Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-XH43-G2FQ-WJRJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 22:41 – Updated: 2026-02-25 22:41
VLAI
Summary
Angular SSR has an Open Redirect via X-Forwarded-Prefix
Details

An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the internal URL processing logic in Angular SSR. The logic normalizes URL segments by stripping leading slashes; however, it only removes a single leading slash.

When an Angular SSR application is deployed behind a proxy that passes the X-Forwarded-Prefix header, an attacker can provide a value starting with three slashes (e.g., ///evil.com).

  1. The application processes a redirect (e.g., from a router redirectTo or i18n locale switch).
  2. Angular receives ///evil.com as the prefix.
  3. It strips one slash, leaving //evil.com.
  4. The resulting string is used in the Location header.
  5. Modern browsers interpret // as a protocol-relative URL, redirecting the user from https://your-app.com to https://evil.com.

Impact

This vulnerability allows attackers to conduct large-scale phishing and SEO hijacking: - Scale: A single request can poison a high-traffic route, impacting all users until the cache expires. - SEO Poisoning: Search engine crawlers may follow and index these malicious redirects, causing the legitimate site to be delisted or associated with malicious domains. - Trust: Because the initial URL belongs to the trusted domain, users and security tools are less likely to flag the redirect as malicious.

Attack Preconditions

  • The application must use Angular SSR.
  • The application must have routes that perform internal redirects.
  • The infrastructure (Reverse Proxy/CDN) must pass the X-Forwarded-Prefix header to the SSR process without sanitization.
  • The cache must not vary on the X-Forwarded-Prefix header.

Patches

  • 21.2.0-rc.1
  • 21.1.5
  • 20.3.17
  • 19.2.21

Workarounds

Until the patch is applied, developers should sanitize the X-Forwarded-Prefix header in theirserver.ts before the Angular engine processes the request:

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  const prefix = req.headers['x-forwarded-prefix']?.trim();
  if (prefix) {
    // Sanitize by removing all leading slashes
    req.headers['x-forwarded-prefix'] = prefix.replace(/^[/\\]+/, '/');
  }
  next();
});

Resources

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 21.2.0-rc.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@angular/ssr"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "21.2.0-next.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "21.2.0-rc.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@angular/ssr"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "21.0.0-next.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "21.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@angular/ssr"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "20.0.0-next.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "20.3.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@angular/ssr"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.0.0-next.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.2.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27738"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T22:41:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T17:25:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the internal URL processing logic in Angular SSR. The logic normalizes URL segments by stripping leading slashes; however, it only removes a single leading slash.\n\nWhen an Angular SSR application is deployed behind a proxy that passes the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header, an attacker can provide a value starting with three slashes (e.g., `///evil.com`).\n\n1. The application processes a redirect (e.g., from a router `redirectTo` or i18n locale switch).\n2. Angular receives `///evil.com` as the prefix.\n3. It strips one slash, leaving `//evil.com`.\n4. The resulting string is used in the `Location` header.\n5. Modern browsers interpret `//` as a protocol-relative URL, redirecting the user from `https://your-app.com` to `https://evil.com`.\n\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to conduct large-scale phishing and SEO hijacking:\n- **Scale:** A single request can poison a high-traffic route, impacting all users until the cache expires.\n- **SEO Poisoning:** Search engine crawlers may follow and index these malicious redirects, causing the legitimate site to be delisted or associated with malicious domains.\n- **Trust:** Because the initial URL belongs to the trusted domain, users and security tools are less likely to flag the redirect as malicious.\n\n### Attack Preconditions\n\n- The application must use Angular SSR.\n- The application must have routes that perform internal redirects.\n- The infrastructure (Reverse Proxy/CDN) must pass the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header to the SSR process without sanitization.\n- The cache must not vary on the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header.\n\n### Patches\n- 21.2.0-rc.1\n- 21.1.5\n- 20.3.17\n- 19.2.21\n\n### Workarounds\nUntil the patch is applied, developers should sanitize the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header in their`server.ts` before the Angular engine processes the request:\n\n```ts\napp.use((req, res, next) =\u003e {\n  const prefix = req.headers[\u0027x-forwarded-prefix\u0027]?.trim();\n  if (prefix) {\n    // Sanitize by removing all leading slashes\n    req.headers[\u0027x-forwarded-prefix\u0027] = prefix.replace(/^[/\\\\]+/, \u0027/\u0027);\n  }\n  next();\n});\n\n```\n\n### Resources\n- [Report](https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/issues/32501)\n- [Fix](https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/pull/32521)",
  "id": "GHSA-xh43-g2fq-wjrj",
  "modified": "2026-02-25T22:41:57Z",
  "published": "2026-02-25T22:41:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/security/advisories/GHSA-xh43-g2fq-wjrj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27738"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/issues/32501"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/pull/32521"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/commit/f086eccc36d10cf01c426e35864bc32e1e292323"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular-cli"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Angular SSR has an Open Redirect via X-Forwarded-Prefix"
}

