CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6389-F72R-34JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32IBM Cloud Private 3.1.1 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 153319.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-05T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Cloud Private 3.1.1 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 153319.",
"id": "GHSA-6389-f72r-34jm",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/153319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10871652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107302"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-639F-HXCV-84MC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:43rdiffweb prior to version 2.5.4 has an Open Redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "rdiffweb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-22T20:02:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "rdiffweb prior to version 2.5.4 has an Open Redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-639f-hxcv-84mc",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:43:08Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb/commit/5f861670ef8f38ca8eea52a98672d0e0fabb5368"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/rdiffweb/PYSEC-2022-43003.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/77e5f425-c764-4cb0-936a-7a76bfcf19b0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "rdiffweb Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-63X6-9WF8-MMHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FunnelKit Automation By Autonami allows Phishing. This issue affects Automation By Autonami: from n/a through 3.5.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30795"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in FunnelKit Automation By Autonami allows Phishing. This issue affects Automation By Autonami: from n/a through 3.5.1.",
"id": "GHSA-63x6-9wf8-mmhm",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:06Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T12:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-marketing-automations/vulnerability/wordpress-automation-by-autonami-plugin-3-5-1-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6432-C556-JJQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:38The Wise Chat plugin before 2.7 for WordPress mishandles external links because rendering/filters/post/WiseChatLinksPostFilter.php omits noopener and noreferrer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6780"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-24T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Wise Chat plugin before 2.7 for WordPress mishandles external links because rendering/filters/post/WiseChatLinksPostFilter.php omits noopener and noreferrer.",
"id": "GHSA-6432-c556-jjq9",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:38:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:38:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2016929/wise-chat/trunk/src/rendering/filters/post/WiseChatLinksPostFilter.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wise-chat/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46247"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64WM-87JC-34MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21A security feature bypass vulnerability exists when Microsoft Office does not validate URLs.An attacker could send a victim a specially crafted file, which could trick the victim into entering credentials, aka 'Microsoft Office Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-05T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security feature bypass vulnerability exists when Microsoft Office does not validate URLs.An attacker could send a victim a specially crafted file, which could trick the victim into entering credentials, aka \u0027Microsoft Office Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-64wm-87jc-34mv",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106863"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6553-8H6R-VXXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37The digest generation function of NHIServiSignAdapter has not been verified for source file path, which leads to the SMB request being redirected to a malicious host, resulting in the leakage of user's credential.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25846"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-31T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The digest generation function of NHIServiSignAdapter has not been verified for source file path, which leads to the SMB request being redirected to a malicious host, resulting in the leakage of user\u0027s credential.",
"id": "GHSA-6553-8h6r-vxxh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:37:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4274-7bd65-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6573-6M2P-M3WH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-31 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-31 12:00U-Office Force login function has an Open Redirect vulnerability. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to redirect user to arbitrary website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-39021"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-31T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "U-Office Force login function has an Open Redirect vulnerability. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to redirect user to arbitrary website.",
"id": "GHSA-6573-6m2p-m3wh",
"modified": "2022-10-31T12:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-10-31T12:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-6636-a35ed-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-65CH-J3GF-4M56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-09 18:31A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a targeted Webex Meetings user to an untrusted website. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Meetings service, and no customer action is needed.
This vulnerability existed because of insufficient validation of URLs that were included in a meeting-join URL. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by including a URL to a website of their choosing in a specific value of a Cisco Webex Meetings join URL. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to redirect a targeted user to a website that was controlled by the attacker, possibly making the user more likely to believe the website was trusted by Webex and perform additional actions as part of phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20291"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T18:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a targeted Webex Meetings user to an untrusted website. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Meetings service, and no customer action is needed.\n\n This vulnerability existed because of insufficient validation of URLs that were included in a meeting-join URL. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by including a URL to a website of their choosing in a specific value of a Cisco Webex Meetings join URL. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to redirect a targeted user to a website that was controlled by the attacker, possibly making the user more likely to believe the website was trusted by Webex and perform additional actions as part of phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-65ch-j3gf-4m56",
"modified": "2025-09-09T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T18:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-webex-urlredirect-uK8dDJSZ"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-65VR-563M-2GM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30SAP NetWeaver AS Java, versions - 7.10, 7.11, 7.20, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, 7.50, Start Page allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient reverse tabnabbing URL validation. The attacker could execute phishing attacks to steal credentials of the victim or to redirect users to untrusted web pages containing malware or similar malicious exploits.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6365"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-15T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP NetWeaver AS Java, versions - 7.10, 7.11, 7.20, 7.30, 7.31, 7.40, 7.50, Start Page allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient reverse tabnabbing URL validation. The attacker could execute phishing attacks to steal credentials of the victim or to redirect users to untrusted web pages containing malware or similar malicious exploits.",
"id": "GHSA-65vr-563m-2gm8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2969828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=558632196"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-66CM-JPVW-C835
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:05 – Updated: 2022-11-09 19:02CrushFTP through 8.3.0 is vulnerable to credentials theft via URL redirection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CrushFTP through 8.3.0 is vulnerable to credentials theft via URL redirection.",
"id": "GHSA-66cm-jpvw-c835",
"modified": "2022-11-09T19:02:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:05:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://il.linkedin.com/in/yuval-orenstein-9a6698106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.crushftp.com/version8_build.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.