CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7XF8-X4WH-25C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:02 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:02Characters from languages are such as Arabic, Hebrew are displayed from RTL (Right To Left) order in Opera 37.0.2192.105088 for Android, due to mishandling of several unicode characters such as U+FE70, U+0622, U+0623 etc and how they are rendered combined with (first strong character) such as an IP address or alphabet could lead to a spoofed URL. It was noticed that by placing neutral characters such as "/", "?" in filepath causes the URL to be flipped and displayed from Right To Left. However, in order for the URL to be spoofed the URL must begin with an IP address followed by neutral characters as omnibox considers IP address to be combination of punctuation and numbers and since LTR (Left To Right) direction is not properly enforced, this causes the entire URL to be treated and rendered from RTL (Right To Left). However, it doesn't have be an IP address, what matters is that first strong character (generally, alphabetic character) in the URL must be an RTL character.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-26T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Characters from languages are such as Arabic, Hebrew are displayed from RTL (Right To Left) order in Opera 37.0.2192.105088 for Android, due to mishandling of several unicode characters such as U+FE70, U+0622, U+0623 etc and how they are rendered combined with (first strong character) such as an IP address or alphabet could lead to a spoofed URL. It was noticed that by placing neutral characters such as \"/\", \"?\" in filepath causes the URL to be flipped and displayed from Right To Left. However, in order for the URL to be spoofed the URL must begin with an IP address followed by neutral characters as omnibox considers IP address to be combination of punctuation and numbers and since LTR (Left To Right) direction is not properly enforced, this causes the entire URL to be treated and rendered from RTL (Right To Left). However, it doesn\u0027t have be an IP address, what matters is that first strong character (generally, alphabetic character) in the URL must be an RTL character.",
"id": "GHSA-7xf8-x4wh-25c5",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:02:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:02:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92701"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8279-2HH7-MPV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41SAP UI5, versions - 1.38.49, 1.52.49, 1.60.34, 1.71.31, 1.78.18, 1.84.5, 1.85.4, 1.86.1, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to Reverse Tabnabbing vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21476"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP UI5, versions - 1.38.49, 1.52.49, 1.60.34, 1.71.31, 1.78.18, 1.84.5, 1.85.4, 1.86.1, allows an unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to Reverse Tabnabbing vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-8279-2hh7-mpv3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21476"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3014303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=568460543"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-82J9-WFCF-9V2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2024-10-18 21:45An open redirect on the login form (and possibly other places) in Plone 4.0 through 5.2.1 allows an attacker to craft a link to a Plone Site that, when followed, and possibly after login, will redirect to an attacker's site.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-7936"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T23:52:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-23T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect on the login form (and possibly other places) in Plone 4.0 through 5.2.1 allows an attacker to craft a link to a Plone Site that, when followed, and possibly after login, will redirect to an attacker\u0027s site.",
"id": "GHSA-82j9-wfcf-9v2h",
"modified": "2024-10-18T21:45:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7936"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Plone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2020-85.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20200121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20200121/an-open-redirection-on-the-login-form-and-possibly-other-places"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/01/22/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/01/24/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Plone Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-82PV-X3J7-8X3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 3 Update Rollup 20, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 18, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 19, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Service Pack 1, Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 7, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 8 allow an information disclosure vulnerability due to how URL redirects are handled, aka "Microsoft Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0941.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-14T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 3 Update Rollup 20, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 18, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 19, Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Service Pack 1, Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 7, and Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 8 allow an information disclosure vulnerability due to how URL redirects are handled, aka \"Microsoft Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability\". This CVE is unique from CVE-2018-0941.",
"id": "GHSA-82pv-x3j7-8x3m",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040521"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-82RH-XW3J-936R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the attackers choice. This might open the possibility for fishing or other similar attacks. The problem has been fixed in KNIME Business Hub 1.16.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T13:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the attackers choice. This might open the possibility for fishing or other similar attacks. The problem has been fixed in KNIME Business Hub 1.16.0.",
"id": "GHSA-82rh-xw3j-936r",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-10-02T15:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.knime.com/security/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8593-J8V5-33H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:27 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:27An open redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows attacker to inject script code during converting a HTML table to a PDF document under the FortiView feature. An attacker may be able to social engineer an authenticated user into generating a PDF file containing injected malicious URLs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-27T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0.0, 5.6.5 and below versions allows attacker to inject script code during converting a HTML table to a PDF document under the FortiView feature. An attacker may be able to social engineer an authenticated user into generating a PDF file containing injected malicious URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-8593-j8v5-33h8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:27:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:27:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-18-022"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85VF-H2WW-RM2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:34 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:34A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Emergency Responder, Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service, and Cisco Unity Connection could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that causes the web interface to redirect a request to a specific malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-05T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Emergency Responder, Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM \u0026 Presence Service, and Cisco Unity Connection could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters of an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that causes the web interface to redirect a request to a specific malicious URL. This type of vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks that get users to unknowingly visit malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-85vf-h2ww-rm2q",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:34:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:34:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20181003-er-ucm-redirect"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041780"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041789"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85W5-MW69-5H72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-17 15:30Zentao versions 4.1.3 and before has a URL redirect vulnerability, which prevents the system from functioning properly.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-10T09:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Zentao versions 4.1.3 and before has a URL redirect vulnerability, which prevents the system from functioning properly.",
"id": "GHSA-85w5-mw69-5h72",
"modified": "2024-01-17T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2024-01-10T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/xue-yao-go/87d088fa3f423bba8098ef22988e4626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://narrow-payment-2cd.notion.site/zentao-4-1-3-is-vulnerable-URL-redirect-b03f8f9f5b4e4cbea819c2961c097d92?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8622-RMMR-47JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-29 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-20 21:31The WordPress Toolbar WordPress plugin through 2.2.6 redirects to any URL via the "wptbto" parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6389"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-29T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WordPress Toolbar WordPress plugin through 2.2.6 redirects to any URL via the \"wptbto\" parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to redirect users to potentially malicious sites if they can successfully trick them into performing an action.",
"id": "GHSA-8622-rmmr-47jv",
"modified": "2025-06-20T21:31:55Z",
"published": "2024-01-29T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6389"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://magos-securitas.com/txt/CVE-2023-6389.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/04dafc55-3a8d-4dd2-96da-7a8b100e5a81"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-862X-HRM8-CH77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06Umbraco CMS before 7.15.7 is vulnerable to Open Redirection due to insufficient url sanitization on booting.aspx.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-28T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Umbraco CMS before 7.15.7 is vulnerable to Open Redirection due to insufficient url sanitization on booting.aspx.",
"id": "GHSA-862x-hrm8-ch77",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/umbraco/Umbraco-CMS/issues/9782"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.