CWE-674

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-11026"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-08T23:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "FontInfoScanner::scanFonts in FontInfo.cc in Poppler 0.75.0 has infinite recursion, leading to a call to the error function in Error.cc.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vr3-7g3c-x85q",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:21:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11026"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/issues/752"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T5JWQE2WP4W4F2FEYPYJQBPQIOG75MVH"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XGYLZZ4DZUDBQEGCNDWSZPSFNNZJF4S6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XWWVIYFXM74KJFIDHP4W67HR4FRF2LDE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.loginsoft.com/bugs/1508"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.hjson:hjson"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "laktak/hjson"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hjson/hjson-go/v4"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34620"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T20:38:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T14:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered hjson through 3.0.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or other unspecified impacts via crafted objects that deeply nested structures.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wfc-hjrc-gq87",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T22:35:10Z",
  "published": "2023-06-14T15:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34620"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-java/issues/24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-cpp/pull/54"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-go/pull/67"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-php/pull/45"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-go/commit/326599cebc6ef759892f473bf1439b98466a99fa"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-php/commit/2d1b8b4b158a8d841f3a228f267c7cd84fe5a4fa"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "hjson stack exhaustion vulnerability"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.intuit.karate:karate-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.3.1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-31T22:44:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe CVE \n![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/2663049/229081854-1155c041-56fa-48ca-a7ff-f2f085b845fd.png)\n\n\n### How to fix it\nVery simple, just upgrade json-path package to 2.8.0 (from 2.7.0) inside karate-core pom.xml ;)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-5x5q-8cgm-2hjq",
  "modified": "2025-01-07T15:11:49Z",
  "published": "2023-03-31T22:44:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/karatelabs/karate/security/advisories/GHSA-5x5q-8cgm-2hjq"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/oswaldobapvicjr/jsonmerge/security/advisories/GHSA-493p-pfq6-5258"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1370"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/karatelabs/karate"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Karate has vulnerable dependency on json-smart package (CVE-2023-1370)"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-30471"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in PoDoFo 0.9.7. An uncontrolled recursive call in PdfNamesTree::AddToDictionary function in src/podofo/doc/PdfNamesTree.cpp can lead to a stack overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-5xm5-v2qv-9j5r",
  "modified": "2022-12-21T15:30:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:03:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1947441"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "helm.sh/helm/v3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.17.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32387"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-10T13:48:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T23:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Helm contributor discovered that a specially crafted JSON Schema within a chart can lead to a stack overflow.\n\n### Impact\nA JSON Schema file within a chart can be crafted with a deeply nested chain of references, leading to parser recursion that can exceed the stack size limit and trigger a stack overflow. \n\n### Patches\nThis issue has been resolved in Helm v3.17.3.\n\n### Workarounds\nEnsure that the JSON Schema within any charts loaded by Helm does not have a large number of nested references. These JSON Schema files are larger than 10 MiB.\n\n### For more information\nHelm\u0027s security policy is spelled out in detail in our [SECURITY](https://github.com/helm/community/blob/master/SECURITY.md) document.\n\n### Credits\nDisclosed by Jakub Ciolek at AlphaSense.",
  "id": "GHSA-5xqw-8hwv-wg92",
  "modified": "2025-04-10T13:48:31Z",
  "published": "2025-04-10T13:48:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/helm/helm/security/advisories/GHSA-5xqw-8hwv-wg92"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32387"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/helm/helm/commit/d8ca55fc669645c10c0681d49723f4bb8c0b1ce7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/helm/helm"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Helm Allows A Specially Crafted JSON Schema To Cause A Stack Overflow"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "axios"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.15.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.31.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "axios"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.31.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42039"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T00:34:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T18:16:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\ntoFormData recursively walks nested objects with no depth limit, so a deeply nested value passed as request data crashes the Node.js process with a RangeError.\n\n### Details\nlib/helpers/toFormData.js:210 defines an inner `build(value, path)` that recurses into every object/array child (line 225: `build(el, path ? path.concat(key) : [key])`). The only safeguard is a `stack` array used to detect circular references; there is no maximum depth and no try/catch around the recursion. Because `build` calls itself once per nesting level, a payload nested roughly 2000+ levels deep exhausts V8\u0027s call stack.\n\n`toFormData` is the serializer behind `FormData` request bodies and `AxiosURLSearchParams` (used by `buildURL` when `params` is an object with `URLSearchParams` unavailable, see `lib/helpers/buildURL.js:53` and `lib/helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js:36`). Any server-side code that forwards a client-supplied object into `axios({ data, params })` therefore reaches the recursive walker with attacker-controlled depth.\n\nThe RangeError is thrown synchronously from inside `forEach`, escapes `toFormData`, and propagates out of the axios request call. In typical Express/Fastify request handlers this terminates the running request; in synchronous startup paths or worker threads it can crash the whole process.\n\n### PoC\n```js\nimport toFormData from \u0027axios/lib/helpers/toFormData.js\u0027;\nimport FormData from \u0027form-data\u0027;\n\nfunction nest(depth) {\n  let o = { leaf: 1 };\n  for (let i = 0; i \u003c depth; i++) o = { a: o };\n  return o;\n}\n\ntry {\n  toFormData(nest(2500), new FormData());\n} catch (e) {\n  console.log(e.name + \u0027: \u0027 + e.message);\n}\n// RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded\n```\n\nServer-side reachability example:\n```js\n// vulnerable proxy pattern\napp.post(\u0027/forward\u0027, async (req, res) =\u003e {\n  await axios.post(\u0027https://upstream/api\u0027, req.body); // req.body user-controlled\n  res.send(\u0027ok\u0027);\n});\n// attacker POST /forward with {\"a\":{\"a\":{\"a\":... 2500 deep ...}}}\n// -\u003e toFormData build() overflows -\u003e request handler crashes\n```\n\nVerified on axios 1.15.0 (latest, 2026-04-10), Node.js 20, 3/3 PoC runs reproduce the RangeError at depth 2500.\n\n### Impact\nA remote, unauthenticated attacker who can influence an object passed to axios as request `data` or `params` triggers an uncaught RangeError inside the synchronous recursive walker. In server-side applications that proxy or re-send client JSON through axios this crashes the request handler and, in worker/cluster setups, the process. Fix by bounding recursion depth in `toFormData`\u0027s `build` function (reject or throw on depths beyond a configurable limit, e.g. 100) or rewriting the walker iteratively.",
