CVE-2026-78228 (GCVE-0-2026-78228)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-30 11:51 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.
The generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job's attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.
This issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/security/… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78228.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78228 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/commit/85… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_oban |
Affected:
0.8.0-rc.1 , < 0.8.14
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| ash-project | ash_oban |
Affected:
5d117ed2006df7277561c69dbfd39281da6ace9f , < 851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eA trigger must declare an \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "A trigger must declare an `on_error` action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that `on_error` action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."
}
],
"value": "A trigger must declare an on_error action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that on_error action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "0.8.14",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.8.0-rc.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Zach Daniel / Ash Project"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe generated worker\u0027s atomic \u003ccode\u003ehandle_error/4\u003c/code\u003e runs the trigger\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a \u003ccode\u003erescue\u003c/code\u003e that, when the action itself raises, calls \u003ccode\u003ehandle_error/4\u003c/code\u003e again with the same job. The job\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eattempt\u003c/code\u003e still equals \u003ccode\u003emax_attempts\u003c/code\u003e, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s `on_error` action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker\u0027s atomic `handle_error/4` runs the trigger\u0027s `on_error` action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a `rescue` that, when the action itself raises, calls `handle_error/4` again with the same job. The job\u0027s `attempt` still equals `max_attempts`, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic `on_error` failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."
}
],
"value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker\u0027s atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger\u0027s on_error action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job\u0027s attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 5.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-674",
"description": "CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/security/advisories/GHSA-94p7-498r-mrhp"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78228.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78228"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/commit/851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-78228",
"datePublished": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-30T00:00:01.991Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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