Find a vulnerability

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                "id": "CVE-2026-82390",
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                "timestamp": "2026-10-26T16:49:07.670669Z",
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          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T17:37:10.530Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
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          "packageName": "zephyr",
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          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/crypto/crypto_esp32_aes.c"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "aes_begin_session"
            },
            {
              "name": "aes_cbc_op"
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            {
              "name": "aes_ctr_op"
            },
            {
              "name": "aes_ecb_op"
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              "version": "4.3.0",
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          ]
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      ],
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          "value": "The Espressif AES driver drivers/crypto/crypto_esp32_aes.c advertises a multi-session cipher API \u2014 it hands out up to CONFIG_ESP32_CRYPTO_AES_SESSIONS_MAX (default 4) independent sessions, each carrying its own key and direction. The AES peripheral, however, has a single chip-global set of key and mode registers, and aes_begin_session() programmed them exactly once, at session start, outside the aes_lock mutex that serialises the transforms. The per-operation handlers aes_ecb_op(), aes_cbc_op() and aes_ctr_op() then ran aes_hal_transform_block() against whatever key and direction the registers happened to hold.\n\nAs a result, once a second session is opened with a different key, every subsequent operation on the first session silently uses the second session\u0027s key and direction, and no error is reported. Because the key programming happened outside the lock, the correct usage pattern of \"each thread does begin, then op, then free on its own session\" also races: a second thread\u0027s cipher_begin_session() landing between the first thread\u0027s begin and its operation makes that operation run under the second thread\u0027s key. An attacker who can induce session creation on the device \u2014 for example a protocol peer whose connection causes a session key to be installed \u2014 can influence which key is resident when a victim operation runs.\n\nThe impact is a cryptographic failure rather than memory corruption: data the application believed it was protecting under one key is encrypted or decrypted under another. Where the resident key is one the attacker knows or supplied, the affected plaintext becomes recoverable by that attacker, and the operation\u0027s direction (encrypt versus decrypt) can likewise be inverted. Exposure requires an application that holds two or more concurrent sessions with different keys against this driver; no in-tree Zephyr subsystem does so today (the 802.15.4 security layer, which does open two sessions, uses CCM mode, which this driver rejects), so the risk falls on application code that uses the documented multi-session API.\n\nThe fix removes all hardware access from aes_begin_session() and reprograms the key and direction at the top of every operation, inside aes_lock, so the chip-global registers can no longer be observed stale by another session."
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          "name": "GHSA-rvww-w3mx-r99q",
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      "title": "Cross-session AES key confusion in the Espressif ESP32 hardware crypto driver",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_ag.c",
            "subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_ag_internal.h"
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              "name": "bt_hfp_ag_connect"
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              "name": "bt_hfp_ag_discover_cb"
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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Bluetooth Classic Hands-Free Profile Audio Gateway role, hfp_ag_create() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_ag.c starts an SDP discovery toward the peer, which links the embedded ag-\u003esdp_param._node into the SDP client\u0027s pending request list in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/sdp.c. If the subsequent bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() call fails, bt_hfp_ag_connect() cleaned up by memset()-ing the entire AG object while that node was still linked, and while ag-\u003eslc_work could still be queued on the system work queue. An in-flight SDP discovery cannot be cancelled \u2014 bt_sdp_discover_cancel() is declared in the public header but has no implementation \u2014 so the request stays in the list with its func, pool and uuid pointers zeroed.\n\nThe RFCOMM channel passed to bt_hfp_ag_connect() is taken from the peer\u0027s own SDP Hands-Free service record in the normal AG flow (bt_sdp_get_proto_param() performs no range validation, and samples/bluetooth/classic/handsfree_ag feeds the value straight through), so a remote BR/EDR device in radio range that advertises an RFCOMM channel outside the valid range 0x01..0x1e deterministically forces bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() to fail and reach the wipe. Reading the peer\u0027s SDP record requires no pairing, and the peer can also trigger the failure by dropping the ACL or racing an RFCOMM DLC on the same DLCI at the right moment.\n\nWhen the SDP client next advances its request list, sdp_client_discover() dereferences the zeroed parameters \u2014 net_buf_alloc(param-\u003epool, \u2026) with a NULL pool and param-\u003euuid-\u003etype \u2014 and the result-notification paths call through the NULL params-\u003efunc. Zeroing a linked node also truncates the request list behind a stale tail pointer, and re-arming the freed AG slot re-appends the same node and can produce a self-looping list that hangs the Bluetooth RX thread. The impact is a crash or hang of the Bluetooth stack; the written value is a constant zero at a fixed static address, so no attacker-controlled write is available.\n\nOnly builds with CONFIG_BT_CLASSIC and CONFIG_BT_HFP_AG that use the Audio Gateway role are affected."
        }
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-476",
              "description": "memory-safety",
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              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
      ],
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T16:08:53.604Z",
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          "name": "GHSA-rrqj-542q-26jm",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-rrqj-542q-26jm"
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      "title": "Bluetooth Classic HFP AG wipes an object still linked in the SDP request list on connect failure, causing a NULL dereference",
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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              "name": "bt_hfp_hf_connect"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "bt_hfp_hf_connect() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_hf.c allocates the per-connection HFP Hands-Free object with hfp_hf_create(), which starts an SDP discovery by passing the object\u0027s embedded hf-\u003esdp_param to bt_sdp_discover(). That call links the caller-owned parameter block into the SDP client\u0027s request list (session-\u003ereqs in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/sdp.c). If the subsequent bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() then failed, the affected code wiped the entire object with (void)memset(new_hf, 0, sizeof(*new_hf)) while that discovery was still outstanding, zeroing the sys_snode_t _node that is still linked in the SDP client\u0027s list along with the request\u0027s func, uuid and pool pointers, and zeroing the hf-\u003eslc_work work item that may already be queued on the system workqueue. The discovery could not be retracted instead: bt_sdp_discover_cancel() is declared in include/zephyr/bluetooth/classic/sdp.h but has no implementation.\n\nThe failing branch is reachable with peer-supplied input. The documented use of bt_hfp_hf_connect() is to pass the RFCOMM channel read out of the remote Audio Gateway\u0027s SDP record; neither bt_sdp_get_proto_param() nor bt_hfp_hf_connect() range-checks that value, so a remote device advertising an HFP AG record with an RFCOMM channel outside 1-30 makes bt_rfcomm_dlc_connect() return -EINVAL and drives the local device into the wipe. The same branch is reached without any application misuse when the remote peer controls connection timing, for example when the RFCOMM session is in BT_RFCOMM_STATE_DISCONNECTING or the ACL is dropped between object creation and the RFCOMM call.\n\nOnce the object has been wiped, the Bluetooth host continues to use it: sdp_client_alloc_buf() dereferences session-\u003eparam-\u003epool, which is now NULL, and the SDP receive paths call session-\u003eparam-\u003efunc() through a null function pointer, neither of which is NULL-checked. Because the wipe also clears hf-\u003eacl, the pool slot is considered free and a retry or an incoming HFP connection re-appends the same still-linked list node, turning session-\u003ereqs into a self-referential list that the host\u0027s list walkers never leave. The result is a fault or an unrecoverable hang in the Bluetooth host thread; the stray indirect call is through an all-zero pointer whose target the attacker does not control, so the practical impact is denial of service.\n\nThe fix keeps the object allocated and marks it with a new BT_HFP_HF_FLAG_RELEASING flag, letting bt_hfp_hf_discover_cb() release it once the discovery completes instead of destroying it under the SDP client. Only builds with CONFIG_BT_CLASSIC and CONFIG_BT_HFP_HF enabled are affected."
