CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G5WP-WJR9-6RQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:31cPanel before 60.0.25 allows an open redirect via /cgi-sys/FormMail-clone.cgi (SEC-162).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-05T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "cPanel before 60.0.25 allows an open redirect via /cgi-sys/FormMail-clone.cgi (SEC-162).",
"id": "GHSA-g5wp-wjr9-6rqv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:31:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/60+Change+Log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G672-VHWX-4Q8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:27 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:27dotCMS before 5.0.2 has open redirects via the html/common/forward_js.jsp FORWARD_URL parameter or the html/portlet/ext/common/page_preview_popup.jsp hostname parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-07T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "dotCMS before 5.0.2 has open redirects via the html/common/forward_js.jsp FORWARD_URL parameter or the html/portlet/ext/common/page_preview_popup.jsp hostname parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-g672-vhwx-4q8g",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:27:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:27:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dotCMS/core/issues/15286"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G67J-4XX4-92C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:45 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:45Open redirect vulnerability in Proxmox Mail Gateway prior to hotfix 4.0-8-097d26a9 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the destination parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-9058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-03T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Proxmox Mail Gateway prior to hotfix 4.0-8-097d26a9 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the destination parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-g67j-4xx4-92c4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:45:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:45:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/Security-Advisories/Advisories/TWSL2015-024/?fid=7431"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G694-M8VQ-GV9H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 02:53Medialize is a Javascript URL mutation library. When parsing a URL without a scheme and with excessive slashes, like ///www.example.com, URI.js will parse the hostname as null and the path as /www.example.com. Such behaviour is different from that exhibited by browsers, which will parse ///www.example.com as http://www.example.com instead. For example, the following will cause a redirect to http://www.example.com: A fix was released in version 1.19.11.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "urijs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.19.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-115",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-05T18:34:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Medialize is a Javascript URL mutation library. When parsing a URL without a scheme and with excessive slashes, like ///www.example.com, URI.js will parse the hostname as null and the path as /www.example.com. Such behaviour is different from that exhibited by browsers, which will parse ///www.example.com as http://www.example.com instead. For example, the following will cause a redirect to http://www.example.com: A fix was released in version 1.19.11.",
"id": "GHSA-g694-m8vq-gv9h",
"modified": "2022-04-15T02:53:33Z",
"published": "2022-04-05T00:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/medialize/uri.js/commit/88805fd3da03bd7a5e60947adb49d182011f1277"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/medialize/uri.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/228d5548-1109-49f8-8aee-91038e88371c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "URL Confusion When Scheme Not Supplied in medialize/uri.js"
}
GHSA-G6C6-9MMH-32CW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 21:31The ms-msdt, search, and search-ms protocols deliver content to Microsoft applications, bypassing the browser, when a user accepts a prompt. These applications have had known vulnerabilities, exploited in the wild (although we know of none exploited through Thunderbird), so in this release Thunderbird has blocked these protocols from prompting the user to open them.
This bug only affects Thunderbird on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 102, Firefox ESR < 91.11, Thunderbird < 102, and Thunderbird < 91.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34478"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The \u003ccode\u003ems-msdt\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003esearch\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003esearch-ms\u003c/code\u003e protocols deliver content to Microsoft applications, bypassing the browser, when a user accepts a prompt. These applications have had known vulnerabilities, exploited in the wild (although we know of none exploited through Thunderbird), so in this release Thunderbird has blocked these protocols from prompting the user to open them.\u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Thunderbird on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 102, Firefox ESR \u003c 91.11, Thunderbird \u003c 102, and Thunderbird \u003c 91.11.",
"id": "GHSA-g6c6-9mmh-32cw",
"modified": "2025-04-15T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1773717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-26"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6C9-F4XM-9J4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-22 06:30 – Updated: 2024-06-24 21:14An open redirect vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio, affecting the latest version. The vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites, which can be exploited for phishing attacks, Cross-site Scripting (XSS), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), amongst others. This issue is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the handling of URLs. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious URL that, when processed by the application, redirects the user to an attacker-controlled web page.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "gradio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.36.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4940"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-24T21:14:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-22T06:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio, affecting the latest version. The vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites, which can be exploited for phishing attacks, Cross-site Scripting (XSS), Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), amongst others. This issue is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the handling of URLs. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious URL that, when processed by the application, redirects the user to an attacker-controlled web page.",
