Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M999-J542-5W3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 21:16 – Updated: 2026-06-19 21:16
VLAI
Summary
Open Redirect Bypass in miniflux-v2
Details
Summary
The URL restrictions in miniflux-v2 can be bypassed by attackers, leading to an open redirect vulnerability.
Details
Normally, the redirect URL needs to be validated using IsRelativePath.
There are some security measures in place, such as requiring relative paths, prohibiting host and schema entries, and rejecting proof-of-concept (PoC) entries like //fushuling.com. However, these measures can still be bypassed.
For a proof-of-concept (PoC) like /\fushuling.com, it lacks host and netloc fields and doesn't start with //, but during the actual browser redirection, the backslash is automatically parsed as a forward slash, ultimately redirecting to the external address https://fushuling.com, thus bypassing existing protections.
For PoCs like //fushuling.com, the existing logic successfully detects and resolves to /unread, effectively preventing attacks.
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8081
Content-Length: 92
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Chromium";v="122"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: null
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.6261.57 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: cw_conversation=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzb3VyY2VfaWQiOiI1NTlhZGZkNS0wMTMxLTRjOWUtYjJmMi1kZTQ4YzFmMzUwODMiLCJpbmJveF9pZCI6NTI3NTUsImV4cCI6MTc5MTk3MzU4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc2NDIxNTg4fQ._8EAAv62saWBzO54yUJCbASbjbrNdMsYEC49blqJwQM; casdoor_session_id=cc333aee41d646565c1bde0bba532991; SSID=EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.KKPgzj5eEsDglYQXFeERpo7F97-phtpOsQL0Sh9e_EA; sid=Q5hex9PpdqFKeVL41zT4W9DqyBnMJhVO; MinifluxSessionID=F5GAIDVFDZVTOTOWBLWKXCRNIE.HUQLKF4BMK42KUAM3N2VK4MA45
Connection: close
csrf=CYJ2SHTG7AYLMFW6TMTLRR4K54&redirect_url=//fushuling.com&username=admin&password=test123
However, when the attacker specified the redirect URL as /\fushuling.com, the URL successfully bypassed the detection and set the location to /\fushuling.com.
POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8081
Content-Length: 92
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Not(A:Brand";v="24", "Chromium";v="122"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: null
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.6261.57 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: cw_conversation=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzb3VyY2VfaWQiOiI1NTlhZGZkNS0wMTMxLTRjOWUtYjJmMi1kZTQ4YzFmMzUwODMiLCJpbmJveF9pZCI6NTI3NTUsImV4cCI6MTc5MTk3MzU4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc2NDIxNTg4fQ._8EAAv62saWBzO54yUJCbASbjbrNdMsYEC49blqJwQM; casdoor_session_id=cc333aee41d646565c1bde0bba532991; SSID=EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.KKPgzj5eEsDglYQXFeERpo7F97-phtpOsQL0Sh9e_EA; sid=Q5hex9PpdqFKeVL41zT4W9DqyBnMJhVO; MinifluxSessionID=54R3C5MYFRCW7JVL2WUP5GFW4Z.3FLK5B4S7R3O6ZRACB7A3B2RG5
Connection: close
csrf=QC7PJNLRRDHSF6OZPXFVPKAXEO&redirect_url=/\fushuling.com&username=admin&password=test123
In the actual browser redirection, the URL successfully redirected to https://fushuling.com, thus bypassing the restrictions and achieving an open redirect attack.