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-398x-f7rq-5jj9"
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                "id": "CVE-2026-19742",
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          "value": "The IPv6 stack derived the long-lived secret key used to compute RFC 7217 stable interface identifiers (gen_stable_iid() in subsys/net/ip/ipv6.c) and RFC 8981 temporary interface identifiers (gen_temporary_iid() in subsys/net/ip/ipv6_pe.c) with sys_rand_get(). That API is documented as not cryptographically secure, while both RFCs require this key to be an unpredictable random value of at least 128 bits \u2014 the unpredictability of every generated IID rests entirely on it.\n\nDepending on the platform, sys_rand_get() resolves either to a hardware entropy device or, on boards whose entropy driver sets CONFIG_ENTROPY_NEEDS_PRNG, to the non-cryptographic xoshiro128++ generator in subsys/random/random_xoshiro128.c, which keeps a single global 128-bit state shared with every other sys_rand_get() consumer. Many of those consumers put their output directly on the wire (ephemeral source ports, DNS query IDs, CoAP message IDs and tokens, DHCPv6 transaction IDs, WebSocket masking keys), and the xoshiro state transition is invertible, so an observer of a device\u0027s traffic can recover the generator state and reconstruct the IID secret key. Additionally, with the entropy-device backend sys_rand_get() silently falls back to k_cycle_get_32() samples when the entropy driver fails, and returns no error, so the key could be derived from the cycle counter without the caller noticing.\n\nWith the key known, stable IIDs become directly computable for any prefix (the remaining HMAC inputs \u2014 prefix, interface index, interface name, DAD counter \u2014 are guessable), and temporary IIDs become linkable after a cheap search over the mixed-in k_uptime_get_32() value. This defeats the properties both features exist to provide: an attacker can track a device across networks and prefixes, and can predict its address inside a /64 without scanning, removing the usual barrier to directly targeting the host. There is no memory-safety, integrity, or availability impact.\n\nThe fix generates the key with sys_csrand_get() and aborts IID generation with -EIO when no cryptographic randomness is available, instead of silently deriving addresses from a predictable key. Both CONFIG_NET_IPV6_IID_STABLE and CONFIG_NET_IPV6_PE are experimental and disabled by default; builds using CONFIG_TEST_RANDOM_GENERATOR remain predictable by design, as sys_csrand_get() is deliberately routed back to the test generator there."
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          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/bluetooth/services/ots/ots_oacp.c"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "bt_gatt_ots_oacp_write"
            },
            {
              "name": "oacp_ind_send"
            }
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.4.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.3.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Object Transfer Service server builds its Object Action Control Point (OACP) response indication in oacp_ind_send() (subsys/bluetooth/services/ots/ots_oacp.c). Before this fix the four-byte Checksum Value field was appended whenever the requested op code was BT_GATT_OTS_OACP_PROC_CHECKSUM_CALC, regardless of the result code. The response payload is a bare, uninitialized four-byte stack buffer declared with NET_BUF_SIMPLE_DEFINE(resp_param, sizeof(uint32_t)) in bt_gatt_ots_oacp_write(), and it is filled only on the success path of oacp_checksum_proc_validate(). On every failure path the buffer is still empty, so net_buf_simple_pull_le32() was invoked on a zero-length buffer.\n\nThe OACP characteristic and its client characteristic configuration descriptor are declared with BT_GATT_PERM_WRITE and BT_GATT_PERM_READ | BT_GATT_PERM_WRITE, so no pairing, encryption, or authentication is required. Any peer within radio range that can connect to a device running the OTS server can enable OACP indications and write a nine-byte Calculate Checksum command that fails validation \u2014 for example by issuing it with no object selected, which returns BT_GATT_OTS_OACP_RES_INV_OBJ. Because oacp_command_decode() accepts the Calculate Checksum op code unconditionally (it is not guarded by CONFIG_BT_OTS_OACP_CHECKSUM_SUPPORT), builds without checksum support are reachable too: they answer BT_GATT_OTS_OACP_RES_OPCODE_NOT_SUP and take the same bad path.\n\nOn builds with CONFIG_ASSERT enabled, the zero-length pull trips the assertion inside net_buf_simple_pull_mem() and panics the device, giving a remotely triggered denial of service. On builds with assertions disabled there is no check: the pull returns the untouched stack array and four bytes of uninitialized stack memory are copied into the indication and transmitted to the peer, repeatable on every request. The disclosure is bounded to four bytes per request and the write stays inside the seven-byte res indication buffer, so there is no memory corruption; the impact is uninitialized-memory disclosure plus an availability loss in assertion-enabled configurations."
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-617",
              "description": "info-leak",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            },
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-908",
              "description": "info-leak",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T16:08:50.091Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/36145a6f1164e2e0a18c8c83d5b1be6e7d3f6e23"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-7c9w-mhqw-5g86",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-7c9w-mhqw-5g86"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth OTS server discloses uninitialized stack memory in failed Calculate Checksum responses",
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  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-81039",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
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                "timestamp": "2026-10-26T16:59:21.234445Z",
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
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            "subsys/bluetooth/host/hci_core.c",
            "subsys/bluetooth/host/hci_core.h"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
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              "name": "bt_hci_le_enh_conn_complete"
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              "name": "find_pending_connect"
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      ],
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Bluetooth host pre-allocates a bt_conn object (a \"reservation\") from the fixed acl_conns[] pool for every connectable advertising set it starts, in le_adv_start_add_conn() in subsys/bluetooth/host/adv.c. When an incoming peripheral connection completes, find_pending_connect() in subsys/bluetooth/host/hci_core.c looked that reservation up using only the identity and the peer address, with a directed-then-undirected fallback, and had no knowledge of which advertising set actually terminated. With CONFIG_BT_EXT_ADV_MAX_ADV_SET \u003e 1, where the LE Enhanced Connection Complete event is cached until the LE Advertising Set Terminated event identifies the set, this lookup can return the reservation belonging to a different, still-running advertising set.\n\nThe defect is reachable over the air by any adjacent device. If an application runs two connectable extended advertising sets on the same identity \u2014 one undirected and one directed at a peer P (the common \"directed reconnect to a bonded central while still accepting new centrals\" pattern) \u2014 a remote initiator whose address maps to P connecting on the undirected set causes the directed set\u0027s reservation to be consumed instead. The initiator address is chosen freely by the remote device and is not authenticated at link establishment, so no bonding, pairing or prior relationship is required to trigger the mis-attribution.\n\nThe undirected set\u0027s own reservation is then stranded: its BT_ADV_ENABLED flag has already been cleared, and le_adv_stop_free_conn() \u2014 the only path that returns a reservation to the pool \u2014 is reached only for sets that are still enabled, so bt_le_ext_adv_stop() returns early and the object is never released. Each occurrence permanently consumes one CONFIG_BT_MAX_CONN slot until bt_disable() or reboot. In application patterns that restart the directed advertising set after each disconnect, an attacker can repeat the sequence until the pool is exhausted, after which connectable advertising fails with -ENOMEM and the device can no longer accept connections. As a side effect the directed set keeps advertising without a reservation, so a genuine connection on it is dropped by bt_hci_disconnect(). The impact is availability only; no memory corruption or information disclosure results, and configurations with a single advertising set are unaffected."
