Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-674
Allowed-with-ReviewUncontrolled Recursion
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.
615 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-59927 (GCVE-0-2026-59927)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:24 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mistune directives/include: mutual `.. include::` recursion crashes the renderer with `RecursionError`, denial of service via two attacker-controlled markdown files
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, the Include directive in src/mistune/directives/include.py detects only direct self-includes and not indirect cycles, allowing two markdown files that include each other to trigger unbounded recursion, raise RecursionError, and crash the rendering request. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/1bef343… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-57081 (GCVE-0-2026-57081)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 11:05 – Updated: 2026-06-30 15:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Net::BitTorrent versions through 2.0.1 for Perl allow remote memory exhaustion via deeply nested bencoded input
Summary
Net::BitTorrent versions through 2.0.1 for Perl allow remote memory exhaustion via deeply nested bencoded input.
bdecode recurses once per nested list or dictionary level with no depth cap, and each recursive call receives the remaining buffer by value while the list and dictionary branches capture the whole remainder, so every live recursion frame keeps its own copy of the shrinking buffer (O(N^2) bytes for an N-deep input). The decoder runs on every untrusted bencode source: .torrent files, BEP09 metadata fetched from peers, DHT messages, and tracker responses.
A bencoded input of roughly 150,000 nested lists (about 150 KB on the wire) drives multi-gigabyte peak memory, so one short message from any peer, or one crafted .torrent file or magnet link, terminates the client.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sanko/Net-BitTorrent.pm/securi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SANKO | Net::BitTorrent |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-56148 (GCVE-0-2026-56148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 16:17 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Elasticsearch Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674) in Elasticsearch can lead to a denial of service via Excessive Allocation (CAPEC-130). An authenticated user can submit a specially crafted query that causes excessive resource consumption while the request is processed, which may render the affected node unavailable.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
9.4.0 , ≤ 9.4.2
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.3.5 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , ≤ 8.19.16 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-55594 (GCVE-0-2026-55594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 18:58 – Updated: 2026-07-02 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick: Stack Overflow in MVG decoder due to missing depth check.
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26, a missing depth check in the MVG decoder will result in a stack overflow when a crafted image is provided. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-51 and 7.1.2-26.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
>= 7.0.1-0, < 7.1.2-26
Affected: < 6.9.13-51 |
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CVE-2026-54888 (GCVE-0-2026-54888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 19:10 – Updated: 2026-06-30 04:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uncontrolled recursion over deeply nested Markdown crashes the BEAM in mdex
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in leandrocp mdex allows denial of service via deeply nested Markdown input.
mdex converts between an Elixir %MDEx.Document{} struct and Comrak's internal AST using two mutually recursive Rust functions, ex_document_to_comrak_ast and comrak_ast_to_ex_document, in the NIF source file document.rs. Neither function enforces a maximum nesting depth, so the recursion depth is bounded only by the structure of the input. An attacker who can get a Markdown document rendered (for example through MDEx.parse_document!/1 or MDEx.to_html/1) can supply a document with thousands of nested block quotes, which drives unbounded recursion across the NIF boundary and exhausts the native C stack.
Because the resulting stack overflow is an uncatchable SIGSEGV raised inside a NIF, it cannot be contained by the Erlang runtime. It terminates the operating system process running the BEAM, killing every Elixir and Erlang process on the node, not just the caller that triggered the render. No authentication or special privileges are required.
