CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CG7J-H47W-RP3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce allows Phishing. This issue affects Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce: from n/a through 1.7.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T15:15:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce allows Phishing. This issue affects Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce: from n/a through 1.7.5.",
"id": "GHSA-cg7j-h47w-rp3m",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:01Z",
"published": "2025-05-07T15:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woo-salesforce-plugin-crm-perks/vulnerability/wordpress-integration-for-woocommerce-and-salesforce-1-7-5-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CG8C-732H-JG2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-20 18:31Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an open redirect vulnerability in stripe_portal and stripe_checkout endpoints that accept unvalidated callbackUrl, successUrl, and cancelUrl parameters. Authenticated attackers can craft malicious billing URLs to redirect users to attacker-controlled domains for phishing and credential harvesting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-56330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-20T16:17:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an open redirect vulnerability in stripe_portal and stripe_checkout endpoints that accept unvalidated callbackUrl, successUrl, and cancelUrl parameters. Authenticated attackers can craft malicious billing URLs to redirect users to attacker-controlled domains for phishing and credential harvesting.",
"id": "GHSA-cg8c-732h-jg2p",
"modified": "2026-06-20T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-06-20T18:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-grc7-98pf-h8hq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/capgo-open-redirect-via-unvalidated-stripe-billing-urls"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CG8C-GC2J-2WF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-07 07:29 – Updated: 2022-10-07 07:29This affects all versions of package Flask-Security. When using the get_post_logout_redirect and get_post_login_redirect functions, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple back slashes such as \\\evil.com/path. This vulnerability is only exploitable if an alternative WSGI server other than Werkzeug is used, or the default behaviour of Werkzeug is modified using 'autocorrect_location_header=False.
Note: Flask-Security is not maintained anymore.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Flask-Security"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23385"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-07T07:29:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package Flask-Security. When using the `get_post_logout_redirect` and `get_post_login_redirect` functions, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple back slashes such as `\\\\\\evil.com/path`. This vulnerability is only exploitable if an alternative WSGI server other than Werkzeug is used, or the default behaviour of Werkzeug is modified using `\u0027autocorrect_location_header=False`.\n\n**Note:** Flask-Security is not maintained anymore.",
"id": "GHSA-cg8c-gc2j-2wf7",
"modified": "2022-10-07T07:29:01Z",
"published": "2022-10-07T07:29:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23385"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattupstate/flask-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-FLASKSECURITY-1293234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/blog/url-confusion-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Flask-Security vulnerable to Open Redirect"
}
GHSA-CGM2-74FX-84HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-09 21:31Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) '/DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx' provides an unauthenticated URL redirect via the 'nhl' parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35059"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-09T21:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) \u0027/DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx\u0027 provides an unauthenticated URL redirect via the \u0027nhl\u0027 parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-cgm2-74fx-84hc",
"modified": "2025-10-09T21:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-10-09T21:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-282-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35059"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CGM5-P2XV-FJC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 06:30 – Updated: 2023-03-29 15:30Potential security vulnerabilities have been identified in the HPE FlexFabric 5700 Switch Series. These vulnerabilities could be remotely exploited to allow host header injection and URL redirection. HPE has made the following software to resolve the vulnerability in HPE FlexFabric 5700 Switch Series version R2432P61 or later.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37940"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Potential security vulnerabilities have been identified in the HPE FlexFabric 5700 Switch Series. These vulnerabilities could be remotely exploited to allow host header injection and URL redirection. HPE has made the following software to resolve the vulnerability in HPE FlexFabric 5700 Switch Series version R2432P61 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-cgm5-p2xv-fjc2",
"modified": "2023-03-29T15:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbnw04398en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CGMC-GHQ7-9549
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:48 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:48Open redirect vulnerability in Joomla! CMS 3.0.0 through 3.4.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-20T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Joomla! CMS 3.0.0 through 3.4.1.",
"id": "GHSA-cgmc-ghq7-9549",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:48:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:48:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/617-20150601-core-open-redirect.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76496"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CGRJ-XJM7-9Q27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-28 00:01 – Updated: 2022-07-08 17:04Open redirect vulnerability in web2py versions prior to 2.22.5 allows a remote attacker to redirect a user to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "web2py"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.22.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-05T22:06:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in web2py versions prior to 2.22.5 allows a remote attacker to redirect a user to an arbitrary web site and conduct a phishing attack by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-cgrj-xjm7-9q27",
"modified": "2022-07-08T17:04:13Z",
"published": "2022-06-28T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/web2py/web2py/commit/a181b855a43cb8b479d276b082cfcde385768451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/web2py/web2py/commit/d9805606f88f00c0be56438247605cefde73e14e#diff-c1d01f37ee54d813815718760b9c4d7b274e2be7ad18f65552cd564336ab593bR110"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/web2py/web2py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN02158640/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://web2py.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in web2py"
}
GHSA-CH69-FG75-F7X5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:54 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:54The ChangeSharedFilterOwner resource in Jira before version 7.13.6, from version 8.0.0 before version 8.2.3, and from version 8.3.0 before version 8.3.2 allows remote attackers to attack users, in some cases be able to obtain a user's Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) token, via a open redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11589"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-23T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ChangeSharedFilterOwner resource in Jira before version 7.13.6, from version 8.0.0 before version 8.2.3, and from version 8.3.0 before version 8.3.2 allows remote attackers to attack users, in some cases be able to obtain a user\u0027s Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) token, via a open redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-ch69-fg75-f7x5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:54:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:54:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-69780"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH98-PVVC-V52H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:22 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:22Before WordPress 4.9.5, the redirection URL for the login page was not validated or sanitized if forced to use HTTPS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-16T09:58:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Before WordPress 4.9.5, the redirection URL for the login page was not validated or sanitized if forced to use HTTPS.",
"id": "GHSA-ch98-pvvc-v52h",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:22:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:22:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/commit/14bc2c0a6fde0da04b47130707e01df850eedc7e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codex.wordpress.org/Version_4.9.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://core.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/42892"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/04/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/news/2018/04/wordpress-4-9-5-security-and-maintenance-release"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040836"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHQX-RW2R-XGW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-30 18:30An issue was discovered in ViewerJS 0.5.8. A script from the component loads content via URL TAGs without properly sanitizing it. This leads to both open redirection and out-of-band resource loading.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25676"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-01T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ViewerJS 0.5.8. A script from the component loads content via URL TAGs without properly sanitizing it. This leads to both open redirection and out-of-band resource loading.",
"id": "GHSA-chqx-rw2r-xgw8",
"modified": "2025-05-30T18:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-05-01T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cds.thalesgroup.com/en/tcs-cert/CVE-2024-25676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://excellium-services.com/cert-xlm-advisory/cve-2024-25676"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.