        }
      ],
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-772",
              "description": "dos",
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              "type": "CWE"
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        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T16:08:48.940Z",
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        {
          "name": "GHSA-5jw9-rp59-ch2q",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-5jw9-rp59-ch2q"
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      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth Host connection reservation leak when multiple connectable advertising sets share an identity",
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          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/usb/device_next/class/bt_hci.c"
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          "programRoutines": [
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              "name": "bt_hci_tx_sync_in"
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          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Bluetooth HCI USB transport class of the new USB device stack, subsys/usb/device_next/class/bt_hci.c, copies every controller-to-host HCI packet into a USB transfer buffer before enqueuing it on an endpoint. bt_hci_tx_sync_in() allocated that buffer from bt_hci_ep_pool, a fixed pool whose slots are only USBD_MAX_BULK_MPS bytes (64 on full-speed-only builds), and then performed net_buf_add_mem(buf, bt_buf-\u003edata, bt_buf-\u003elen) with no length check. HCI event and ACL buffers are sized by CONFIG_BT_BUF_EVT_RX_SIZE and CONFIG_BT_BUF_ACL_RX_SIZE and can be far larger, so the copy runs past the end of the 64-byte slot into the adjacent slots and into whatever follows the statically allocated pool.\n\nThe device runs the local Bluetooth controller in raw HCI mode (CONFIG_BT_HCI_RAW), so the oversized packets originate over the air. With the HCI buffer sizes recommended for full-featured controllers, an unauthenticated attacker within Bluetooth range can supply the overflowing bytes: a connected peer that negotiates Data Length Extension can send ACL fragments up to CONFIG_BT_CTLR_DATA_LENGTH_MAX bytes, and an attacker that merely broadcasts extended advertising data reaches the same path through LE Extended Advertising Report events, which the controller fragments only to CONFIG_BT_BUF_EVT_RX_SIZE. In the stock configuration the overflow is already reached without any radio traffic: the mandatory Read Supported Commands command-complete event is 70 bytes and overruns the 64-byte slot by six bytes on every host initialization.\n\nBecause net_buf_add_mem() validates tailroom only through an assertion unless CONFIG_NET_BUF_HARDENING is enabled, builds with CONFIG_ASSERT=n \u2014 the usual production setting \u2014 silently corrupt memory adjacent to the USB buffer pool with attacker-chosen contents, which on a target without memory protection between subsystems can lead to arbitrary code execution. Builds with assertions enabled fail the assertion instead and panic, giving a remotely triggerable denial of service. The fix introduces a separate bt_hci_tx_pool sized to MAX(BT_BUF_ACL_RX_SIZE, BT_BUF_EVT_RX_SIZE) for the controller-to-host direction while leaving the host-to-device pool at the endpoint packet size, which is already bounds-checked during reassembly."
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            {
              "cweId": "CWE-787",
              "description": "bounds",
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          "name": "GHSA-w5px-w97v-c3hj",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-w5px-w97v-c3hj"
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      ],
      "title": "Out-of-bounds write in the USB Bluetooth HCI transport class when a controller-to-host HCI packet exceeds the bulk endpoint maximum packet size",
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          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/net/lib/dns/Kconfig",
            "subsys/net/lib/dns/resolve.c"
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          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "dns_resolve_init_locked"
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              "name": "dns_write"
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          "versions": [
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              "version": "1.8.0",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The DNS stub resolver in subsys/net/lib/dns/resolve.c binds one UDP socket per configured server when the resolver context is initialised (dns_resolve_init_locked() -\u003e register_dispatcher() -\u003e dns_dispatcher_register()), with the local port left at 0 so the stack picks an ephemeral port exactly once. dns_write() then sends every subsequent query from that same socket without re-binding, so the source port is constant for the lifetime of the resolver context while only the 16-bit transaction identifier (ctx-\u003equeries[i].id, drawn with sys_rand16_get()) varies per query. RFC 5452 section 9.2 requires both to vary; with a fixed port, an off-path attacker has to guess only the identifier.\n\nThe stable port is cheap to learn. Any single observed query reveals it permanently, and it can also be found by probing the ephemeral UDP range: subsys/net/ip/connection.c answers unmatched unicast UDP with an ICMP port-unreachable, so the resolver\u0027s socket is the one port in that range that stays silent. Acceptance of a reply is decided solely by get_slot_by_id() matching the transaction identifier and a CRC-16 of the queried name \u2014 the reply\u0027s source address is never checked (dispatcher_cb() does ARG_UNUSED(addr)), so forged answers need not even be spoofed to appear to come from the configured server; they only need to reach the resolver\u0027s port.\n\nAn attacker with UDP reachability to the device (same LAN, Wi-Fi or mesh segment, or a globally routable device address) can therefore flood answers for a predictable query name across the 16-bit identifier space during a query window and race the legitimate server. A win makes the application resolve an attacker-chosen address, and with CONFIG_DNS_RESOLVER_CACHE enabled the forged record is retained for its attacker-chosen TTL. The attack still requires winning that race, and applications that validate TLS certificates for the resolved endpoint are largely protected.\n\nThe fix draws a fresh local port before each query to a server that has nothing outstanding: dns_randomize_source_port() unregisters the dispatcher, closes and reopens the socket, and re-registers it bound to port 0 so the system selects a new port, raising the per-query guessing space from roughly 16 to roughly 31 bits. Multicast DNS and LLMNR are excluded because their ports are protocol-fixed. The behaviour is controlled by CONFIG_DNS_RESOLVER_RANDOMIZE_SOURCE_PORT (default y)."