GHSA-XH4M-99QP-W483

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:05 – Updated: 2024-03-01 23:43
VLAI
Summary
Cloud Foundry UAA open redirect
Details

Cloud Foundry UAA, versions later than 4.6.0 and prior to 4.19.0 except 4.10.1 and 4.7.5 and uaa-release versions later than v48 and prior to v60 except v55.1 and v52.9, does not validate redirect URL values on a form parameter used for internal UAA redirects on the login page, allowing open redirects. A remote attacker can craft a malicious link that, when clicked, will redirect users to arbitrary websites after a successful login attempt.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.7.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.12.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.cloudfoundry.identity:cloudfoundry-identity-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.19.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11041"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-01T23:43:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-25T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cloud Foundry UAA, versions later than 4.6.0 and prior to 4.19.0 except 4.10.1 and 4.7.5 and uaa-release versions later than v48 and prior to v60 except v55.1 and v52.9, does not validate redirect URL values on a form parameter used for internal UAA redirects on the login page, allowing open redirects. A remote attacker can craft a malicious link that, when clicked, will redirect users to arbitrary websites after a successful login attempt.",
  "id": "GHSA-xh4m-99qp-w483",
  "modified": "2024-03-01T23:43:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:05:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11041"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/238ce572fdaebbb8357b265d2f77eb9761199a09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/57a15dfb7e0e3a59019ebe951793b586512b196"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/7a8f157f7e2feed2d0ebb63b163ff735b6340b9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/7d750e036cd52c5d30e73e28cbcae23126d7154"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/83c8627c2da7845043b65e6ba354a64b4f9c6e2f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/8a599448781acd481aa9dab1b0bde3424e00ced"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/d17b23fc3bf9b86f111774925afadfced75315c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa/commit/f6362a8f1865314aa507fc5de772848b7e55236"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudfoundry/uaa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/blog/cve-2018-11041"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cloud Foundry UAA open redirect"
}

GHSA-XHJ8-R9JM-FF9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-16 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

An Open Redirection vulnerability exists in Uffizio's GPS Tracker all versions allows an attacker to construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-17484"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-16T01:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Open Redirection vulnerability exists in Uffizio\u0027s GPS Tracker all versions allows an attacker to construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain.",
  "id": "GHSA-xhj8-r9jm-ff9x",
  "modified": "2023-12-20T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-12-16T03:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17484"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-21-287-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.uffizio.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJCC-GRX3-24P5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-14 18:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:40
VLAI
Details

An issue in IceWarp Mail Server Deep Castle 2 v.13.0.1.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request to the URL.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-40779"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-14T18:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue in IceWarp Mail Server Deep Castle 2 v.13.0.1.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted request to the URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjcc-grx3-24p5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:40:52Z",
  "published": "2023-09-14T18:32:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40779"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/%40muthumohanprasath.r/open-redirection-vulnerability-on-icewarp-webclient-product-cve-2023-40779-61176503710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://medium.com/@muthumohanprasath.r/open-redirection-vulnerability-on-icewarp-webclient-product-cve-2023-40779-61176503710"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJJG-VMW6-C2P9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-08-27 17:44 – Updated: 2024-09-20 21:26
VLAI
Summary
Open Redirect in httpie
Details

