CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X5WP-RG6R-3PMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in smp7, wp.Insider Simple Membership After Login Redirection.This issue affects Simple Membership After Login Redirection: from n/a through 1.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47354"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T19:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in smp7, wp.Insider Simple Membership After Login Redirection.This issue affects Simple Membership After Login Redirection: from n/a through 1.6.",
"id": "GHSA-x5wp-rg6r-3pmj",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:01Z",
"published": "2024-10-10T21:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/simple-membership-after-login-redirection/vulnerability/wordpress-simple-membership-after-login-redirection-plugin-1-6-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/simple-membership-after-login-redirection/wordpress-simple-membership-after-login-redirection-plugin-1-6-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5XQ-HF4G-4CGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-09 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-11 00:01The 'Copy Image Link' context menu action would copy the final image URL after redirects. By embedding an image that triggered authentication flows - in conjunction with a Content Security Policy that stopped a redirection chain in the middle - the final image URL could be one that contained an authentication token used to takeover a user account. If a website tricked a user into copy and pasting the image link back to the page, the page would be able to steal the authentication tokens. This was fixed by making the action return the original URL, before any redirects. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 94.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-08T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The \u0027Copy Image Link\u0027 context menu action would copy the final image URL after redirects. By embedding an image that triggered authentication flows - in conjunction with a Content Security Policy that stopped a redirection chain in the middle - the final image URL could be one that contained an authentication token used to takeover a user account. If a website tricked a user into copy and pasting the image link back to the page, the page would be able to steal the authentication tokens. This was fixed by making the action return the original URL, before any redirects. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 94.",
"id": "GHSA-x5xq-hf4g-4cgq",
"modified": "2021-12-11T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2021-12-09T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1719203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-48"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X64P-274C-6633
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-02-11 03:30The User Account and Authentication service (UAA) for SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (SAP HANA XS advanced model) allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a malicious link, that, when clicked by a victim, redirects the browser to a malicious site due to insufficient redirect URL validation. On successful exploitation attacker can cause limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24868"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The User Account and Authentication service (UAA) for SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (SAP HANA XS advanced model) allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a malicious link, that, when clicked by a victim, redirects the browser to a malicious site due to insufficient redirect URL validation. On successful exploitation attacker can cause limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.",
"id": "GHSA-x64p-274c-6633",
"modified": "2025-02-11T03:30:55Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T03:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3563929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X6V2-XMRQ-574J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 20:54 – Updated: 2024-05-15 20:54Drupal core and contributed modules frequently use a "destination" query string parameter in URLs to redirect users to a new destination after completing an action on the current page. Under certain circumstances, malicious users can use this parameter to construct a URL that will trick users into being redirected to a 3rd party website, thereby exposing the users to potential social engineering attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T20:54:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Drupal core and contributed modules frequently use a \"destination\" query string parameter in URLs to redirect users to a new destination after completing an action on the current page. Under certain circumstances, malicious users can use this parameter to construct a URL that will trick users into being redirected to a 3rd party website, thereby exposing the users to potential social engineering attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-x6v2-xmrq-574j",
"modified": "2024-05-15T20:54:52Z",
"published": "2024-05-15T20:54:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/2018-10-17-3.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/drupal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Drupal Anonymous Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-X776-GQ32-GC5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-29 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in AAM Advanced Access Manager – Restricted Content, Users & Roles, Enhanced Security and More.This issue affects Advanced Access Manager – Restricted Content, Users & Roles, Enhanced Security and More: from n/a through 6.9.18.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T14:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in AAM Advanced Access Manager \u2013 Restricted Content, Users \u0026 Roles, Enhanced Security and More.This issue affects Advanced Access Manager \u2013 Restricted Content, Users \u0026 Roles, Enhanced Security and More: from n/a through 6.9.18.",
"id": "GHSA-x776-gq32-gc5c",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:39Z",
"published": "2023-12-29T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/advanced-access-manager/wordpress-advanced-access-manager-plugin-6-9-18-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7QQ-M748-8P2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:31Impact
Probo's saferedirect package validates redirect URLs used across authentication flows (OIDC, SAML, session transfer, OAuth connectors, and trust-center magic links). The validator only inspected the second character of relative paths, so a URL like /../\evil.com passed validation because the second character is .. Go's http.Redirect normalizes this path to /\evil.com before setting the Location header. Browsers can interpret the backslash as a host separator and redirect the user to an external domain (https://evil.com), bypassing the intended same-origin restriction. This enables open-redirect phishing: an attacker can craft a continue parameter (or embed a malicious URL in a session-transfer token) that appears to originate from a trusted Probo domain but redirects victims elsewhere.