"id": "GHSA-g6c9-f4xm-9j4x",
"modified": "2024-06-24T21:14:32Z",
"published": "2024-06-22T06:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4940"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/35aaea93-6895-4f03-9c1b-cd992665aa60"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in gradio"
}
GHSA-G7J8-X6G6-F5VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-09 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:34SAP S/4HANA Manage Catalog Items and Cross-Catalog searches Fiori apps allow an attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient URL validation. As a result, it may have a slight impact on confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-08T22:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP S/4HANA Manage Catalog Items and Cross-Catalog searches Fiori apps allow an attacker to redirect users to a malicious site due to insufficient URL validation. As a result, it may have a slight impact on confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-g7j8-x6g6-f5vj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:34:28Z",
"published": "2023-09-09T00:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3156972"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G7R3-JG9W-238C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-24 12:30 – Updated: 2024-01-24 12:30URL redirection to untrusted site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in file access component in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 7.2.1-69057-2 allows remote authenticated users to conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-24T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL redirection to untrusted site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in file access component in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 7.2.1-69057-2 allows remote authenticated users to conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-g7r3-jg9w-238c",
"modified": "2024-01-24T12:30:17Z",
"published": "2024-01-24T12:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_24_02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G7WC-FGQC-J967
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-30 18:30A weakness has been identified in Edimax BR-6208AC 1.02/1.03. Affected by this issue is the function formALGSetup of the file /goform/formALGSetup of the component Web-based Configuration Interface. This manipulation of the argument wlan-url causes open redirect. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. Edimax confirms this issue: "The product mentioned, EDIMAX BR-6208AC V2, has reached its End of Life (EOL) status. It is no longer supported or maintained by Edimax, and it is no longer available for purchase in the market. Consequently, there will be no further firmware updates or patches for this device. We recommend users upgrade to newer models for better security." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15258"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Edimax BR-6208AC 1.02/1.03. Affected by this issue is the function formALGSetup of the file /goform/formALGSetup of the component Web-based Configuration Interface. This manipulation of the argument wlan-url causes open redirect. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. Edimax confirms this issue: \"The product mentioned, EDIMAX BR-6208AC V2, has reached its End of Life (EOL) status. It is no longer supported or maintained by Edimax, and it is no longer available for purchase in the market. Consequently, there will be no further firmware updates or patches for this device. We recommend users upgrade to newer models for better security.\" This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-g7wc-fgqc-j967",
"modified": "2025-12-30T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-12-30T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tzh00203.notion.site/EDIMAX-BR-6208AC-V2_1-02-Open-Redirect-Vulnerability-in-Web-formALGSetup-handler-2d3b5c52018a80188e9ae30d3cc8c3d1?source=copy_link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.338648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.722446"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G839-X3P3-G5FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 19:53 – Updated: 2025-03-03 19:53Summary
CodeChecker versions up to 6.24.5 contain an open redirect vulnerability due to missing protections against multiple slashes after the product name in the URL's path segment. This results in bypassing protections against CVE-2021-28861, leading to the same open redirect pathway.
Details
CodeChecker processes GET requests by first rewriting the path segment of the URL, and then passing the rewritten URL to the webserver framework.
When trimming the product name from the URL, no sanitization was performed on the remaining URL, which reintroduced the same issue as CVE-2021-28861, leading to the same open redirect pathway using URLs such as /Default//attacker.com/%2f...
Impact
The vulnerability allows an attacker to create a hyperlink that looks like a legitimate CodeChecker URL, but redirects to an attacker-supplied website when clicked.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.24.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "codechecker"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.24.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1300"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-03T19:53:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-28T13:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Summary\n---\n\nCodeChecker versions up to 6.24.5 contain an open redirect vulnerability due to missing protections against multiple slashes after the product name in the URL\u0027s path segment. This results in bypassing protections against CVE-2021-28861, leading to the same open redirect pathway.\n\nDetails\n---\n\nCodeChecker processes GET requests by first rewriting the path segment of the URL, and then passing the rewritten URL to the webserver framework.\nWhen trimming the product name from the URL, no sanitization was performed on the remaining URL, which reintroduced the same issue as CVE-2021-28861, leading to the same open redirect pathway using URLs such as `/Default//attacker.com/%2f..`.\n\nImpact\n---\n\nThe vulnerability allows an attacker to create a hyperlink that looks like a legitimate CodeChecker URL, but redirects to an attacker-supplied website when clicked.",
"id": "GHSA-g839-x3p3-g5fm",
"modified": "2025-03-03T19:53:16Z",
"published": "2025-03-03T19:53:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Ericsson/codechecker/security/advisories/GHSA-g839-x3p3-g5fm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1300"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Ericsson/codechecker"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CodeChecker open redirect when URL contains multiple slashes after the product name"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.