All versions of the HTTPie package prior to version 1.0.3 are vulnerable to Open Redirect that allows an attacker to write an arbitrary file with supplied filename and content to the current directory, by redirecting a request from HTTP to a crafted URL pointing to a server in his or hers control.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "httpie"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10751"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2019-08-27T17:27:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-08-23T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of the HTTPie package prior to version 1.0.3 are vulnerable to Open Redirect that allows an attacker to write an arbitrary file with supplied filename and content to the current directory, by redirecting a request from HTTP to a crafted URL pointing to a server in his or hers control.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjjg-vmw6-c2p9",
  "modified": "2024-09-20T21:26:30Z",
  "published": "2019-08-27T17:44:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10751"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xjjg-vmw6-c2p9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie/releases/tag/1.0.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/httpie/PYSEC-2019-23.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/09/msg00031.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-HTTPIE-460107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00003.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00022.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Open Redirect in httpie"
}

GHSA-XM6H-XRXM-VR76

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31
VLAI
Details

Improper validation of a login parameter may allow attackers to redirect users to malicious websites after authentication. This can lead to various risk including stealing credentials from unsuspecting users.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22912"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T13:16:05Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper validation of a login parameter may allow attackers to redirect users to malicious websites after authentication. This can lead to various risk including stealing credentials from unsuspecting users.",
  "id": "GHSA-xm6h-xrxm-vr76",
  "modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
  "published": "2026-01-15T15:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0001.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XMC5-26P9-V4X6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:09
VLAI
Details

WebExtensions could use the "mozAddonManager" API by modifying the CSP headers on sites with the appropriate permissions and then using host requests to redirect script loads to a malicious site. This allows a malicious extension to then install additional extensions without explicit user permission. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 51.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-5389"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-06-11T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "WebExtensions could use the \"mozAddonManager\" API by modifying the CSP headers on sites with the appropriate permissions and then using host requests to redirect script loads to a malicious site. This allows a malicious extension to then install additional extensions without explicit user permission. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 51.",
  "id": "GHSA-xmc5-26p9-v4x6",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:09:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:09:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5389"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1308688"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2017-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037693"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XMMF-X347-442H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-10 00:00
VLAI
Details

Open Redirect vulnerability exists in SeedDMS 6.0.15 in out.Login.php, which llows remote malicious users to redirect users to malicious sites using the "referuri" parameter.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-45408"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Open Redirect vulnerability exists in SeedDMS 6.0.15 in out.Login.php, which llows remote malicious users to redirect users to malicious sites using the \"referuri\" parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-xmmf-x347-442h",
  "modified": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
  "published": "2022-02-10T00:00:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sunil-singh.notion.site/SeedDMS-6-0-15-Open-Redirect-85be8b681b2947a2a75e7416cb56670c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-XMMG-4CV8-23PX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-16 21:32
VLAI
Details

DOM-based HTML injection vulnerability in the main page of Darktrace Threat Visualizer version 6.1.27 (bundle version 61050) and before has been identified. A URL, crafted by a remote attacker and visited by an authenticated user, allows open redirect and potential credential stealing using an injected HTML form.

Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-22854"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-16T09:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "DOM-based HTML injection vulnerability in the main page of Darktrace Threat Visualizer version 6.1.27 (bundle version 61050) and before has been identified. A URL, crafted by a remote attacker and visited by an authenticated user, allows open redirect and potential credential stealing using an injected HTML form.",
  "id": "GHSA-xmmg-4cv8-23px",
  "modified": "2024-08-16T21:32:35Z",
  "published": "2024-02-16T09:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22854"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tomekwasiak.pl/cve-2024-22854"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XP3V-XRXH-VPV7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:45 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:45
VLAI
Details

Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession version 4.7.0 and earlier allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-2166"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-26T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession version 4.7.0 and earlier allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-xp3v-xrxh-vpv7",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:45:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:45:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2166"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN26200083/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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