PoC
/\fushuling.com
Impact
Open Redirect
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "miniflux.app/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55185"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T21:16:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe URL restrictions in `miniflux-v2` can be bypassed by attackers, leading to an open redirect vulnerability.\n\n### Details\n\nNormally, the redirect URL needs to be validated using `IsRelativePath`.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1728\" height=\"1386\" alt=\"QQ20260526-175356-26-1\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b481845a-8744-41f7-b27a-526c7ac92e03\" /\u003e\n\nThere are some security measures in place, such as requiring relative paths, prohibiting host and schema entries, and rejecting proof-of-concept (PoC) entries like `//fushuling.com`. However, these measures can still be bypassed.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1911\" height=\"804\" alt=\"QQ20260526-175836-26-2\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/90353c7f-7247-4453-a781-159361de13d6\" /\u003e\n\nFor a proof-of-concept (PoC) like `/\\fushuling.com`, it lacks host and netloc fields and doesn\u0027t start with `//`, but during the actual browser redirection, the backslash is automatically parsed as a forward slash, ultimately redirecting to the external address `https://fushuling.com`, thus bypassing existing protections.\n\nFor PoCs like `//fushuling.com`, the existing logic successfully detects and resolves to `/unread`, effectively preventing attacks.\n\n```\nPOST /login HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8081\nContent-Length: 92\nCache-Control: max-age=0\nsec-ch-ua: \"Not(A:Brand\";v=\"24\", \"Chromium\";v=\"122\"\nsec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0\nsec-ch-ua-platform: \"Windows\"\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\nOrigin: null\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.6261.57 Safari/537.36\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7\nSec-Fetch-Site: same-origin\nSec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\nSec-Fetch-User: ?1\nSec-Fetch-Dest: document\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\nCookie: cw_conversation=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzb3VyY2VfaWQiOiI1NTlhZGZkNS0wMTMxLTRjOWUtYjJmMi1kZTQ4YzFmMzUwODMiLCJpbmJveF9pZCI6NTI3NTUsImV4cCI6MTc5MTk3MzU4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc2NDIxNTg4fQ._8EAAv62saWBzO54yUJCbASbjbrNdMsYEC49blqJwQM; casdoor_session_id=cc333aee41d646565c1bde0bba532991; SSID=EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.KKPgzj5eEsDglYQXFeERpo7F97-phtpOsQL0Sh9e_EA; sid=Q5hex9PpdqFKeVL41zT4W9DqyBnMJhVO; MinifluxSessionID=F5GAIDVFDZVTOTOWBLWKXCRNIE.HUQLKF4BMK42KUAM3N2VK4MA45\nConnection: close\n\ncsrf=CYJ2SHTG7AYLMFW6TMTLRR4K54\u0026redirect_url=//fushuling.com\u0026username=admin\u0026password=test123\n```\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1773\" height=\"894\" alt=\"QQ20260526-180410-26-3\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/19e532ad-e366-4eb8-a08e-7b1de02edc7b\" /\u003e\n\nHowever, when the attacker specified the redirect URL as `/\\fushuling.com`, the URL successfully bypassed the detection and set the location to /\\fushuling.com.\n\n```\nPOST /login HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8081\nContent-Length: 92\nCache-Control: max-age=0\nsec-ch-ua: \"Not(A:Brand\";v=\"24\", \"Chromium\";v=\"122\"\nsec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0\nsec-ch-ua-platform: \"Windows\"\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\nOrigin: null\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/122.0.6261.57 Safari/537.36\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7\nSec-Fetch-Site: same-origin\nSec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\nSec-Fetch-User: ?1\nSec-Fetch-Dest: document\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\nCookie: cw_conversation=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzb3VyY2VfaWQiOiI1NTlhZGZkNS0wMTMxLTRjOWUtYjJmMi1kZTQ4YzFmMzUwODMiLCJpbmJveF9pZCI6NTI3NTUsImV4cCI6MTc5MTk3MzU4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc2NDIxNTg4fQ._8EAAv62saWBzO54yUJCbASbjbrNdMsYEC49blqJwQM; casdoor_session_id=cc333aee41d646565c1bde0bba532991; SSID=EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.KKPgzj5eEsDglYQXFeERpo7F97-phtpOsQL0Sh9e_EA; sid=Q5hex9PpdqFKeVL41zT4W9DqyBnMJhVO; MinifluxSessionID=54R3C5MYFRCW7JVL2WUP5GFW4Z.3FLK5B4S7R3O6ZRACB7A3B2RG5\nConnection: close\n\ncsrf=QC7PJNLRRDHSF6OZPXFVPKAXEO\u0026redirect_url=/\\fushuling.com\u0026username=admin\u0026password=test123\n```\n\u003cimg width=\"1629\" height=\"887\" alt=\"QQ20260526-180606-26-4\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/efe78aca-06ef-4369-83b7-0d7119ac2546\" /\u003e\n\nIn the actual browser redirection, the URL successfully redirected to `https://fushuling.com`, thus bypassing the restrictions and achieving an open redirect attack.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1082\" height=\"621\" alt=\"QQ20260526-180711-26-5\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0b486f09-8a9b-4d38-8350-d7ca5c51c253\" /\u003e\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n/\\fushuling.com\n```\n\n### Impact\nOpen Redirect",
"id": "GHSA-m999-j542-5w3r",
"modified": "2026-06-19T21:16:13Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T21:16:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/miniflux/v2/security/advisories/GHSA-m999-j542-5w3r"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/miniflux/v2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect Bypass in miniflux-v2"
}
GHSA-M9GH-48VW-5J3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-10 12:01 – Updated: 2022-11-11 12:00
VLAI
Details