  "id": "GHSA-62hf-57xw-28j9",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T15:54:28Z",
  "published": "2026-05-05T00:34:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-62hf-57xw-28j9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42039"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/85132ffba1a77609ea5d101c8a413dea7174932f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/releases/tag/v1.15.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Axios: unbounded recursion in toFormData causes DoS via deeply nested request data"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "sqlparse"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-01T11:08:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-30T15:15:53Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-2m57-hf25-phgg. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nPassing a heavily nested list to sqlparse.parse() leads to a Denial of Service due to RecursionError.",
  "id": "GHSA-62qf-jcq8-8gxw",
  "modified": "2024-05-01T11:08:47Z",
  "published": "2024-04-30T15:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4340"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse/commit/b4a39d9850969b4e1d6940d32094ee0b42a2cf03"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2m57-hf25-phgg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/sqlparse-stack-exhaustion-dos-jfsa-2024-001031292"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: sqlparse parsing heavily nested list leads to Denial of Service",
  "withdrawn": "2024-05-01T11:08:47Z"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "katex"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.12.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.16.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28243"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-606",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-25T19:38:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-25T20:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nKaTeX users who render untrusted mathematical expressions could encounter malicious input using `\\edef` that causes a near-infinite loop, despite setting `maxExpand` to avoid such loops. This can be used as an availability attack, where e.g. a client rendering another user\u0027s KaTeX input will be unable to use the site due to memory overflow, tying up the main thread, or stack overflow.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to KaTeX v0.16.10 to remove this vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\nForbid inputs containing the substring `\"\\\\edef\"` before passing them to KaTeX.\n(There is no easy workaround for the auto-render extension.)\n\n### Details\nKaTeX supports an option named `maxExpand` which prevents infinitely recursive macros from consuming all available memory and/or triggering a stack overflow error. However, what counted as an \"expansion\" is a single macro expanding to any number of tokens. The expand-and-define TeX command `\\edef` can be used to build up an exponential number of tokens using only a linear number of expansions according to this definition, e.g. by repeatedly doubling the previous definition. This has been corrected in KaTeX v0.16.10, where every expanded token in an `\\edef` counts as an expansion.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue or security advisory in the [KaTeX repository](https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/)\n* Email us at [katex-security@mit.edu](mailto:katex-security@mit.edu)",
  "id": "GHSA-64fm-8hw2-v72w",
  "modified": "2026-02-05T15:26:49Z",
  "published": "2024-03-25T19:38:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/security/advisories/GHSA-64fm-8hw2-v72w"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28243"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/github/advisory-database/pull/6777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/commit/e88b4c357f978b1bca8edfe3297f0aa309bcbe34"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "KaTeX\u0027s maxExpand bypassed by `\\edef`"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "rhai"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.18.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-36760"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-120",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-13T22:03:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T18:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack overflow vulnerability was found in version 1.18.0 of rhai. The flaw position is: (/ SRC/rhai/SRC/eval/STMT. Rs in rhai: : eval: : STMT: : _ $LT $impl $u20 $rhai.. engine.. Engine$GT$::eval_stmt::h3f1d68ce37fc6e96). Due to the stack overflow is a recursive call/SRC/rhai/SRC/eval/STMT. Rs file eval_stmt_block function.",
  "id": "GHSA-67fv-9r7g-432h",
  "modified": "2024-07-05T21:21:55Z",
  "published": "2024-06-13T18:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rhaiscript/rhai/commit/308d07a11d3bff0d230f685a6320292181e5a445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MageWeiG/VulnerabilityCollection/blob/main/CVE-2024-36760/info.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rhaiscript/rhai"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rhai stack overflow vulenrability"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.5.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.5.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "protobufjs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44289"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-12T15:01:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T16:16:55Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nprotobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while decoding nested protobuf data. This affected both skipping unknown group fields and generated decoding of nested message fields.\n\nA crafted protobuf binary payload could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during decoding.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can provide protobuf binary data decoded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause decoding to fail with a stack overflow.\n\nThis affects applications that decode untrusted protobuf binary input with affected versions.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n- The application must decode protobuf binary data influenced by an attacker.\n- The crafted input must contain deeply nested protobuf structures, such as nested group tags or nested message fields.\n- The affected decoder path must process the crafted input.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nAvoid decoding untrusted protobuf binary data with affected versions. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reject excessively nested messages at an outer protocol boundary where feasible, or isolate protobuf decoding in a process that can be safely restarted.",
  "id": "GHSA-685m-2w69-288q",
  "modified": "2026-05-14T20:35:08Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T15:01:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-685m-2w69-288q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44289"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v7.5.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.0.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "protobuf.js: Denial of service through unbounded protobuf recursion"
}