        }
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            {
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              "description": "crypto",
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-23T19:56:18.319Z",
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-vwgx-h8w3-xwj7"
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      "title": "DNS resolver reuses a single UDP source port for all queries, easing off-path answer spoofing",
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          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
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          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "subsys/net/ip/dhcpv4.c",
            "subsys/net/lib/dhcpv4/dhcpv4.c"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_enter_rebinding"
            },
            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_enter_renewing"
            },
            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_send_decline"
            },
            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_send_discover"
            },
            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_send_request"
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            {
              "name": "dhcpv4_start_internal"
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            {
              "name": "net_dhcpv4_input"
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          ],
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        }
      ],
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          "value": "The DHCPv4 client in subsys/net/lib/dhcpv4/dhcpv4.c maintained its transaction identifier (iface-\u003econfig.dhcpv4.xid) as a counter rather than as a per-transaction random value. It was seeded once with sys_rand32_get() in dhcpv4_start_internal(), incremented by one in dhcpv4_send_discover() and dhcpv4_send_decline(), and never changed by dhcpv4_send_request() \u2014 so every RENEWING and REBINDING exchange reused, unchanged, the identifier that had already appeared on the wire in the broadcast DHCPDISCOVER at boot, and where the identifier did move it moved predictably by one. RFC 2131 4.1 requires a single identifier per transaction, chosen so that clients are unlikely to collide.\n\nThis identifier is the client\u0027s only unpredictable reply-validation token. net_dhcpv4_input() accepts a BOOTP reply on op, a matching xid, and a matching chaddr (the interface MAC, which is public); the UDP callback is registered with a wildcard remote address and port, and no server-identifier or source-address check is applied. An attacker who learns one identifier \u2014 for example any host on the same segment that sees the broadcast DHCPDISCOVER, or a DHCP server or relay on a network the device previously joined \u2014 therefore retains a valid token for the device\u0027s whole uptime, and can predict the identifiers of later exchanges, without having to observe the unicast renew traffic or race the legitimate server.\n\nA forged reply that passes those checks has effect regardless of client state, because dhcpv4_parse_options() applies its side effects before the state machine gate in dhcpv4_handle_reply(): the router option calls net_if_ipv4_set_gw() and the DNS option calls dns_resolve_reconfigure(). A single accepted datagram can thus repoint the device\u0027s default gateway and resolvers at attacker-controlled addresses, redirecting its traffic; during RENEWING or REBINDING a forged DHCPACK re-binds the lease with attacker-chosen parameters and a forged DHCPNAK removes the address and restarts configuration.\n\nThe fix draws a fresh sys_rand32_get() value at each point where a transaction begins \u2014 entering SELECTING, RENEWING and REBINDING, and at the INIT/INIT-REBOOT entry taken when an interface with a lease goes down \u2014 while REQUESTING and DECLINE keep the identifier of the exchange they belong to, as RFC 2131 requires. As a side effect the client also no longer discards a slow server\u0027s offer after retransmitting a discover, and the initial-discover backoff now draws its own randomness instead of deriving it from the identifier."
        }
      ],
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-p2q6-38x2-wmc8"
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          "value": "The RTIO streaming completion callback adxl345_process_fifo_samples_cb() in drivers/sensor/adi/adxl345/adxl345_stream.c clamps the amount of FIFO data it will report (read_len = MIN(fifo_bytes, buf_avail)) to the space actually returned by rtio_sqe_rx_buf(), but then queues one 6-byte bus read per hardware FIFO entry at consecutive offsets from read_buf, bounded by the device-reported entry count rather than by the clamp. When the allocated buffer is smaller than a full batch, the driver writes up to 186 bytes past the end of the allocation; a companion defect left data-\u003efifo_total_bytes un-reset at batch start, so an aborted or errored chain could leave a stale write offset that pushes the next batch\u0027s writes out of bounds as well.\n\nA short buffer is an expected, first-class outcome of the RTIO allocator: rtio_block_pool_alloc() walks the requested size down one block at a time until a contiguous run is available, and the driver only demands sizeof(struct adxl345_fifo_data) + 6 bytes as its minimum. Any streaming configuration whose mempool block granularity is smaller than a full FIFO batch (204 bytes) \u2014 for example the sensor shell\u0027s RTIO_DEFINE_WITH_MEMPOOL(sensor_read_rtio, 8, 8, 32, 64, 4) used by sensor stream \u003cdev\u003e on fifo_wm incl, or the 16-byte-block streaming example in the documentation \u2014 takes this path whenever the pool is fragmented or the consuming thread falls behind.\n\nThe out-of-bounds writes are performed by the I2C/SPI RTIO backend (DMA on many SoCs) into the shared RTIO block pool, corrupting neighbouring live buffers or, for a pool smaller than one batch, memory beyond the pool itself. The written bytes are accelerometer samples and the destination follows the allocation, so there is no controllable corruption primitive: the realistic impact is silent corruption of other RTIO consumers\u0027 data or a crash. Reaching it requires a board with an interrupt-wired ADXL345 built with CONFIG_ADXL345_STREAM, plus buffer-pool starvation, which a co-resident local workload can induce but which also occurs spontaneously under load; there is no network, USB or radio path to this code."
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          "value": "The WireGuard VPN service in subsys/net/lib/wireguard/wg.c updated the peer endpoint from a message it could not authenticate. In handle_transport_data(), when the 32-bit receiver index of an incoming transport-data message matched no session, the code both scheduled a new handshake and copied the datagram\u0027s source address into peer-\u003eendpoint with memcpy(\u0026peer-\u003eendpoint, peer_addr, sizeof(peer-\u003eendpoint)). Because the receiver index is unknown, there is no key with which such a message could be verified, so the address written into peer-\u003eendpoint is entirely attacker-supplied. Every other endpoint update in the implementation happens only after authentication \u2014 after the Noise handshake in handle_handshake_init(), or after AEAD decryption plus the anti-replay check in wg_process_data_message().\n\nThe WireGuard listener is registered with net_udp_register() using no remote address or port filter and defaults to UDP port 51820 (CONFIG_WIREGUARD_PORT), and wg_ctrl_recv() resolves the peer by interface rather than by any cryptographic identity. Any host able to send a UDP datagram to that port can therefore reach the defect off-path, with no need to observe legitimate traffic: a 16-byte datagram carrying the transport-data type, zeroed reserved bytes and an arbitrary receiver index is sufficient. The vulnerable branch runs whenever the peer has neither a valid handshake nor a current keypair \u2014 the state at boot and after a session expires.\n\nA single spoofed datagram redirects peer-\u003eendpoint to an address of the attacker\u0027s choosing, and all subsequent handshake initiations, keepalives and encrypted data packets are sent there. The legitimate peer never receives the initiations and so never re-authenticates, and nothing resets the endpoint afterwards, leaving the tunnel persistently unusable on devices whose peer does not initiate handshakes itself. The attacker can also relay the redirected initiations to the real peer to place itself in the path of the tunnel, observing ciphertext and traffic metadata and selectively dropping packets. WireGuard\u0027s end-to-end cryptography still prevents decryption or forgery of tunnel content, so the impact is loss of availability plus limited confidentiality, not key compromise.\n\nThe fix removes the endpoint learning from this path entirely: the stale-session recovery is kept, but the handshake is sent only to an endpoint learnt from an authenticated message, falling back to the configured cfg_endpoint, and the message is dropped when neither is known. CONFIG_WIREGUARD is marked experimental and is not enabled by default."