An open redirect vulnerability in GitLab EE/CE affecting all versions from 9.3 prior to 15.3.5, 15.4 prior to 15.4.4, and 15.5 prior to 15.5.2, allows an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary location if they trust the URL.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3486"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-09T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability in GitLab EE/CE affecting all versions from 9.3 prior to 15.3.5, 15.4 prior to 15.4.4, and 15.5 prior to 15.5.2, allows an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary location if they trust the URL.",
"id": "GHSA-m9gh-48vw-5j3h",
"modified": "2022-11-11T12:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-11-10T12:01:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1725190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-3486.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/377810"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC2F-6PF4-67J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Frank Goossens WP YouTube Lyte wp-youtube-lyte allows Phishing.This issue affects WP YouTube Lyte: from n/a through <= 1.7.28.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:47Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Frank Goossens WP YouTube Lyte wp-youtube-lyte allows Phishing.This issue affects WP YouTube Lyte: from n/a through \u003c= 1.7.28.",
"id": "GHSA-mc2f-6pf4-67j7",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:56Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-youtube-lyte/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-youtube-lyte-plugin-1-7-28-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-youtube-lyte/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-youtube-lyte-plugin-1-7-28-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC4J-664Q-M2WF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:10
VLAI
Details
BlogEngine.NET 3.3.7.0 allows a Client Side URL Redirect via the ReturnUrl parameter, related to BlogEngine/BlogEngine.Core/Services/Security/Security.cs, login.aspx, and register.aspx.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10721"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "BlogEngine.NET 3.3.7.0 allows a Client Side URL Redirect via the ReturnUrl parameter, related to BlogEngine/BlogEngine.Core/Services/Security/Security.cs, login.aspx, and register.aspx.",
"id": "GHSA-mc4j-664q-m2wf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:10:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10721"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rxtur/BlogEngine.NET/commits/master"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securitymetrics.com/blog/Blogenginenet-Directory-Traversal-Listing-Login-Page-Unvalidated-Redirect"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC9Q-WXRX-P966
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-17 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in FunnelKit Automation By Autonami allows Phishing. This issue affects Automation By Autonami: from n/a through 3.6.0.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49868"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-17T15:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in FunnelKit Automation By Autonami allows Phishing. This issue affects Automation By Autonami: from n/a through 3.6.0.",
"id": "GHSA-mc9q-wxrx-p966",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:29Z",
"published": "2025-06-17T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-marketing-automations/vulnerability/wordpress-automation-by-autonami-plugin-3-6-0-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MCPV-3Q7C-V7RR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-28 00:00
VLAI
Details
In affected Octopus Server versions when the server HTTP and HTTPS bindings are configured to localhost, Octopus Server will allow open redirects.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-07T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In affected Octopus Server versions when the server HTTP and HTTPS bindings are configured to localhost, Octopus Server will allow open redirects.",
"id": "GHSA-mcpv-3q7c-v7rr",
"modified": "2022-07-28T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-02-08T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.octopus.com/post/2022/sa2022-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF34-87PV-6WHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft allows Phishing. This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft: from n/a through 1.2.4.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58006"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft allows Phishing. This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft: from n/a through 1.2.4.",
"id": "GHSA-mf34-87pv-6whm",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:13Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gf-infusionsoft/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-keap-infusionsoft-plugin-1-2-4-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF96-763W-MH5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-25 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-29 00:01
VLAI
Details
The Event Tickets WordPress plugin before 5.2.2 does not validate the tribe_tickets_redirect_to parameter before redirecting the user to the given value, leading to an arbitrary redirect issue
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25028"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-24T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Event Tickets WordPress plugin before 5.2.2 does not validate the tribe_tickets_redirect_to parameter before redirecting the user to the given value, leading to an arbitrary redirect issue",
"id": "GHSA-mf96-763w-mh5v",
"modified": "2022-01-29T00:01:03Z",
"published": "2022-01-25T00:01:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/80b0682e-2c3b-441b-9628-6462368e5fc7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MFV7-GQ43-W965
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-07 23:09 – Updated: 2021-09-14 18:47
VLAI
Summary
Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs in Kubernetes
Details