The vulnerable conversion code was extracted from mdex into the separate mdex_native package starting in mdex 0.12.3. This issue affects mdex from 0.3.0 before 0.12.3 and mdex_native from 0.1.0 before 0.2.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/leandrocp/mdex_native/security… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54888.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54888 | related |
| https://github.com/leandrocp/mdex_native/commit/9… | patch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| leandrocp | mdex |
Affected:
0.3.0 , < 0.12.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex |
Affected:
d0bc7d55177727c61d188ef465178ab3b81f4f2c , < 6ed94d905f97af188323f042698ae841c02293b4
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex_native |
Affected:
0.1.0 , < 0.2.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex_native:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| leandrocp | mdex_native |
Affected:
956528c5e31746253347029e810a969ab916fd27 , < 947696c47bc22bea5dffc0f78c946fa6b70ce183
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:leandrocp:mdex_native:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-54297 (GCVE-0-2026-54297)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 15:50 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Faraday: Uncontrolled recursion in NestedParamsEncoder allows stack exhaustion DoS via deeply nested query parameters
Summary
Faraday is an HTTP client library abstraction layer that provides a common interface over many adapters. From 1.0.0 until 1.10.6 and 2.14.3, Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth. A crafted query string causes Faraday to build a deeply nested Ruby Hash structure. The internal dehash routine then recursively walks this attacker-controlled structure without a depth limit. At sufficient depth, Ruby raises an uncaught SystemStackError (stack level too deep), crashing the calling thread or worker. This can lead to denial of service in applications that pass attacker-controlled query strings to Faraday's nested query parsing or URL-building paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.6 and 2.14.3.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-54297 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2492252 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| lostisland | faraday |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 1.10.6
Affected: >= 2.0.0.alpha.pre.1, < 2.14.3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
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CVE-2026-54269 (GCVE-0-2026-54269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:23 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
protobufjs: Schema-derived names can shadow runtime-significant properties
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 8.6.0 and 7.6.3, protobufjs accepted certain schema-derived names that could collide with properties used by protobufjs runtime helpers. The known affected names are fields named hasOwnProperty, field or oneof names such as $type when loaded through protobufjs JSON/reflection descriptors, and service methods whose generated helper name is rpcCall. When affected message or service types were used, protobufjs could read schema-controlled data where it expected an own-property helper, reflected type metadata, or the base RPC helper. This could cause deterministic exceptions or recursive calls in affected decode post-checks, verification, object conversion, reflected JSON serialization, or protobufjs RPC helper invocation. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.0 and 7.6.3.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | protobuf.js |
Affected:
< 7.6.3
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.6.0 |
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CVE-2026-49941 (GCVE-0-2026-49941)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-04 16:07 – Updated: 2026-06-04 18:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate IP addresses
Summary
Net::CIDR::Set versions through 0.20 for Perl did not validate IP addresses.
The add method called the _encode method to parse addresses. If the addresses did not look like netmasks or network ranges, then they were assumed to single IP addresses and passed back to itself as a 32-bit or 128-bit netmask.
If the argument was not a well-formed IP address, then this would lead to indefinite recursion.
An attacker could use this to cause a denial of service.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RRWO | Net::CIDR::Set |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.20
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-49847 (GCVE-0-2026-49847)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 16:05 – Updated: 2026-06-09 20:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeSWITCH: Stack overflow in bundled cJSON parser via deeply nested JSON
Summary
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.1, a single unauthenticated WebSocket frame containing a deeply nested JSON document crashes the FreeSWITCH process via stack overflow, terminating all calls and sessions on the host. The recursion drives the worker thread's stack pointer into the stack guard page, raising SIGSEGV from the kernel before any usable write primitive develops. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| signalwire | freeswitch |
Affected:
< 1.11.1
|
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CVE-2026-49451 (GCVE-0-2026-49451)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 16:01 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft.OpenAPI: Circular schema references may terminate OpenAPI parsing
Summary
The OpenAPI.NET SDK contains a useful object model for OpenAPI documents in .NET along with common serializers to extract raw OpenAPI JSON and YAML documents from the model. From 2.0.0-preview11 until 2.7.5 and 3.5.4, a small OpenAPI document containing a circular schema reference can cause process termination through stack overflow in Microsoft.OpenApi. The issue affects OpenAPI document parsing through public OpenAPI.NET reader APIs and has been confirmed across both JSON and YAML reader paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.5 and 3.5.4.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/microsoft/OpenAPI.NET/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| microsoft | OpenAPI.NET |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0-preview11, < 2.7.5
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.5.4 |
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Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.
Mitigation
Implementation
Increase the stack size.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.