CWE-611
AllowedImproper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.
1827 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MF73-PH8W-GGJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:57OCS Inventory 2.4.1 lacks a proper XML parsing configuration, allowing the use of external entities. This issue can be exploited by an attacker sending a crafted HTTP request in order to exfiltrate information or cause a Denial of Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-14473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-04T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "OCS Inventory 2.4.1 lacks a proper XML parsing configuration, allowing the use of external entities. This issue can be exploited by an attacker sending a crafted HTTP request in order to exfiltrate information or cause a Denial of Service.",
"id": "GHSA-mf73-ph8w-ggjg",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:57:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:57:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-14473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tarlogic.com/en/blog/vulnerabilities-in-ocs-inventory-2-4-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFH5-WQQV-JP8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:12 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:12IBM Rhapsody DM 5.0 through 5.0.2 and 6.0 through 6.0.5 is vulnerable to a XML External Entity Injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose sensitive information or consume memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 140091.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1456"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-06T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Rhapsody DM 5.0 through 5.0.2 and 6.0 through 6.0.5 is vulnerable to a XML External Entity Injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose sensitive information or consume memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 140091.",
"id": "GHSA-mfh5-wqqv-jp8q",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:12:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:12:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/140091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22016795"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MGH8-HCWJ-H57V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-02-04 22:37 – Updated: 2021-08-19 16:53The XML content type entity deserializer in Apache Olingo versions 4.0.0 to 4.6.0 is not configured to deny the resolution of external entities. Request with content type "application/xml", which trigger the deserialization of entities, can be used to trigger XXE attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.olingo:odata-client-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.6.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.olingo:odata-server-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-02-04T22:29:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The XML content type entity deserializer in Apache Olingo versions 4.0.0 to 4.6.0 is not configured to deny the resolution of external entities. Request with content type \"application/xml\", which trigger the deserialization of entities, can be used to trigger XXE attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-mgh8-hcwj-h57v",
"modified": "2021-08-19T16:53:27Z",
"published": "2020-02-04T22:37:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/olingo-odata4/commit/5948974ad28271818e2afe747c71cde56a7f2c63"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/olingo-odata4/commit/c3f982db3d97e395d313ae8f231202bb2139882c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OLINGO-1409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6d03e45b81eab03580cf7f8bb51cb3e9a1b10a2cc0c6a2d3cc92ed0c@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/olingo-user/201912.mbox/%3CCAGSZ4d7Ty%3DL-n_iAzT6vcQp65BY29XZDS5tMoM8MdDrb1moM7A%40mail.gmail.com%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155619/Apache-Olingo-OData-4.6.x-XML-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference in Apache Olingo"
}
GHSA-MGJG-HM5J-P2WQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-05 15:30A blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability exists in the Add UCS Device functionality of ManageEngine OpManager 12.6.168. A specially crafted XML file can lead to SSRF. An attacker can serve a malicious XML payload to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-30T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability exists in the Add UCS Device functionality of ManageEngine OpManager 12.6.168. A specially crafted XML file can lead to SSRF. An attacker can serve a malicious XML payload to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-mgjg-hm5j-p2wq",
"modified": "2023-04-05T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-03-30T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/itom/advisory/cve-2022-43473.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MH7G-99W9-XPJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-17 19:56 – Updated: 2024-04-12 21:09Remote code execution occurs in Apache Solr before versions 5.5.5, 6.6.2 and 7.1.0 by exploiting XXE in conjunction with use of a Config API add-listener command to reach the RunExecutableListener class. Elasticsearch, although it uses Lucene, is NOT vulnerable to this. Note that the XML external entity expansion vulnerability occurs in the XML Query Parser which is available, by default, for any query request with parameters deftype=xmlparser and can be exploited to upload malicious data to the /upload request handler or as Blind XXE using ftp wrapper in order to read arbitrary local files from the Solr server. Note also that the second vulnerability relates to remote code execution using the RunExecutableListener available on all affected versions of Solr
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12629"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:46:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-14T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Remote code execution occurs in Apache Solr before versions 5.5.5, 6.6.2 and 7.1.0 by exploiting XXE in conjunction with use of a Config API add-listener command to reach the RunExecutableListener class. Elasticsearch, although it uses Lucene, is NOT vulnerable to this. Note that the XML external entity expansion vulnerability occurs in the XML Query Parser which is available, by default, for any query request with parameters deftype=xmlparser and can be exploited to upload malicious data to the /upload request handler or as Blind XXE using ftp wrapper in order to read arbitrary local files from the Solr server. Note also that the second vulnerability relates to remote code execution using the RunExecutableListener available on all affected versions of Solr",
"id": "GHSA-mh7g-99w9-xpjm",
"modified": "2024-04-12T21:09:29Z",