A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where a user may be able to redirect pod traffic to private networks on a Node. Kubernetes already prevents creation of Endpoint IPs in the localhost or link-local range, but the same validation was not performed on EndpointSlice IPs.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "k8s.io/kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.16.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.18.19"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "k8s.io/kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.19.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "k8s.io/kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.20.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.20.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "k8s.io/kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.21.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"1.21.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25737"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-184",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-07T18:59:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-06T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where a user may be able to redirect pod traffic to private networks on a Node. Kubernetes already prevents creation of Endpoint IPs in the localhost or link-local range, but the same validation was not performed on EndpointSlice IPs.",
"id": "GHSA-mfv7-gq43-w965",
"modified": "2021-09-14T18:47:27Z",
"published": "2021-09-07T23:09:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/102106"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/xAiN3924thY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211004-0004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incomplete List of Disallowed Inputs in Kubernetes"
}
GHSA-MG3V-6M49-JHP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 17:48 – Updated: 2025-01-21 18:00
VLAI
Summary
WebOb's location header normalization during redirect leads to open redirect
Details
Impact
When WebOb normalizes the HTTP Location header to include the request hostname, it does so by parsing the URL that the user is to be redirected to with Python's urlparse, and joining it to the base URL. urlparse however treats a // at the start of a string as a URI without a scheme, and then treats the next part as the hostname. urljoin will then use that hostname from the second part as the hostname replacing the original one from the request.
>>> parse.urlparse("//example.com/test/path")
ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='example.com', path='/test/path', params='', query='', fragment='')
WebOb uses urljoin to take the request URI and joining the redirect location, so assuming the request URI is: https://example.org//example.com/some/path, and the URL to redirect to (for example by adding a slash automatically) is //example.com/some/path/ that gets turned by urljoin into:
>>> parse.urljoin("https://example.org//attacker.com/some/path", "//attacker.com/some/path/")
'https://attacker.com/some/path/'
Which redirects from example.org where we want the user to stay to attacker.com
Patches
This issue is patched in WebOb 1.8.8
Older versions of WebOb continue to be vulnerable to this issue, and should be avoided.
Workarounds
Any use of the Response class that includes a location can be rewritten to make sure to always pass a full URI that includes the hostname to redirect the user to.
Thanks
- Sara Gao
This issue was reported via the Pylons Project Security List
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.8.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "webob"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42353"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-14T17:48:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nWhen WebOb normalizes the HTTP Location header to include the request hostname, it does so by parsing the URL that the user is to be redirected to with Python\u0027s urlparse, and joining it to the base URL. `urlparse` however treats a `//` at the start of a string as a URI without a scheme, and then treats the next part as the hostname. `urljoin` will then use that hostname from the second part as the hostname replacing the original one from the request.\n\n```\n\u003e\u003e\u003e parse.urlparse(\"//example.com/test/path\")\nParseResult(scheme=\u0027\u0027, netloc=\u0027example.com\u0027, path=\u0027/test/path\u0027, params=\u0027\u0027, query=\u0027\u0027, fragment=\u0027\u0027)\n```\n\nWebOb uses `urljoin` to take the request URI and joining the redirect location, so assuming the request URI is: `https://example.org//example.com/some/path`, and the URL to redirect to (for example by adding a slash automatically) is `//example.com/some/path/` that gets turned by `urljoin` into:\n\n```\n\u003e\u003e\u003e parse.urljoin(\"https://example.org//attacker.com/some/path\", \"//attacker.com/some/path/\")\n\u0027https://attacker.com/some/path/\u0027\n```\n\nWhich redirects from `example.org` where we want the user to stay to `attacker.com`\n\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue is patched in WebOb 1.8.8\n\nOlder versions of WebOb continue to be vulnerable to this issue, and should be avoided.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAny use of the `Response` class that includes a `location` can be rewritten to make sure to always pass a full URI that includes the hostname to redirect the user to.\n\n### Thanks\n\n- Sara Gao\n\nThis issue was reported via the [Pylons Project Security List](mailto:pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com)\n",
"id": "GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3",
"modified": "2025-01-21T18:00:40Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T17:48:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/webob/security/advisories/GHSA-mg3v-6m49-jhp3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/webob/commit/f689bcf4f0a1f64f1735b1d5069aef5be6974b5b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Pylons/webob"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/webob/PYSEC-2024-188.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "WebOb\u0027s location header normalization during redirect leads to open redirect"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.