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          "value": "Zephyr\u0027s OpenThread integration defined CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_JOINER_PSKD with default \"J01NME\" in modules/openthread/Kconfig.thread (previously subsys/net/l2/openthread/Kconfig, then subsys/net/l2/openthread/Kconfig.thread). J01NME is the example Joining Device Credential used throughout the public OpenThread and Thread commissioning documentation, including Zephyr\u0027s own samples/net/sockets/echo_client/README.rst, so it is not a secret. A firmware image built with CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_JOINER_AUTOSTART=y that never overrode the PSKd therefore shipped with a publicly known joining credential compiled in, with no build-time or run-time warning.\n\nThe PSKd is the only value that authenticates Thread commissioning: joiner and commissioner run a DTLS-PSK handshake keyed on it, after which the commissioner supplies the full operational dataset. In ot_configure_instance() (modules/openthread/openthread.c), a device with no stored dataset calls otJoinerStart() with the configured PSKd, and ot_joiner_start_handler() calls otThreadSetEnabled() on success. An unauthenticated attacker within 802.15.4 radio range of an uncommissioned device (factory-fresh, after a factory reset, or after a settings erase) can run any stock Thread commissioner registered with J01NME, complete the handshake, and hand the device an attacker-controlled operational dataset.\n\nThe device then joins and enables Thread on the attacker\u0027s mesh. The attacker becomes its router, seeing, dropping, injecting and spoofing all of the device\u0027s IPv6 traffic and impersonating the peers the application expects, while the device is cut off from the network it was meant to join and stays mis-provisioned until it is reset. Only application-layer security with independently provisioned credentials survives. Exposure is limited to builds that enable joiner autostart and leave the PSKd unset; the option is not enabled by default and no in-tree sample uses the vulnerable combination.\n\nThe fix removes the default from CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_JOINER_PSKD and adds a BUILD_ASSERT() in modules/openthread/openthread.c, active only under CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_JOINER_AUTOSTART, that fails the build unless a 6-to-32-character PSKd is configured. Products should provision a per-device PSKd from factory data and call otJoinerStart() from the application rather than relying on a credential compiled identically into every unit."
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "value": "The device multiplexer pseudo-driver in drivers/misc/devmux/devmux.c exposes two system calls, devmux_select_get() and devmux_select_set(). When CONFIG_USERSPACE is enabled, their user-mode verifiers z_vrfy_devmux_select_get() and z_vrfy_devmux_select_set() forwarded directly to the kernel implementations without performing any kernel-object validation \u2014 no k_object_access_check() and no driver object check. Compounding this, DEVICE_DT_INST_DEFINE() registered devmux instances with a NULL driver API pointer, which causes scripts/build/gen_kobject_list.py to skip them entirely, so a devmux device had no struct k_object and no permission on it could be granted or withheld in the first place.\n\nAny thread running in user mode can reach the defect: device pointers such as DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_NODELABEL(devmux0)) are compile-time constants available to application code, and the syscall accepted them from a thread that had never been granted access to the device. The kernel implementations do validate the pointer against the static devmux instance table and bounds-check the selection index, so this is not a memory-safety issue; the failure is purely one of authorization. Exposure requires CONFIG_USERSPACE=y together with the experimental CONFIG_DEVMUX=y (which depends on CONFIG_DEVICE_MUTABLE) and a zephyr,devmux devicetree node.\n\nAn unprivileged user-mode thread can read and change which downstream device a multiplexer forwards to, bypassing the userspace object-permission model. Because a devmux forwards the data, configuration and API of the selected device \u2014 its documented use being zephyr,console and zephyr,shell-uart switching \u2014 an attacker can suppress console, log and shell output, redirect that output to a downstream device it is able to observe, or flip the selection underneath another thread that is legitimately using the multiplexer. The impact is bounded to the devicetree-fixed set of downstream devices; no out-of-bounds access or arbitrary pointer dereference is reachable.\n\nThe fix declares __subsystem struct devmux_driver_api and attaches a DEVICE_API(devmux, devmux_api) instance to each devmux device so that it becomes a tracked K_OBJ_DRIVER_DEVMUX kernel object, and adds K_OOPS(devmux_inst_get(dev) == SIZE_MAX) plus K_OOPS(k_object_access_check(dev) != 0) to both verifiers."
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          "value": "The MCTP-over-I2C+GPIO target binding in subsys/pmci/mctp/mctp_i2c_gpio_target.c emulates a small pseudo-register file, where the bus controller first writes a register number and then writes or reads payload bytes. The selected register (b-\u003ereg_addr) and the data-phase flag (b-\u003erxtx) were never cleared when the controller issued an I2C STOP, so after a completed transfer the target still had a data register selected while the packet buffer that register refers to had already been consumed and set to NULL by mctp_i2c_gpio_target_stop().\n\nA controller on the bus can re-enter the same branch of mctp_i2c_gpio_target_stop() with a NULL buffer using two ordinary transactions and no authentication: first a normal packet write to MCTP_I2C_GPIO_RX_MSG_ADDR followed by STOP (which delivers and frees b-\u003erx_pkt), then a bare read transaction followed by STOP. The failing read_requested() call leaves the stale state untouched and the I2C driver still delivers the STOP callback, which then calls mctp_bus_rx() with a NULL packet. The symmetric case exists on the transmit side, where the stale MCTP_I2C_GPIO_TX_MSG_ADDR selection dereferences b-\u003etx_pkt-\u003eend after b-\u003etx_pkt has been cleared and additionally signals b-\u003etx_complete a second time, causing the next outbound packet to be dropped.\n\nThe dereference happens in the I2C target interrupt handler, so on any target that traps accesses to address 0 the result is a fatal exception and a device reset or halt \u2014 a denial of service inflicted by any device able to act as controller on the shared management bus (for example compromised firmware on a peer MCTP endpoint or on the BMC). On parts where address 0 is readable, the impact degrades to a malformed packet buffer being handed to the MCTP stack and lost transmit packets. No attacker-controlled value is written and no confidentiality or integrity boundary is crossed.\n\nThe fix resets b-\u003ereg_addr to MCTP_I2C_GPIO_INVALID_ADDR and clears b-\u003erxtx at every STOP, so a new register must be selected before any data phase can run again. Only builds that opt into the experimental CONFIG_MCTP subsystem with CONFIG_MCTP_I2C_GPIO_TARGET=y are affected."
