CVE-2026-78228 (GCVE-0-2026-78228)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-30 11:51 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:56
VLAI
Title
Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers
Summary
Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger's on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service. The generated worker's atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger's on_error action on a job's final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job's attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker. This issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
ash-project ash_oban Affected: 0.8.0-rc.1 , < 0.8.14 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
ash-project ash_oban Affected: 5d117ed2006df7277561c69dbfd39281da6ace9f , < 851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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                "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "\u0027Elixir.AshOban.Transformers.DefineSchedulers\u0027"
              ],
              "packageName": "ash-project/ash_oban",
              "packageURL": "pkg:github/ash-project/ash_oban",
              "product": "ash_oban",
              "programFiles": [
                "lib/transformers/define_schedulers.ex"
              ],
              "programRoutines": [
                {
                  "name": "\u0027Elixir.AshOban.Transformers.DefineSchedulers\u0027:handle_error/4"
                }
              ],
              "repo": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban",
              "vendor": "ash-project",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5d117ed2006df7277561c69dbfd39281da6ace9f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "configurations": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eA trigger must declare an \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "A trigger must declare an `on_error` action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that `on_error` action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."
                }
              ],
              "value": "A trigger must declare an on_error action and run through the atomic worker branch. An attacker needs only to drive that on_error action into a deterministic failure (for example by pushing the record into a state the action rejects) and let the job reach its final attempt."
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_oban:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "0.8.14",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "0.8.0-rc.1",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ],
              "operator": "AND"
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "finder",
              "value": "Peter Ullrich"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "reporter",
              "value": "Peter Ullrich"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "remediation developer",
              "value": "Zach Daniel / Ash Project"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "coordinator",
              "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eUncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe generated worker\u0027s atomic \u003ccode\u003ehandle_error/4\u003c/code\u003e runs the trigger\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a \u003ccode\u003erescue\u003c/code\u003e that, when the action itself raises, calls \u003ccode\u003ehandle_error/4\u003c/code\u003e again with the same job. The job\u0027s \u003ccode\u003eattempt\u003c/code\u003e still equals \u003ccode\u003emax_attempts\u003c/code\u003e, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic \u003ccode\u003eon_error\u003c/code\u003e failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s `on_error` action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker\u0027s atomic `handle_error/4` runs the trigger\u0027s `on_error` action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a `rescue` that, when the action itself raises, calls `handle_error/4` again with the same job. The job\u0027s `attempt` still equals `max_attempts`, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic `on_error` failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in ash-project ash_oban allows a user who can drive a trigger\u0027s on_error action to fail on the final attempt to exhaust worker CPU and memory, denying service.\n\nThe generated worker\u0027s atomic handle_error/4 runs the trigger\u0027s on_error action on a job\u0027s final attempt inside a rescue that, when the action itself raises, calls handle_error/4 again with the same job. The job\u0027s attempt still equals max_attempts, so it re-enters the same clause and re-runs the failing action, with no exit. Any deterministic on_error failure (a data-layer outage, a misconfigured action, or a record the action rejects) loops forever; because the recursive call is not in tail position, each iteration retains a formatted stacktrace and the process heap grows without bound while the failing statement is re-issued against the data layer until the runtime kills the worker.\n\nThis issue affects ash_oban: from 0.8.0-rc.1 before 0.8.14."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-130",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-674",
                  "description": "CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
            "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "shortName": "EEF"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory",
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/security/advisories/GHSA-94p7-498r-mrhp"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-78228.html"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-78228"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/ash-project/ash_oban/commit/851cd0e76ed882bf736fc48d10f96d037e26b5f0"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "Unbounded handle_error recursion enables denial of service in AshOban triggers"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "assignerShortName": "EEF",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-78228",
        "datePublished": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-08-30T00:00:01.991Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-30T11:51:49.621Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


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