"published": "2018-10-17T19:56:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12629"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/commit/3bba91131b5257e64b9d0a2193e1e32a145b2a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/commit/d8000beebfb13ba0b6e754f84c760e11592d8d1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/commit/f9fd6e9e26224f26f1542224ce187e04c27b268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4259-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/searchtools_avi/status/918904813613543424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/joshbressers/status/919258716297420802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/ApacheSolr/status/918731485611401216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://s.apache.org/FJDl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/01/msg00028.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r95df34bb158375948da82b4dfe9a1b5d528572d586584162f8f5aeef@%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3da74965aba2b5f5744b7289ad447306eeb2940c872801819faa9314@%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r26c996b068ef6c5e89aa59acb769025cfd343a08e63fbe9e7f3f720f@%3Coak-issues.jackrabbit.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r140128dc6bb4f4e0b6a39e962c7ca25a8cbc8e48ed766176c931fccc@%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-11477"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mh7g-99w9-xpjm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:3123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mail-archives.us.apache.org/mod_mbox/www-announce/201710.mbox/%3CCAOOKt51UO_6Vy%3Dj8W%3Dx1pMbLW9VJfZyFWz7pAnXJC_OAdSZubA%40mail.gmail.com%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/10/13/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101261"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote code execution occurs in Apache Solr"
}
GHSA-MH83-JCW5-RJH8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-14 21:07 – Updated: 2022-01-20 15:33The TransformXML() function makes use of SAXParser generated from a SAXParserFactory with no FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING set, allowing for XXE attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "edu.stanford.nlp:stanford-corenlp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-14T20:54:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-13T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The TransformXML() function makes use of SAXParser generated from a SAXParserFactory with no FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING set, allowing for XXE attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-mh83-jcw5-rjh8",
"modified": "2022-01-20T15:33:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-14T21:07:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/corenlp/commit/1f52136321cfca68b991bd7870563d06cf96624d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stanfordnlp/corenlp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/3d7e70fe-dddd-4b79-af62-8e058c4d5763"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XML External Entity Reference in edu.stanford.nlp:stanford-corenlp"
}
GHSA-MHHF-PCPV-XQQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2024-09-18 21:30An issue was discovered in OverIT Geocall before version 8.0. An authenticated user who has the Test Trasformazione XSL functionality enabled can exploit a XXE vulnerability to read arbitrary files from the filesystem.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:45:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in OverIT Geocall before version 8.0. An authenticated user who has the Test Trasformazione XSL functionality enabled can exploit a XXE vulnerability to read arbitrary files from the filesystem.",
"id": "GHSA-mhhf-pcpv-xqqq",
"modified": "2024-09-18T21:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.yarix.com/2022/03/overit-framework-xslt-injection-and-xxe-cve-2022-22834-cve-2022-22835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.yarix.com/advisories/cve-2022-22835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://overit.us/products/geocall"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.overit.ai/product/nextgen-fsm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHJW-PXQP-CM9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02A CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference vulnerability exists that could cause loss of confidentiality when replacing a project file on the local filesystem and after manual restart of the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T08:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nA CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference vulnerability exists that\ncould cause loss of confidentiality when replacing a project file on the local filesystem and after\nmanual restart of the server. \n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-mhjw-pxqp-cm9c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:20Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T09:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2023-192-02\u0026p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2023-192-02.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHMR-F673-JQV8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:24The Single Sign-On feature in VMware vCenter Server 5.5 before U3e and 6.0 before U2a and vRealize Automation 6.x before 6.2.5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service via an XML document containing an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-12-29T09:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Single Sign-On feature in VMware vCenter Server 5.5 before U3e and 6.0 before U2a and vRealize Automation 6.x before 6.2.5 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files or cause a denial of service via an XML document containing an external entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (XXE) issue.",
"id": "GHSA-mhmr-f673-jqv8",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:24:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:24:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2016-0022.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHPC-25WR-QCWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:26IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager is vulnerable to a XML External Entity Injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose sensitive information or consume memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 123859.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-611"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-19T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Endpoint Manager is vulnerable to a XML External Entity Injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to expose sensitive information or consume memory resources. IBM X-Force ID: 123859.",
"id": "GHSA-mhpc-25wr-qcwq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:26:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:26:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/123859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22006014"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Many XML parsers and validators can be configured to disable external entity expansion.
CAPEC-221: Data Serialization External Entities Blowup
This attack takes advantage of the entity replacement property of certain data serialization languages (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) where the value of the replacement is a URI. A well-crafted file could have the entity refer to a URI that consumes a large amount of resources to create a denial of service condition. This can cause the system to either freeze, crash, or execute arbitrary code depending on the URI.