CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GM89-QH2C-M553
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites for exploitation: - Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance - Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T14:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites for exploitation: - Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance - Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL",
"id": "GHSA-gm89-qh2c-m553",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GMMG-MG5X-45RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the open redirect vulnerability by social engineering leading to take over of victims’ accounts in certain cases along with redirection of UAA users to a malicious sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22098"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the open redirect vulnerability by social engineering leading to take over of victims\u2019 accounts in certain cases along with redirection of UAA users to a malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-gmmg-mg5x-45rp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/blog/cve-2021-22098-open-redirect-vulnerability-in-uaa-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GP73-3FF5-PFQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-08 18:31The user may be redirected to an arbitrary site in Sitefinity 15.1.8321.0 and previous versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-08T18:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The user may be redirected to an arbitrary site in Sitefinity 15.1.8321.0 and previous versions.",
"id": "GHSA-gp73-3ff5-pfqm",
"modified": "2024-07-08T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-07-08T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.progress.com/s/article/Open-Redirect-vulnerability-CVE-2024-4882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.progress.com/sitefinity-cms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPP4-496Q-8QW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:30cPanel before 67.9999.103 allows an open redirect in /unprotected/redirect.html (SEC-300).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "cPanel before 67.9999.103 allows an open redirect in /unprotected/redirect.html (SEC-300).",
"id": "GHSA-gpp4-496q-8qw6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:30:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/68+Change+Log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2017-0005-full-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQ83-8FQJ-XC3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Integrations allows Phishing. This issue affects Bit Integrations: from n/a through 2.4.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Integrations allows Phishing. This issue affects Bit Integrations: from n/a through 2.4.10.",
"id": "GHSA-gq83-8fqj-xc3j",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:08Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T12:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/bit-integrations/vulnerability/wordpress-bit-integrations-plugin-2-4-10-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQGG-CF45-VJXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00An issue was discovered in u5cms verion 8.3.5 There is a URL redirection vulnerability that can cause a user's browser to be redirected to another site via /loginsave.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32444"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in u5cms verion 8.3.5 There is a URL redirection vulnerability that can cause a user\u0027s browser to be redirected to another site via /loginsave.php.",
"id": "GHSA-gqgg-cf45-vjxf",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-06-18T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/u5cms/u5cms/issues/50"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GR94-XFWG-97FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-18 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-10 21:31IBM Cognos Analytics 11.2.0 through 11.2.4 and 12.0.0 through 12.0.3
could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45082"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-18T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Cognos Analytics\u00a011.2.0 through 11.2.4 and 12.0.0 through 12.0.3 \n\ncould allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted.",
"id": "GHSA-gr94-xfwg-97fp",
"modified": "2025-01-10T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2024-12-18T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GRFJ-WJV9-4F9V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-11-24 21:20 – Updated: 2024-09-23 19:28Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
Open redirect vulnerability - a maliciously crafted link to a jupyter server could redirect the browser to a different website.
All jupyter servers are technically affected, however, these maliciously crafted links can only be reasonably made for known jupyter server hosts. A link to your jupyter server may appear safe, but ultimately redirect to a spoofed server on the public internet.
This originated in jupyter/notebook: https://github.com/jupyter/notebook/security/advisories/GHSA-c7vm-f5p4-8fqh
Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
jupyter_server 1.0.6
References
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, or vulnerabilities to report, please email our security list security@ipython.org.
