrades, allowing a co-tenant on an adjacent port or a network-position attacker capable of forging a redirect to capture bearer tokens, session cookies, and proxy credentials and impersonate the victim against the upstream service. The fix replaces the hostname comparison with a full-origin comparison (scheme, host, and port), aligning the behavior with the WHATWG Fetch same-origin definition used by browsers.
Patches
Upgrade to >= 18.1.2.
Workarounds
- Set
redirects: 0(default) and handle redirects manually with a strict origin check. - Use the
beforeRedirecthook to inspect the redirect target and abort or strip sensitive headers before the follow-on request.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@hapi/wreck"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "18.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48022"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-319",
"CWE-346",
"CWE-522",
"CWE-940"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-11T13:27:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWreck strips credential headers (Authorization, Cookie, Proxy-Authorization) before following a cross-origin redirect, but the origin check compares hostnames only and ignores scheme and port. As a result, credentials are forwarded intact across same-host port changes and HTTPS-to-HTTP downgrades, allowing a co-tenant on an adjacent port or a network-position attacker capable of forging a redirect to capture bearer tokens, session cookies, and proxy credentials and impersonate the victim against the upstream service. The fix replaces the hostname comparison with a full-origin comparison (scheme, host, and port), aligning the behavior with the WHATWG Fetch same-origin definition used by browsers.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to \u003e= 18.1.2.\n\n### Workarounds\n- Set `redirects: 0` (default) and handle redirects manually with a strict origin check.\n- Use the `beforeRedirect` hook to inspect the redirect target and abort or strip sensitive headers before the follow-on request.",
"id": "GHSA-x426-x7cc-3fpc",
"modified": "2026-06-11T13:27:05Z",
"published": "2026-06-11T13:27:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hapijs/wreck/security/advisories/GHSA-x426-x7cc-3fpc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hapijs/wreck/commit/b93323b63ad3adb14d2b4019d77219182211641e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hapijs/wreck"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@hapi/wreck: Sensitive credential headers leak across cross-port and cross-scheme redirects"
}
GHSA-X464-R7F4-GJ3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 15:43Jenkins Koji Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file org.jenkinsci.plugins.koji.KojiBuilder.xml on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:koji"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10298"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T15:43:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Jenkins Koji Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file `org.jenkinsci.plugins.koji.KojiBuilder.xml` on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
"id": "GHSA-x464-r7f4-gj3m",
"modified": "2023-10-26T15:43:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-1092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Koji Plugin stores credentials in plain text"
}
GHSA-X4CG-7V4W-VQHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:06An issue was discovered in Serpico (aka SimplE RePort wrIting and CollaboratiOn tool) 1.3.0. An admin can change their password without providing the current password, by using interfaces outside the Change Password screen. Thus, requiring the admin to enter an Old Password value on the Change Password screen does not enhance security. This is problematic in conjunction with XSS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-15T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Serpico (aka SimplE RePort wrIting and CollaboratiOn tool) 1.3.0. An admin can change their password without providing the current password, by using interfaces outside the Change Password screen. Thus, requiring the admin to enter an Old Password value on the Change Password screen does not enhance security. This is problematic in conjunction with XSS.",
"id": "GHSA-x4cg-7v4w-vqhc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:06:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:06:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://websec.nl/news.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X4M4-RGQ3-WF3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-31 00:30 – Updated: 2023-02-07 21:30A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32520. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32518"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-30T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32520. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)",
"id": "GHSA-x4m4-rgq3-wf3x",
"modified": "2023-02-07T21:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-01-31T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2022-165-04_+Data_Center_Expert_Security_Notification.pdf\u0026p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-165-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4M5-J4X4-4WJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 17:52Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 do not properly restrict access to API tokens which might allow remote administrators to gain privileges and run scripts by using an API token of another user.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.625.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.626"
},
{
"fixed": "1.638"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-13T17:52:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2015-11-25T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 do not properly restrict access to API tokens which might allow remote administrators to gain privileges and run scripts by using an API token of another user.",