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          "value": "The Nuvoton NPCX eSPI driver parses Target-Attached-Flash (TAF) requests in espi_taf_parse() (drivers/espi/espi_npcx.c), taking the 12-bit length field directly out of the request header in the FLASHRXBUF FIFO. For write and RPMC OP1 requests it copied DIV_ROUND_UP(len, 4) words into struct espi_taf_pckt.src, a fixed 16-word (64-byte) member of a static structure, without ever comparing the length against that buffer or against the negotiated eSPI receive payload size (rx-plsize, 64 bytes on all in-tree NPCX/NPCK SoCs). Both the loop counter and the word count were uint8_t, so the copy ran up to 255 iterations.\n\nAn eSPI controller that emits a flash request whose header claims a payload larger than the negotiated maximum therefore drives up to 239 32-bit stores past the end of the structure \u2014 roughly 956 bytes of out-of-bounds write into .bss \u2014 from the eSPI flash receive interrupt handler, while the source reads walk past the end of the 18-word FLASHRXBUF register array into neighbouring eSPI registers. The same unvalidated length was then passed on to flash_write() in espi_taf_npcx_flash_write() with the 64-byte src buffer as source, reading up to 4 KB of adjacent controller SRAM into SPI flash at a host-chosen address, where the host can read it back. A related fixed-size stack buffer in taf_npcx_completion_handler() was overflowed by four bytes on the maximum-size completion path on SoCs whose tx-plsize is 64.\n\nThe defect is reachable only from the eSPI host side, and only by a request that violates the negotiated payload size, so it requires host firmware or bus-level control rather than ordinary host software; a compliant maximum-length write fits the buffer exactly and is handled correctly. Because TAF exists specifically so that the embedded controller arbitrates host access to shared flash (espi_taf_check_read_protect() / espi_taf_check_write_protect()), corrupting controller memory from a host-supplied field crosses the trust boundary the feature asserts; consequences range from controller crash or hang to corruption of driver state that gates the flash protection regions.\n\nThe fix widens the counters, rejects any request whose word count exceeds both ARRAY_SIZE(FLASHRXBUF) - NPCX_ESPI_FLASH_HEADER_ADDRESS_LEN and NPCX_TAF_RX_PAYLOAD_WORDS (derived from the devicetree rx-plsize), marks such packets with a new invalid_flag so espi_taf_work() answers them with an unsuccessful completion instead of processing them, bounds the transmit payload against FLASHTXBUF, and adds a default case for unsupported cycle types. Only configurations with CONFIG_ESPI_TAF enabled on an NPCX/NPCK target are affected; no in-tree board enables it by default."
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          "value": "The Infineon PSOC 6 BLESS HCI driver in drivers/bluetooth/hci/hci_infineon_psoc6_bless.c stored the outgoing HCI packet descriptor in a file-scope variable, static cy_stc_ble_hci_tx_packet_info_t hci_tx_pkt. psoc6_bless_send() cleared and populated that descriptor\u0027s packetType, dataLength and data fields before acquiring psoc6_bless_operation_sem, so the driver\u0027s serialising semaphore protected only the call into Cy_BLE_SoftHciSendAppPkt() and not the shared state that call reads.\n\nThe Bluetooth host does not guarantee a single HCI sender. Most transmissions are funnelled through the cooperative TX-processor work queue, but bt_hci_cmd_send() deliberately bypasses bt_dev.cmd_tx_queue for BT_HCI_OP_HOST_NUM_COMPLETED_PACKETS and calls bt_send() directly from the caller\u0027s thread; that caller is bt_hci_host_num_completed_packets(), the acl_in_pool destroy callback, which runs on whichever thread drops the last reference to a received ACL buffer. CONFIG_BT_HCI_ACL_FLOW_CONTROL defaults to y on this driver\u0027s boards, and an application that returns -EINPROGRESS from its L2CAP recv callback and later calls bt_l2cap_chan_recv_complete() performs that unref from its own preemptible thread. A remote peer that generates Bluetooth traffic concurrently with the device\u0027s own transmissions raises the collision rate.\n\nWhen two senders interleave, the semaphore holder can hand the controller a descriptor whose dataLength comes from one net_buf and whose data pointer comes from another \u2014 or one whose buffer has already been returned to its pool. The controller then copies and transmits up to a full HCI/ACL payload starting at a shorter or recycled buffer, disclosing adjacent RAM contents to the connected peer; other interleavings duplicate one HCI packet and silently drop another, disrupting the link. The driver only reads through the shared descriptor, so no memory corruption or write primitive results, and the disclosed bytes are not attacker-chosen. The fix makes the descriptor a local variable in psoc6_bless_send(), removing the shared state; Cy_BLE_SoftHciSendAppPkt() copies the packet before returning, so it need not outlive the call."
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          "value": "The Bluetooth Classic A2DP host stores a codec Information Element (IE) in struct bt_a2dp_codec_ie, a one-byte len field plus a fixed 8-byte codec_ie[] array. When an AVDTP peer sent a codec IE longer than 8 bytes, a2dp_process_config_ind() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/a2dp.c copied only the first 8 bytes but assigned the full, attacker-chosen length to len, and then persisted that inconsistent structure into the application\u0027s struct bt_a2dp_stream via stream-\u003ecodec_config. bt_a2dp_get_config_cb() and bt_a2dp_set_config_cb() had the same truncate-the-copy-but-keep-the-length pattern.\n\nEvery later consumer trusts len. In particular the responder for an incoming AVDTP GET_CONFIGURATION, a2dp_get_config_ind(), executes net_buf_add_mem(rsp_buf, \u0026ep-\u003estream-\u003ecodec_config.codec_ie[0], ep-\u003estream-\u003ecodec_config.len), so a paired BR/EDR peer that first sends a SET_CONFIGURATION carrying an oversized codec IE and then requests the configuration back causes the stack to read up to roughly 245 bytes past the end of the 8-byte array and transmit them in the response. codec_config is the last member of struct bt_a2dp_stream, so the read runs into memory adjacent to the application\u0027s stream object. The same inconsistency is also handed to the config_req(), reconfig_req() and get_config_rsp() application callbacks, where a natural memcpy() of len bytes performs a further out-of-bounds read.\n\nReaching the on-air disclosure requires CONFIG_BT_CLASSIC with CONFIG_BT_A2DP, an AVDTP peer that has completed pairing (the AVDTP L2CAP channel requires BT_SECURITY_L2), and a local endpoint registered for a non-SBC codec \u2014 BT_A2DP_MPEG1/BT_A2DP_MPEG2/BT_A2DP_ATRAC/BT_A2DP_VENDOR via BT_A2DP_EP_INIT() \u2014 because the SBC branch already pins the IE length to 4 bytes. The bt_a2dp_get_config_cb() response path has no such gate and hands the lying length to any application. There is no out-of-bounds write: the net_buf tailroom check bounds the destination, so the impact is limited to disclosure of a bounded region of adjacent RAM to the peer.\n\nThe fix replaces the hardcoded BT_A2DP_MAX_IE_LENGTH with the configurable CONFIG_BT_A2DP_CODEC_MAX_IE_LEN (default 8, range 4\u2013253), sizes codec_ie[] from it, and rejects any received IE that exceeds it instead of silently truncating, so len can no longer exceed the number of valid bytes."
