Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-688

Weakness Allowed

Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product calls a function, procedure, or routine, but the caller specifies the wrong variable or reference as one of the arguments, which may lead to undefined behavior and resultant weaknesses.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Variant level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-628 · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation

This problem typically occurs when the programmer makes a typo, or copy and paste errors.

Detection methods

Other

While this weakness might be caught by the compiler in some languages, it can occur more frequently in cases in which the called function accepts variable numbers of arguments, such as format strings in C. It also can occur in loosely typed languages or environments. This might require an understanding of intended program behavior or design to determine whether the value is incorrect.

Content history
Submission: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-04-11 · CWE Draft 9
Modification: Sean Eidemiller · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated demonstrative examples

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Relationships, Other_Notes, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Modes_of_Introduction, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Description, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

8 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-101959 (GCVE-0-2026-101959)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 17:18 – Updated: 2026-10-14 20:26
VLAI
Title
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: A malformed LSP-ping causes an rpd crash
Summary
A Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to cause an rpd crash via specifically malformed LSP-ping.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 19:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-688 - Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument
Assigner
juniper CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 193 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Affected: 0 , < 23.2R2-S7.7 (custom)
Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S8.13 (custom)
Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R2-S5.5 (custom)
Affected: 24.4 , < 24.4R2-S5 (custom)
Affected: 25.2 , < 25.2R2-S2 (custom)
Affected: 25.4 , < 25.4R1-S3 (custom)
Affected: 26.2 , < 26.2R1-S2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved Affected: 0 , < 23.2R2-S7.7-EVO (custom)
Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S8.11-EVO (custom)
Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R2-S5.6-EVO (custom)
Affected: 24.4 , < 24.4R2-S5-EVO (custom)
Affected: 25.2 , < 25.2R2-S2-EVO (custom)
Affected: 25.4 , < 25.4R1-S3-EVO (custom)
Affected: 26.2 , < 26.2R1-S2-EVO (custom)
Affected: 23.4X100 (custom)
Affected: 25.2X100 , < 25.2X100-D35-EVO (custom)
Affected: 25.4X300 , < 25.4X300-D40-EVO (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-14 16:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-76878 (GCVE-0-2026-76878)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 22:04 – Updated: 2026-11-12 05:05
VLAI
Summary
In OpenStack Aodh before 22.0.1, the alarm list API bypasses project scoping when the all_projects query parameter is set to false. The API checks for the presence of the all_projects key rather than its value; a true value enforces the administrator-only policy, but a false value removes the key and skips the branch that normally restricts results to the caller's project. A non-admin user with the reader role can list alarms from all projects, exposing alarm actions containing trust webhook URLs, Heat signal endpoints, project IDs, and user IDs. The parameter can also be combined with a foreign project_id to target a specific project's alarms. A related concern is that OpenStack Watcher does not apply authorization to its webhook trigger endpoint. Any authenticated user who learns an audit's webhook URL, for example from this leaked Aodh alarm metadata, can start an EVENT audit and its associated action plan regardless of their own project or role. The webhook endpoint has lacked policy enforcement since its introduction in the Ussuri release (Watcher 4.0.0).
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 15:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-688 - Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2159 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenStack Aodh Affected: 10.0.0 , < 20.0.1 (semver)
Affected: 21.0.0 , < 21.0.1 (semver)
Affected: 22.0.0 , < 22.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-33549 (GCVE-0-2026-33549)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-22 02:03 – Updated: 2026-04-02 17:58
VLAI
Summary
SPIP 4.4.10 through 4.4.12 before 4.4.13 allows unintended privilege assignment (of administrator privileges) during the editing of an author data structure because of STATUT mishandling.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-23 15:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-688 - Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2159 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SPIP SPIP Affected: 4.4.10 , < 4.4.13 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:spip:spip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-33713 (GCVE-0-2021-33713)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-13 11:03 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:58
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in JT Utilities (All versions < V13.0.2.0). When parsing specially crafted JT files, a hash function is called with an incorrect argument leading the application to crash. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to cause a Denial-of-Service condition in the application.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-688 - Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument
Assigner
siemens CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 88 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Siemens JT Utilities Affected: All versions < V13.0.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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GHSA-25RC-JGC5-F99W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-20 00:35 – Updated: 2026-11-12 06:30
VLAI
Details

In OpenStack Aodh before 22.0.1, the alarm list API bypasses project scoping when the all_projects query parameter is set to false. The API checks for the presence of the all_projects key rather than its value; a true value enforces the administrator-only policy, but a false value removes the key and skips the branch that normally restricts results to the caller's project. A non-admin user with the reader role can list alarms from all projects, exposing alarm actions containing trust webhook URLs, Heat signal endpoints, project IDs, and user IDs. The parameter can also be combined with a foreign project_id to target a specific project's alarms. A related concern is that OpenStack Watcher does not apply authorization to its webhook trigger endpoint. Any authenticated user who learns an audit's webhook URL, for example from this leaked Aodh alarm metadata, can start an EVENT audit and its associated action plan regardless of their own project or role. The webhook endpoint has lacked policy enforcement since its introduction in the Ussuri release (Watcher 4.0.0).

Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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  "modified": "2026-11-12T06:30:19Z",
  "published": "2026-08-20T00:35:09Z",
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      "url": "https://launchpad.net/bugs/2161771"
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/11/msg00019.html"
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/11/msg00020.html"
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GHSA-GGVG-2X6J-4XQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in JT Utilities (All versions < V13.0.2.0). When parsing specially crafted JT files, a hash function is called with an incorrect argument leading the application to crash. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to cause a Denial-of-Service condition in the application.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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  "modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:41Z",
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GHSA-VQW7-GFMM-3MRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-10-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

A Function Call With Incorrect Variable or Reference as Argument vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to cause an rpd crash via specifically malformed LSP-ping.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-14T18:17:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
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  "id": "GHSA-vqw7-gfmm-3mrr",
  "modified": "2026-10-14T18:32:28Z",
  "published": "2026-10-14T18:32:28Z",
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GHSA-X592-5GWH-WJG9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-22 03:30 – Updated: 2026-03-22 03:30
VLAI
Details

SPIP 4.4.10 through 4.4.12 before 4.4.13 allows unintended privilege assignment (of administrator privileges) during the editing of an author data structure because of STATUT mishandling.

Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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  },
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  "id": "GHSA-x592-5gwh-wjg9",
  "modified": "2026-03-22T03:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-03-22T03:30:25Z",
  "references": [
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Mitigation
Testing

Because this function call often produces incorrect behavior it will usually be detected during testing or normal operation of the product. During testing exercise all possible control paths will typically expose this weakness except in rare cases when the incorrect function call accidentally produces the correct results or if the provided argument type is very similar to the expected argument type.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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