"id": "GHSA-x4m5-j4x4-4wjg",
"modified": "2025-03-13T17:52:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:30:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/b3f16489ad5f15c3e749ed066cf6b4251f6668c6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0070"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/SECURITY/Jenkins+Security+Advisory+2015-11-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0489.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins allows Administrators to Access API Tokens"
}
GHSA-X4QP-7WVJ-8C69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-22 00:00On Verizon 5G Home LVSKIHP InDoorUnit (IDU) 3.4.66.162 and OutDoorUnit (ODU) 3.33.101.0 devices, the CRTC and ODU RPC endpoints rely on a static certificate for access control. This certificate is embedded in the firmware, and is identical across the fleet of devices. An attacker need only download this firmware and extract the private components of these certificates (from /etc/lighttpd.d/ca.pem and /etc/lighttpd.d/server.pem) to gain access. (The firmware download location is shown in a device's upgrade logs.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28371"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-14T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On Verizon 5G Home LVSKIHP InDoorUnit (IDU) 3.4.66.162 and OutDoorUnit (ODU) 3.33.101.0 devices, the CRTC and ODU RPC endpoints rely on a static certificate for access control. This certificate is embedded in the firmware, and is identical across the fleet of devices. An attacker need only download this firmware and extract the private components of these certificates (from /etc/lighttpd.d/ca.pem and /etc/lighttpd.d/server.pem) to gain access. (The firmware download location is shown in a device\u0027s upgrade logs.)",
"id": "GHSA-x4qp-7wvj-8c69",
"modified": "2022-07-22T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-07-15T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JousterL/SecWriteups/blob/main/Verizon%20LVSKIHP%205G%20Modem/readme.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.verizon.com/info/reportsecurityvulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X58F-9H5M-89HM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-22 03:31 – Updated: 2024-12-06 00:31The insufficiently protected credentials vulnerability in the CLI command of the USG FLEX H series uOS firmware version V1.21 and earlier versions could allow an authenticated local attacker to gain privilege escalation by stealing the authentication token of a login administrator. Note that this attack could be successful only if the administrator has not logged out.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9677"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-22T02:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The insufficiently protected credentials vulnerability in the CLI command of the USG FLEX H series uOS firmware version V1.21 and earlier versions\u00a0could allow an authenticated local attacker to gain privilege escalation by stealing the authentication token of a login administrator. Note that this attack could be successful only if the administrator has not logged out.",
"id": "GHSA-x58f-9h5m-89hm",
"modified": "2024-12-06T00:31:46Z",
"published": "2024-10-22T03:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9677"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-insufficiently-protected-credentials-vulnerability-in-firewalls-10-22-2024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5MF-HM8F-322C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:32Insufficiently protected credentials in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:18:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficiently protected credentials in Microsoft Office allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-x5mf-hm8f-322c",
"modified": "2026-09-08T18:32:07Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T18:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-64918"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X62W-G776-JM7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49Plaintext Storage of Passwords within Cookies in /var/www/xms/application/controllers/verifyLogin.php in the administrative console in Dialogic PowerMedia XMS before 3.5 SU2 allows remote attackers to access a user's password in cleartext.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11639"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-03T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Plaintext Storage of Passwords within Cookies in /var/www/xms/application/controllers/verifyLogin.php in the administrative console in Dialogic PowerMedia XMS before 3.5 SU2 allows remote attackers to access a user\u0027s password in cleartext.",
"id": "GHSA-x62w-g776-jm7x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://d3adend.org/blog/?p=1398"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X64H-J64M-8VMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:51 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:51Technicolor CWA0101 CWA0101E-A23E-c7000r5712-170315-SKC devices allow remote attackers to discover Wi-Fi credentials via iso.3.6.1.4.1.4413.2.2.2.1.5.4.1.14.1.3.10001 and 1.3.6.1.4.1.4413.2.2.2.1.18.1.2.3.4.1.2.10001 SNMP requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-25T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Technicolor CWA0101 CWA0101E-A23E-c7000r5712-170315-SKC devices allow remote attackers to discover Wi-Fi credentials via iso.3.6.1.4.1.4413.2.2.2.1.5.4.1.14.1.3.10001 and 1.3.6.1.4.1.4413.2.2.2.1.18.1.2.3.4.1.2.10001 SNMP requests.",
"id": "GHSA-x64h-j64m-8vmm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:51:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:51:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://misteralfa-hack.blogspot.com/2018/12/technicolor-passwords-wireless-via-snmp.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.