CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2304 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XPWH-4XMJ-5WRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-09 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-15 18:30An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 to 15.7.8, 15.8 prior to 15.8.4 and 15.9 prior to 15.9.2. A crafted URL could be used to redirect users to arbitrary sites
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 to 15.7.8, 15.8 prior to 15.8.4 and 15.9 prior to 15.9.2. A crafted URL could be used to redirect users to arbitrary sites",
"id": "GHSA-xpwh-4xmj-5wrc",
"modified": "2023-03-15T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-03-09T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1711497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-3381.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/376046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR47-8JMM-28WQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-03 12:30A URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Fortinet FortiAuthenticator version 6.6.0, version 6.5.3 and below, version 6.4.9 and below may allow an attacker to to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-03T10:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection to untrusted site (\u0027open redirect\u0027) in Fortinet FortiAuthenticator version 6.6.0, version 6.5.3 and below, version 6.4.9 and below may allow an attacker to to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-xr47-8jmm-28wq",
"modified": "2024-06-03T12:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-06-03T12:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-465"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR6Q-QCGJ-7PRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-04 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:23The Protect WP Admin WordPress plugin before 4.0 discloses the URL of the admin panel via a redirection of a crafted URL, bypassing the protection offered.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3139"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-203",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-04T08:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Protect WP Admin WordPress plugin before 4.0 discloses the URL of the admin panel via a redirection of a crafted URL, bypassing the protection offered.",
"id": "GHSA-xr6q-qcgj-7prg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:23:07Z",
"published": "2023-07-04T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3139"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://magos-securitas.com/txt/CVE-2023-3139.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/f8a29aee-19cd-4e62-b829-afc9107f69bd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRG2-49WJ-F33V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2025-03-21 18:31Open redirect vulnerability in WordPress Download Manager prior to version 2.9.51 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-07T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in WordPress Download Manager prior to version 2.9.51 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-xrg2-49wj-f33v",
"modified": "2025-03-21T18:31:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:26:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN79738260/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/1650075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/download-manager/#developers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRJ3-VMWR-69X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Open redirection vulnerability due to insufficient validation of the X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header. An attacker could create manipulated links that, when opened by a victim, cause the victim to be redirected to domains controlled by the attacker, enabling phishing or deception attacks with limited impact on confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:19:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirection vulnerability due to insufficient validation of the X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header. An attacker could create manipulated links that, when opened by a victim, cause the victim to be redirected to domains controlled by the attacker, enabling phishing or deception attacks with limited impact on confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-xrj3-vmwr-69x4",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-password-manager"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRJ7-4GFH-Q9H7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-24 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 95.0.4638.69 allowed a remote attacker to arbitrarily browser to a malicious URL via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-23T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 95.0.4638.69 allowed a remote attacker to arbitrarily browser to a malicious URL via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-xrj7-4gfh-q9h7",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:26Z",
"published": "2021-11-24T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1249962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3W46HRT2UVHWSLZB6JZHQF6JNQWKV744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3W46HRT2UVHWSLZB6JZHQF6JNQWKV744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-38000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5046"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRQ8-VF9X-QH4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:29When processing Deeplink scheme, Happypoint mobile app 6.3.19 and earlier versions doesn't check Deeplink URL correctly. This could lead to javascript code execution, url redirection, sensitive information disclosure. An attacker can exploit this issue by enticing an unsuspecting user to open a specific malicious URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When processing Deeplink scheme, Happypoint mobile app 6.3.19 and earlier versions doesn\u0027t check Deeplink URL correctly. This could lead to javascript code execution, url redirection, sensitive information disclosure. An attacker can exploit this issue by enticing an unsuspecting user to open a specific malicious URL.",
"id": "GHSA-xrq8-vf9x-qh4p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:29:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35103"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XVH6-6336-2243
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-29 21:30There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57878"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-29T19:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-xvh6-6336-2243",
"modified": "2025-09-29T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-09-29T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57878"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/trust-arcgis/administration/portal-for-arcgis-security-2025-update-3-patch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XVWV-6WVX-PX9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-01-04 17:47 – Updated: 2024-10-18 21:54By linking to a specific url in Plone 2.5-5.1rc1 with a parameter, an attacker could send you to his own website. On its own this is not so bad: the attacker could more easily link directly to his own website instead. But in combination with another attack, you could be sent to the Plone login form and login, then get redirected to the specific url, and then get a second redirect to the attacker website.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000484"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T22:04:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "By linking to a specific url in Plone 2.5-5.1rc1 with a parameter, an attacker could send you to his own website. On its own this is not so bad: the attacker could more easily link directly to his own website instead. But in combination with another attack, you could be sent to the Plone login form and login, then get redirected to the specific url, and then get a second redirect to the attacker website. ",
"id": "GHSA-xvwv-6wvx-px9x",
"modified": "2024-10-18T21:54:05Z",
"published": "2019-01-04T17:47:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.CMFPlone/issues/2232"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xvwv-6wvx-px9x"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Plone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2018-73.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20171128/an-open-redirection-when-calling-a-specific-url"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Plone Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-XW33-RCW2-JHHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-22 06:30 – Updated: 2025-07-22 06:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Sanluan PublicCMS up to 5.202506.a. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file publiccms-parent/publiccms/src/main/webapp/resource/plugins/pdfjs/viewer.html. The manipulation of the argument File leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named f1af17af004ca9345c6fe4d5936d87d008d26e75. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-22T04:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Sanluan PublicCMS up to 5.202506.a. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file publiccms-parent/publiccms/src/main/webapp/resource/plugins/pdfjs/viewer.html. The manipulation of the argument File leads to open redirect. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named f1af17af004ca9345c6fe4d5936d87d008d26e75. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-xw33-rcw2-jhhm",
"modified": "2025-07-22T06:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-07-22T06:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/issues/88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sanluan/PublicCMS/commit/f1af17af004ca9345c6fe4d5936d87d008d26e75"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.317099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.317099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.619279"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.