Patches
Fixed in go.probo.inc/probo by normalizing relative paths with path.Clean before validation, rejecting backslashes (including
percent-encoded %5c) anywhere in the path, and re-checking the normalized result for protocol-relative and backslash prefixes.
Self-hosted deployments should upgrade to probod v0.194.1 or later.
SaaS deployments on getprobo.com are patched.
Workarounds
No practical workaround for self-hosted installations. Upgrade to the patched release.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "go.probo.inc/probo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.204.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:31:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nProbo\u0027s `saferedirect` package validates redirect URLs used across authentication flows (OIDC, SAML, session transfer, OAuth connectors, and trust-center magic links). The validator only inspected the second character of relative paths, so a URL like `/../\\evil.com` passed validation because the second character is `.`. Go\u0027s `http.Redirect` normalizes this path to `/\\evil.com` before setting the `Location` header. Browsers can interpret the backslash as a host separator and redirect the user to an external domain (`https://evil.com`), bypassing the intended same-origin restriction. This enables open-redirect phishing: an attacker can craft a `continue` parameter (or embed a malicious URL in a session-transfer token) that appears to originate from a trusted Probo domain but redirects victims elsewhere.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in `go.probo.inc/probo` by normalizing relative paths with `path.Clean` before validation, rejecting backslashes (including\npercent-encoded `%5c`) anywhere in the path, and re-checking the normalized result for protocol-relative and backslash prefixes.\n\nSelf-hosted deployments should upgrade to **probod v0.194.1** or later.\n\nSaaS deployments on getprobo.com are patched.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo practical workaround for self-hosted installations. Upgrade to the patched release.",
"id": "GHSA-x7qq-m748-8p2c",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:31:50Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T18:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getprobo/probo/security/advisories/GHSA-x7qq-m748-8p2c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/getprobo/probo"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/getprobo/probo/blob/main/SECURITY_NOTES.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Probo has an open redirect bypass via path normalization"
}
GHSA-X838-8C49-798V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-11 03:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30The Syracom Secure Login plugin before 3.1.1.0 for Jira may allow spoofing of 2FA PIN validation via the plugins/servlet/twofactor/public/pinvalidation target parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22958"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Syracom Secure Login plugin before 3.1.1.0 for Jira may allow spoofing of 2FA PIN validation via the plugins/servlet/twofactor/public/pinvalidation target parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-x838-8c49-798v",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-11T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22958"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/piuppi/Proof-of-Concepts/blob/main/Syracom/SecureLogin2FA-OpenRedirect.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X932-8V84-C3P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). The supported version that is affected is 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Content, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46806"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:53:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Content Server). The supported version that is affected is 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle WebCenter Content. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Content, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle WebCenter Content accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-x932-8v84-c3p2",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:29Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46806"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X937-7247-33M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:46 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:54Open redirect vulnerability in redirect.php in Bitrix Site Manager 6.5 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the goto parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-59",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-05-02T17:05:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in redirect.php in Bitrix Site Manager 6.5 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the goto parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-x937-7247-33m3",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:54:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:46:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://holisticinfosec.org/content/view/62/45"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9C2-W2WV-5PW5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:09Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.40.00 contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker may exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to arbitrary web URLs by tricking the victim users to click on maliciously crafted links.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.40.00 contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker may exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to arbitrary web URLs by tricking the victim users to click on maliciously crafted links.",
"id": "GHSA-x9c2-w2wv-5pw5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:09:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:09:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000189193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.