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          "value": "The Broadcom AFBR-S50 time-of-flight sensor driver double-completes an RTIO submission when sensor data evaluation fails. In data_ready_work_handler() (drivers/sensor/broadcom/afbr_s50/afbr_s50.c), a non-STATUS_OK return from Argus_EvaluateData() calls handle_error_on_result(), which finalises the request with rtio_iodev_sqe_err(), but execution then fell through to the tail of the function and finalised the very same struct rtio_iodev_sqe a second time with rtio_iodev_sqe_ok(). Unlike the other error branches in the same function, this one did not return.\n\nBoth completion helpers reach rtio_executor_done() in subsys/rtio/rtio_executor.c, which returns the submission to the pool via rtio_sqe_pool_free() and, for streaming (multishot) submissions, also releases the RX buffer with rtio_release_buffer(). The second completion therefore reads a freed rtio_iodev_sqe, pushes the same mpsc node onto the submission queue while it is already on the pool free list \u2014 splicing the two lists together \u2014 and re-submits the freed request so the next measurement is written through an already-released buffer. For one-shot submissions it emits a spurious success completion carrying stale userdata and frees the same pool entry twice.\n\nThe failure branch is driven by sensor conditions rather than by host software. The vendor API documents statuses such as ERROR_ARGUS_BIAS_VOLTAGE_REINIT and ERROR_ARGUS_LASER_MONITOR_INACTIVE as transient results of harsh ambient light, so a party in front of the optical sensor can provoke the invalid-data condition without any physical contact with the board or any software access; SPI transfer errors reach the same branch. In releases before the payload.Status check was dropped, ordinary sharp distance transitions in the sensor\u0027s field of view were sufficient.\n\nImpact is corruption of the RTIO submission pool and mempool bookkeeping: aliased submissions, writes through released buffers, and duplicate completions delivered to the application. The attacker does not control the corrupted content, so the practical consequence is memory corruption and loss of availability on devices that instantiate brcm,afbr-s50, rather than directed code execution. Only builds that enable this driver are affected."
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      "title": "Double free of an RTIO submission in the Broadcom AFBR-S50 sensor driver data-evaluation error path",
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          "value": "The user-mode verifier for the peci_transfer() system call, z_vrfy_peci_transfer() in drivers/peci/peci_handlers.c, checked only the device object permission and copied the caller-supplied struct peci_msg with k_usermode_from_copy(). That copy validates the outer structure only; the buf pointers and len values inside the embedded struct peci_buf members tx_buffer and rx_buffer remained fully caller-controlled and were passed unchecked to the driver.\n\nEvery in-tree PECI driver dereferences those pointers in supervisor mode: peci_npcx_transfer() in drivers/peci/peci_npcx.c and peci_it8xxx2_transfer() in drivers/peci/peci_ite_it8xxx2.c copy hardware bytes into rx_buffer.buf[i] and read command bytes out of tx_buffer.buf[i], and peci_xec_read()/peci_xec_write() in drivers/peci/peci_mchp_xec.c do the same with no bound on rx_buffer.len at all. A user-mode thread that has been granted the PECI device object \u2014 the normal way an application exposes a device under CONFIG_USERSPACE \u2014 could therefore point rx_buffer.buf at kernel data structures and have the driver write hardware-supplied bytes there, or point tx_buffer.buf at kernel memory and have its contents pushed onto the PECI/eSPI out-of-band bus.\n\nThe impact is a full user-mode-to-kernel escape: an arbitrary kernel write primitive (integrity and, through it, code execution at supervisor privilege), an arbitrary kernel read disclosed to a PECI bus observer, and a trivially reachable supervisor-mode fault if an unmapped address is supplied. Exploitation requires CONFIG_USERSPACE=y, one of the PECI drivers enabled (CONFIG_PECI_NPCX, CONFIG_PECI_XEC or CONFIG_PECI_ITE_IT8XXX2), and local code execution in a user-mode thread holding the PECI device.\n\nThe fix adds K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_READ() and K_SYSCALL_MEMORY_WRITE() checks over the two embedded buffers, with a size_add_overflow() guard on the frame-check-sequence byte accounted for in the RX length."
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          "value": "The Bluetooth Classic Hands-Free Profile HF role in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_hf.c does not release the AT command buffers that are still queued on hf-\u003etx_pending when the RFCOMM DLC goes down. hfp_hf_disconnected() only cancelled the work items and cleared hf-\u003eacl, and no other code path ever dequeues those buffers, so each one is permanently lost from the fixed hf_pool (CONFIG_BT_MAX_CONN + 1 buffers, i.e. two in the default configuration). The same function also left BT_HFP_HF_FLAG_CONNECTED set, and hfp_hf_create() wiped the object with memset() as soon as hf-\u003eacl was NULL, without checking whether hf-\u003ework, hf-\u003eslc_work or hf-\u003edeferred_work was still pending or running.\n\nThe remote Audio Gateway peer controls the trigger end to end and needs no application involvement: an unsolicited +BCS: 1 response makes bcs_handle() call bt_hfp_hf_select_codec() and queue an AT+BCS buffer, which cannot be transmitted while BT_HFP_HF_FLAG_RX_ONGOING is set, and an immediately following RFCOMM DISC strands that buffer. Repeating the connect / +BCS / disconnect cycle a couple of times empties hf_pool for good.\n\nWith the pool exhausted, HFP command sending fails permanently, and because hfp_hf_send_cmd() allocates with K_FOREVER (bt_rfcomm_create_pdu() \u2192 bt_conn_create_pdu()) from the Bluetooth RX context \u2014 where that timeout is not downgraded to K_NO_WAIT \u2014 one further +BCS from the peer parks the Bluetooth RX thread inside net_buf_alloc() with no possible waker, halting all HCI event processing until the device is rebooted. Separately, reusing the HF slot while a work handler was still queued or running allowed memset() to wipe live k_work items out from under the system workqueue, corrupting shared kernel workqueue state. Exploitation requires an established HFP session (for SSP devices L2CAP enforces authentication before the RFCOMM channel is reachable) and a build with CONFIG_BT_HFP_HF enabled."
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      ],
      "metrics": [
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      "title": "Bluetooth Classic HFP Hands-Free: TX buffer leak on RFCOMM disconnect leads to permanent Bluetooth denial of service",
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          "packageName": "zephyr",
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          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/ieee802154/ieee802154_cc1200.c"
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          "programRoutines": [
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              "name": "cc1200_rx"
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              "name": "read_rxfifo_content"
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          "value": "The CC1200 sub-GHz IEEE 802.15.4 driver takes the PHY packet length from the first byte of the radio\u0027s RX FIFO in get_packet_length() and validates it in verify_rxfifo_validity() (drivers/ieee802154/ieee802154_cc1200.c). That validation only enforced a lower bound (pkt_len \u003c 3); its second clause rejects a FIFO that holds more bytes than declared and therefore never bounds large values. Because the driver configures the radio for variable packet length with PKT_LEN = 0xFF, the length byte is an over-the-air value of 0-255 that reached net_pkt_rx_alloc_with_buffer() and the subsequent SPI burst read unclamped.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker within radio range can transmit a frame that presents a length byte above the IEEE 802.15.4 maximum of 127 while the chip\u0027s 128-byte RX FIFO has not overflowed, so the driver\u0027s RX_FIFO_ERROR pre-check does not fire. Reaching this state depends on RF framing and timing, since the RX thread is driven off the PKT_SYNC_RXTX signal and may sample the FIFO before a packet is complete; no pairing, authentication, or user interaction is required.\n\nWith the default CONFIG_NET_BUF_FIXED_DATA_SIZE and CONFIG_NET_BUF_DATA_SIZE=128, an allocation larger than one fragment is satisfied by a chain of fragments, but read_rxfifo_content() performs a single SPI burst of pkt_len bytes into the first fragment\u0027s buf-\u003edata and then calls net_buf_add() with the same length. A length above 128 therefore writes up to 127 bytes past the end of a fragment in the contiguous rx_bufs pool and leaves a net_buf whose len exceeds its capacity. The overflowing bytes are FIFO-underflow output rather than attacker-chosen data, so the practical impact is network-buffer-pool corruption and crashes rather than a controlled write. Only builds that enable CONFIG_IEEE802154_CC1200 with an attached CC1200 radio are affected."