Credit: zhuonan li of Alibaba Application Security Team
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "jupyter-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26232"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-11-24T21:10:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\n\nOpen redirect vulnerability - a maliciously crafted link to a jupyter server could redirect the browser to a different website.\n\nAll jupyter servers are technically affected, however, these maliciously crafted links can only be reasonably made for known jupyter server hosts. A link to your jupyter server may *appear* safe, but ultimately redirect to a spoofed server on the public internet.\n\nThis originated in jupyter/notebook: https://github.com/jupyter/notebook/security/advisories/GHSA-c7vm-f5p4-8fqh\n\n### Patches\n\n_Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_\n\njupyter_server 1.0.6\n\n### References\n\n[OWASP page on open redirects](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Unvalidated_Redirects_and_Forwards_Cheat_Sheet.html)\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, or vulnerabilities to report, please email our security list [security@ipython.org](mailto:security@ipython.org).\n\nCredit: zhuonan li of Alibaba Application Security Team",
"id": "GHSA-grfj-wjv9-4f9v",
"modified": "2024-09-23T19:28:58Z",
"published": "2020-11-24T21:20:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter_server/security/advisories/GHSA-grfj-wjv9-4f9v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/commit/3d83e49090289c431da253e2bdb8dc479cbcb157"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jupyter-server/jupyter_server/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#106---2020-11-18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/jupyter-server/PYSEC-2020-234.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in Jupyter Server"
}
GHSA-GRFP-Q2MM-HFP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2021-11-19 14:43Impact
Before version v0.34.1, the OAuth 2.0 Client's registered redirect URLs and the redirect URL provided at the OAuth2 Authorization Endpoint where compared using strings.ToLower while they should have been compared with a simple string match:
- Registering a client with allowed redirect URL
https://example.com/callback - Performing OAuth2 flow and requesting redirect URL
https://example.com/CALLBACK - Instead of an error (invalid redirect URL), the browser is redirected to
https://example.com/CALLBACKwith a potentially successful OAuth2 response, depending on the state of the overall OAuth2 flow (the user might still deny the request for example).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/ory/fosite"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.34.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15234"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-178",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-21T22:15:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-02T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nBefore version v0.34.1, the OAuth 2.0 Client\u0027s registered redirect URLs and the redirect URL provided at the OAuth2 Authorization Endpoint where compared using `strings.ToLower` while they should have been compared with a simple string match:\n\n1. Registering a client with allowed redirect URL `https://example.com/callback`\n2. Performing OAuth2 flow and requesting redirect URL `https://example.com/CALLBACK`\n3. Instead of an error (invalid redirect URL), the browser is redirected to `https://example.com/CALLBACK` with a potentially successful OAuth2 response, depending on the state of the overall OAuth2 flow (the user might still deny the request for example).",
"id": "GHSA-grfp-q2mm-hfp6",
"modified": "2021-11-19T14:43:47Z",
"published": "2021-05-24T17:00:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ory/fosite/security/advisories/GHSA-grfp-q2mm-hfp6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ory/fosite/commit/cdee51ebe721bfc8acca0fd0b86b030ca70867bf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ory/fosite"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Redirect URL matching ignores character casing"
}
GHSA-GRH9-37G7-53MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 21:16 – Updated: 2026-02-02 21:16Summary
An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth authentication flow that allows attackers to redirect users to external malicious websites after authentication. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the return parameter in the OAuth login initialization endpoint.
Patches
The problem was fixed in the latest release, v2.1.2. The docker images for the tag 'latest' built from the master branch also include the fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.1.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/h44z/wg-portal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-02T21:16:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth authentication flow that allows attackers to redirect users to external malicious websites after authentication. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the return parameter in the OAuth login initialization endpoint.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem was fixed in the latest release, v2.1.2. The [docker images](https://hub.docker.com/r/wgportal/wg-portal) for the tag \u0027latest\u0027 built from the master branch also include the fix.",
"id": "GHSA-grh9-37g7-53mj",
"modified": "2026-02-02T21:16:49Z",
"published": "2026-02-02T21:16:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h44z/wg-portal/security/advisories/GHSA-grh9-37g7-53mj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h44z/wg-portal/commit/e62db0d62ebabbec39c767b953b92fb4b4d08a81"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/h44z/wg-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h44z/wg-portal/releases/tag/v2.1.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "WireGuard Portal v2 has Open Redirect Vulnerability in OAuth Authentication Flow"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.