Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5519 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GCVE-1337-2026-000000000… (CVE-2026-105040)

Vulnerability from gna-1337 – Published: 2026-10-15 20:43 – Updated: 2026-10-15 20:43 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
EnergizeLab Eilik User-ID Mass Assignment Account Takeover
Summary
The EnergizeLab Eilik NestJS auth service accepts a user-controlled user ID in account update requests (mass assignment). A registered user can set another account's identifier and take over that account.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CNA · AHA (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
AHA! GNA GNA-1337
GNA scorecard C 73/100 over 11 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-15 12:00

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CVE-2026-122308 (GCVE-0-2026-122308)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 02:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:25
VLAI
Title
Kyverno before 1.19.2 Label Spoofing via Generation Handler processRequest
Summary
Kyverno before 1.19.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability in the Generation Handler that allows users with create/update permissions to trigger synchronized generate policies by spoofing internal generate.kyverno.io labels. Attackers can label a ConfigMap as managed-by kyverno with crafted policy, rule, and trigger labels to clone sensitive Secrets from restricted namespaces into their own namespace.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kyverno kyverno Affected: 0 , < 1.19.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-21 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-122019 (GCVE-0-2026-122019)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 21:45 – Updated: 2026-11-04 21:45
VLAI
Title
6amTech 6valley Social Login Flow existing-account-check existingAccountCheck authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in 6amTech 6valley 16.0. Impacted is the function existingAccountCheck of the file /api/v1/auth/existing-account-check of the component Social Login Flow. Such manipulation of the argument user_response leads to authorization bypass. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3825 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/431085 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/431085/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-122019 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/1024992 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/oscar2744/CVE-Submit/issues/3 exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
6amTech 6valley Affected: 16.0
    cpe:2.3:a:6amtech:6valley:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-122007 (GCVE-0-2026-122007)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 14:46 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:36 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Oqtane Framework before 10.3.0 Broken Access Control via SettingController
Summary
Oqtane Framework before 10.3.0 contains a broken access control vulnerability in SettingController.cs that allows an authenticated site administrator to read and modify settings belonging to other sites within the same tenant database by supplying an arbitrary entityId for Site or Role type settings, since IsAuthorized and FilterPrivate fail to verify the requested site matches the current alias SiteId. Attackers can exploit the /api/setting endpoints to disclose private values such as SMTPPassword, SMTPClientSecret, and ExternalLogin ClientSecret, and to alter another site's OIDC/OAuth2 authentication configuration without requiring host privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oqtane oqtane.framework Affected: 1.0.0 , < 10.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-11-04 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121945 (GCVE-0-2026-121945)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:31 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:44
VLAI
Title
CoopCycle coopcycle-web before 6.20.1 IDOR via Incident Resource and Action Endpoint
Summary
CoopCycle coopcycle-web before 6.20.1 contains a broken access control vulnerability that allows any courier to read and modify every incident because Incident operations only check ROLE_COURIER. Attackers can enumerate sequential incident ids and use PUT /api/incidents/{id}/action to re-price, cancel or reschedule other stores' orders and tasks.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CoopCycle coopcycle-web Affected: 0 , < 6.20.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-30 20:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121940 (GCVE-0-2026-121940)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:31 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:53
VLAI
Title
Stonewuu ai-fusion-video before 1.3.0 IDOR via Project, Asset and Script Controllers
Summary
Stonewuu ai-fusion-video before 1.3.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated users to access other users' projects by supplying unscoped object ids. Attackers can enumerate auto-increment ids on /api/project, /api/asset and /api/script handlers to read, overwrite, cascade-delete data, and add themselves as project members.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Stonewuu ai-fusion-video Affected: 0 , < 1.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-13 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121938 (GCVE-0-2026-121938)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:31 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:50
VLAI
Title
langchain4j-aideepin before 3.31.0 IDOR via GET /character/{uuid}
Summary
langchain4j-aideepin before 3.31.0 contains an insecure direct object reference vulnerability that allows authenticated users to read other users' character-chat conversations by supplying their character uuid. Attackers can request GET /character/{uuid}, which CharacterService.detail resolves without an ownership check, to obtain victims' questions, AI answers, and attachment and audio URLs.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
moyangzhan langchain4j-aideepin Affected: 0 , < 3.31.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-22 14:19
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121937 (GCVE-0-2026-121937)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:31 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:55
VLAI
Title
loonflow before r3.2.3 IDOR via ticket_flow_history Endpoint
Summary
loonflow before r3.2.3 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in TicketFlowHistoryView that allows any authenticated user to read other users' ticket flow history by supplying a ticket UUID. Attackers can request the ticket_flow_history endpoint, which skips ticket_view_permission_check, to obtain approval comments and processor names, emails and phone numbers.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
blackholll loonflow Affected: 0 , < r3.2.3 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:loonflow_project:loonflow:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-22 14:19
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121817 (GCVE-0-2026-121817)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 06:25 – Updated: 2026-11-04 20:00
VLAI
Title
About Time Technologies|Herowatch Go Server - Insecure Direct Object Reference
Summary
Herowatch Go Server developed by About Time Technologies has a Insecure Direct Object Reference vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers can modify specific parameters to access or operate other users' data and functions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 18:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
twcert CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 96 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-121734 (GCVE-0-2026-121734)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 22:55 – Updated: 2026-11-03 22:55
VLAI
Title
ZaneOps 1.14.0 before 1.15.2 Cross-Workspace Information Disclosure via ReviewPreviewEnvDeployAPIView
Summary
ZaneOps 1.14.0 before 1.15.2 contains an authorization bypass vulnerability that allows any workspace administrator to read another workspace's pending preview environment by querying ReviewPreviewEnvDeployAPIView without project scoping. Attackers can use the project slug and environment name from public fork pull request comments to retrieve plaintext environment variables and preview basic-auth credentials.
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7402 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zane-ops zane-ops Affected: 1.14.0 , < 1.15.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-11-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zane-ops/zane-ops/blob/v1.15.1/backend/zane_api/views/environments.py#L246-L248"
        },
        {
          "name": "ZaneOps v1.15.2 Release Notes",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zane-ops/zane-ops/releases/tag/v1.15.2"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: ZaneOps 1.14.0 before 1.15.2 Cross-Workspace Information Disclosure via ReviewPreviewEnvDeployAPIView",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zaneops-1.14.0-before-1.15.2-cross-workspace-information-disclosure-via-reviewpreviewenvdeployapiview"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ZaneOps 1.14.0 before 1.15.2 Cross-Workspace Information Disclosure via ReviewPreviewEnvDeployAPIView",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-121734",
    "datePublished": "2026-11-03T22:55:38.573Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-11-03T22:17:05.334Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T22:55:38.573Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.