CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2575 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GM48-83X4-84JG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-17 19:20bypass CVE-2021-25640 > In Apache Dubbo prior to 2.6.12 and 2.7.15, the usage of parseURL method will lead to the bypass of the white host check which can cause open redirect or SSRF vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.dubbo:dubbo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.alibaba:dubbo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-10T19:53:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "bypass CVE-2021-25640 \u003e In Apache Dubbo prior to 2.6.12 and 2.7.15, the usage of parseURL method will lead to the bypass of the white host check which can cause open redirect or SSRF vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gm48-83x4-84jg",
"modified": "2022-06-17T19:20:46Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25640"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24969"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gw4j-4229-q4px"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/1xbckc3467wfk5r7n2o44r2brdsbwxgr"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Server-side request forgery in Apache Dubbo"
}
GHSA-GM89-QH2C-M553
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites for exploitation: - Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance - Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T14:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites for exploitation: - Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance - Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL",
"id": "GHSA-gm89-qh2c-m553",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T15:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/sca-2026-0002.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sick.com/media/docs/9/19/719/special_information_sick_operating_guidelines_cybersecurity_by_sick_en_im0106719.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GMMG-MG5X-45RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the open redirect vulnerability by social engineering leading to take over of victims’ accounts in certain cases along with redirection of UAA users to a malicious sites.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22098"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the open redirect vulnerability by social engineering leading to take over of victims\u2019 accounts in certain cases along with redirection of UAA users to a malicious sites.",
"id": "GHSA-gmmg-mg5x-45rp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/blog/cve-2021-22098-open-redirect-vulnerability-in-uaa-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GP73-3FF5-PFQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-08 18:31The user may be redirected to an arbitrary site in Sitefinity 15.1.8321.0 and previous versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-08T18:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The user may be redirected to an arbitrary site in Sitefinity 15.1.8321.0 and previous versions.",
"id": "GHSA-gp73-3ff5-pfqm",
"modified": "2024-07-08T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-07-08T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.progress.com/s/article/Open-Redirect-vulnerability-CVE-2024-4882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.progress.com/sitefinity-cms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GP9J-H9GM-P3Q2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-18 21:32Cotonti through 1.0.0 fails to validate redirect destinations in page bodies prefixed with redir:, allowing authenticated users with page creation or edit permissions to store redirects to arbitrary external hosts. Attackers can craft pages on trusted domains that redirect visitors to malicious sites for phishing attacks without administrative privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-93871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-18T20:17:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cotonti through 1.0.0 fails to validate redirect destinations in page bodies prefixed with redir:, allowing authenticated users with page creation or edit permissions to store redirects to arbitrary external hosts. Attackers can craft pages on trusted domains that redirect visitors to malicious sites for phishing attacks without administrative privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-gp9j-h9gm-p3q2",
"modified": "2026-09-18T21:32:27Z",
"published": "2026-09-18T21:32:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-93871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/issues/1893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/pull/1901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/blob/1.0.0/modules/page/inc/page.main.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cotonti-through-1.0.0-stored-open-redirect-via-page-redir-prefix"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPMM-F3QC-3QGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 21:31IBM Engineering AI Hub 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.2.0 could allow a remote attacker to redirect users to malicious websites due to improper validation of user-supplied URLs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T20:17:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Engineering AI Hub 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.2.0 could allow a remote attacker to redirect users to malicious websites due to improper validation of user-supplied URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-gpmm-f3qc-3qgj",
"modified": "2026-07-17T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7279964"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPP4-496Q-8QW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:30cPanel before 67.9999.103 allows an open redirect in /unprotected/redirect.html (SEC-300).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "cPanel before 67.9999.103 allows an open redirect in /unprotected/redirect.html (SEC-300).",
"id": "GHSA-gpp4-496q-8qw6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:30:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/68+Change+Log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2017-0005-full-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQ83-8FQJ-XC3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Integrations allows Phishing. This issue affects Bit Integrations: from n/a through 2.4.10.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30884"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-27T11:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Integrations allows Phishing. This issue affects Bit Integrations: from n/a through 2.4.10.",
"id": "GHSA-gq83-8fqj-xc3j",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:08Z",
"published": "2025-03-27T12:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/bit-integrations/vulnerability/wordpress-bit-integrations-plugin-2-4-10-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQGG-CF45-VJXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00An issue was discovered in u5cms verion 8.3.5 There is a URL redirection vulnerability that can cause a user's browser to be redirected to another site via /loginsave.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32444"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in u5cms verion 8.3.5 There is a URL redirection vulnerability that can cause a user\u0027s browser to be redirected to another site via /loginsave.php.",
"id": "GHSA-gqgg-cf45-vjxf",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-06-18T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/u5cms/u5cms/issues/50"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GR94-XFWG-97FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-18 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-10 21:31IBM Cognos Analytics 11.2.0 through 11.2.4 and 12.0.0 through 12.0.3
could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45082"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-18T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Cognos Analytics\u00a011.2.0 through 11.2.4 and 12.0.0 through 12.0.3 \n\ncould allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted.",
"id": "GHSA-gr94-xfwg-97fp",
"modified": "2025-01-10T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2024-12-18T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177223"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.