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          "value": "ethernet_recv() in subsys/net/l2/ethernet/ethernet.c validates only that the first net_buf of a received frame holds a plain 14-byte struct net_eth_hdr. When the ethertype is 0x8100 and VLAN is enabled on the interface, the same buffer is reinterpreted as the 18-byte struct net_eth_vlan_hdr without re-checking the length: the VLAN TCI and the inner ethertype are read from offsets 14..17, past pkt-\u003ebuffer-\u003elen, and hdr_len is raised to 18 so the subsequent net_buf_pull() removes more bytes than the buffer holds.\n\nA single unauthenticated frame of 14 to 17 bytes carrying the VLAN ethertype triggers this. No knowledge of the node\u0027s VLAN configuration is needed: net_eth_get_vlan_iface() returns the base interface for the priority tag 0, and a broadcast destination address satisfies the \"frame is for me\" test, so a 16-byte broadcast frame with ethertype 0x8100 and TCI 0x0000 reaches the pull. Nothing in the receive path enforces the 60-byte Ethernet minimum \u2014 the USB CDC ECM and CDC NCM gadget classes in particular hand host-supplied frames of any non-zero length straight to net_recv_data().\n\nWith assertions enabled, net_buf_simple_pull() asserts and the node panics. In a production build (assertions and CONFIG_NET_BUF_HARDENING off) the uint16_t buffer length underflows to 65534 and buf-\u003edata is advanced past the end of the fragment\u0027s storage, so every later parser reads far outside the buffer and any net_buf_add() on that fragment computes tailroom from the underflowed length. The result is a reliable remote denial of service and out-of-bounds access with information-disclosure and corruption potential.\n\nOnly configurations built with CONFIG_NET_VLAN=y that have a VLAN enabled on the receiving Ethernet interface, and whose MAC does not strip VLAN tags in hardware (ETHERNET_HW_VLAN_TAG_STRIP), are affected. The fix rejects the frame before the tag is read, so hdr_len is thereafter either 14 or 18 with both sizes validated against pkt-\u003ebuffer-\u003elen."
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        {
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          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-79rf-rwff-f4vg"
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      "title": "Out-of-bounds read and net_buf length underflow in Zephyr Ethernet L2 when parsing a truncated VLAN header",
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          "programFiles": [
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              "name": "kw41z_isr"
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              "name": "kw41z_rx"
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          "value": "The receive path of the NXP KW41Z IEEE 802.15.4 driver, kw41z_rx() in drivers/ieee802154/ieee802154_kw41z.c, computed the payload size as pkt_len = len - KW41Z_FCS_LENGTH in a uint8_t, where len is the frame length reported by the radio. The interrupt handler kw41z_isr() obtained that length from the RX_FRAME_LENGTH field of the ZLL IRQSTS register \u2014 a copy of the PHY header length byte of the frame received over the air \u2014 and only rejected the value zero. A reported length of one therefore underflowed to pkt_len == 255.\n\nBecause the packet is allocated with NET_AF_UNSPEC on a non-Ethernet L2, net_pkt_rx_alloc_with_buffer() does not clamp the request to the interface MTU; with the default fixed-size buffer pool (CONFIG_NET_BUF_FIXED_DATA_SIZE, CONFIG_NET_BUF_DATA_SIZE=128) the allocation succeeded as a chain of two fragments. The subsequent register-to-buffer copy loops write into the first fragment only, so 255 bytes were written into a 128-byte net_buf data block, overrunning it by up to 127 bytes into adjacent network-buffer-pool memory, and reading up to 128 bytes past the end of the radio\u0027s PKT_BUFFER_RX register array.\n\nThe length field originates from an unauthenticated frame transmitted by any device within 802.15.4 radio range, and is captured by the hardware at PHY-header time \u2014 before frame filtering has completed \u2014 while the handler samples it after clearing the interrupt status, so an attacker flooding frames with a length byte of one can drive the underflow. The impact is memory corruption in the shared receive buffer pool from interrupt context, most plausibly a crash or corruption of other packets\u0027 data; the overflowing bytes are radio register contents rather than attacker-authored data, which bounds the integrity impact.\n\nThe fix rejects any length below KW41Z_FCS_LENGTH and additionally verifies net_buf_tailroom() of the first fragment before the copy loops, which also covers the CONFIG_NET_L2_OPENTHREAD variant of the size computation."
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          "name": "GHSA-2pwx-gg6f-535f",
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      "title": "Integer underflow of the radio-reported frame length causes an out-of-bounds write in the NXP KW41Z IEEE 802.15.4 driver",
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          "value": "The Bluetooth Classic Hands-Free Profile Audio Gateway implementation in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/hfp_ag.c keeps its struct bt_hfp_ag objects in a static pool indexed by ACL connection index. On link teardown, hfp_ag_disconnected() cancels ag-\u003etx_work and the per-call work items and then clears ag-\u003eacl_conn, which marks the pool slot as free \u2014 but it leaves ag-\u003eongoing_call_work (and ag-\u003eslc_work) untouched. The next connection that lands on the same slot enters hfp_ag_create(), whose only occupancy test is ag-\u003eacl_conn, and immediately executes memset(ag, 0, sizeof(struct bt_hfp_ag)) followed by k_work_init_delayable(). Zeroing and re-initialising a k_work_delayable whose struct _timeout node is still linked into the kernel timeout list leaves the kernel holding a reference to a node with NULL prev/next links.\n\nag-\u003eongoing_call_work is armed by the remote peer: when a Hands-Free unit sends AT+CIND? during Service Level Connection establishment and the application provides the asynchronous get_ongoing_call callback, the AG schedules the work for CONFIG_BT_HFP_AG_GET_ONGOING_CALL_TIMEOUT milliseconds (default 10000). The timer is cancelled only if the application answers in time via bt_hfp_ag_ongoing_calls(). A peer that sends AT+CIND?, then disconnects the HFP RFCOMM DLC, then immediately re-opens it on the same ACL link, reuses the same pool slot deterministically while the timeout is still pending \u2014 the AG\u0027s RFCOMM server accept path (hfp_ag_accept()) calls hfp_ag_create() directly, so the remote side drives both teardown and re-creation.\n\nThe result is corruption of the kernel\u0027s timeout list: sys_dlist_remove() on the zeroed node performs writes through NULL pointers from the clock-announce path, and rescheduling the re-initialised work re-inserts a node the list already references, creating a cycle that the announce loop walks with interrupts locked. The observable impact is a fault or hang of the whole system, i.e. a denial of service reachable from Bluetooth radio range; no attacker-controlled data is written, so this does not by itself yield code execution. Exposure is limited to builds with CONFIG_BT_HFP_AG (marked experimental and disabled by default) whose application implements the asynchronous get_ongoing_call callback."
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      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth HFP AG reuses a connection slot while a delayable work item is still armed, corrupting kernel timeout bookkeeping",
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