CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8QQH-MHQW-2CP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-26 18:32 – Updated: 2025-03-17 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/display: Wake DMCUB before executing GPINT commands
[Why] DMCUB can be in idle when we attempt to interface with the HW through the GPINT mailbox resulting in a system hang.
[How] Add dc_wake_and_execute_gpint() to wrap the wake, execute, sleep sequence.
If the GPINT executes successfully then DMCUB will be put back into sleep after the optional response is returned.
It functions similar to the inbox command interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-26T18:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amd/display: Wake DMCUB before executing GPINT commands\n\n[Why]\nDMCUB can be in idle when we attempt to interface with the HW through\nthe GPINT mailbox resulting in a system hang.\n\n[How]\nAdd dc_wake_and_execute_gpint() to wrap the wake, execute, sleep\nsequence.\n\nIf the GPINT executes successfully then DMCUB will be put back into\nsleep after the optional response is returned.\n\nIt functions similar to the inbox command interface.",
"id": "GHSA-8qqh-mhqw-2cp3",
"modified": "2025-03-17T15:31:36Z",
"published": "2024-03-26T18:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ef98c6d753a744e333b7e34b9cf687040fba57d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5ffd1263dd5b44929c676171802e7b6af483f21"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8QV2-QRVW-2MG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-28 21:30The LB-Link routers, including the BL-AC2100_AZ3 V1.0.4, BL-WR4000 v2.5.0, BL-WR9000_AE4 v2.4.9, BL-AC1900_AZ2 v1.0.2, BL-X26_AC8 v1.2.8, and BL-LTE300_DA4 V1.2.3 models, are vulnerable to unauthorized command injection. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by accessing the /goform/set_serial_cfg interface to gain the highest level of device privileges without authorization, enabling them to remotely execute malicious commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57685"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The LB-Link routers, including the BL-AC2100_AZ3 V1.0.4, BL-WR4000 v2.5.0, BL-WR9000_AE4 v2.4.9, BL-AC1900_AZ2 v1.0.2, BL-X26_AC8 v1.2.8, and BL-LTE300_DA4 V1.2.3 models, are vulnerable to unauthorized command injection. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by accessing the /goform/set_serial_cfg interface to gain the highest level of device privileges without authorization, enabling them to remotely execute malicious commands.",
"id": "GHSA-8qv2-qrvw-2mg4",
"modified": "2025-10-28T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mono7s/LB-Link/blob/main/bs_SetSerial.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.b-link.net.cn"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bl-ac2100.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8QXC-G23Q-CHQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-22 21:32 – Updated: 2025-09-24 21:30An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several product versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QuRouter 2.4.3.103 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48860"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T16:15:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several product versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute commands.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nQuRouter 2.4.3.103 and later",
"id": "GHSA-8qxc-g23q-chq5",
"modified": "2025-09-24T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-11-22T21:32:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-44"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8R25-68WM-JW35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-11 16:32 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:10Summary
Nginx-UI is a web interface to manage Nginx configurations. It is vulnerable to arbitrary command execution by abusing the configuration settings.
Details
The Home > Preference page exposes a list of system settings such as Run Mode, Jwt Secret, Node Secret and Terminal Start Command. The latter is used to specify the command to be executed when a user opens a terminal from the web interface. While the UI doesn't allow users to modify the Terminal Start Command setting, it is possible to do so by sending a request to the API.
func InitPrivateRouter(r *gin.RouterGroup) {
r.GET("settings", GetSettings)
r.POST("settings", SaveSettings)
...
}
The SaveSettings function is used to save the settings. It is protected by the authRequired middleware, which requires a valid JWT token or a X-Node-Secret which must equal the Node Secret configuration value. However, given the lack of authorization roles, any authenticated user can modify the settings.
The SaveSettings function is defined as follows:
func SaveSettings(c *gin.Context) {
var json struct {
Server settings.Server `json:"server"`
...
}
...
settings.ServerSettings = json.Server
...
err := settings.Save()
...
}
The Terminal Start Command setting is stored as settings.ServerSettings.StartCmd. By spawning a terminal with Pty, the StartCmd setting is used:
func Pty(c *gin.Context) {
...
p, err := pty.NewPipeLine(ws)
...
}
The NewPipeLine function is defined as follows:
func NewPipeLine(conn *websocket.Conn) (p *Pipeline, err error) {
c := exec.Command(settings.ServerSettings.StartCmd)
...
This issue was found using CodeQL for Go: Command built from user-controlled sources.
Proof of Concept
Based on this setup using
uozi/nginx-ui:v2.0.0-beta.7. 1. Login as a newly created user. 2. Send the following request to modify the settings with"start_cmd":"bash":
POST /api/settings HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Content-Length: 512
Authorization: <<JWT TOKEN>>
Content-Type: application/json
{"nginx":{"access_log_path":"","error_log_path":"","config_dir":"","pid_path":"","test_config_cmd":"","reload_cmd":"","restart_cmd":""},"openai":{"base_url":"","token":"","proxy":"","model":""},"server":{"http_host":"0.0.0.0","http_port":"9000","run_mode":"debug","jwt_secret":"...","node_secret":"...","http_challenge_port":"9180","email":"...","database":"foo","start_cmd":"bash","ca_dir":"","demo":false,"page_size":10,"github_proxy":""}}
- Open a terminal from the web interface and execute arbitrary commands as
root:
root@1de46642d108:/app# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
Impact
This issue may lead to authenticated Remote Code Execution, Privilege Escalation, and Information Disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/0xJacky/Nginx-UI"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.10-0.20231219184941-827e76c46e63"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-11T16:32:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T20:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nNginx-UI is a web interface to manage Nginx configurations. It is vulnerable to arbitrary command execution by abusing the configuration settings.\n\n### Details\nThe `Home \u003e Preference` page exposes a list of system settings such as `Run Mode`, `Jwt Secret`, `Node Secret` and `Terminal Start Command`. The latter is used to specify the command to be executed when a user opens a terminal from the web interface. While the UI doesn\u0027t allow users to modify the `Terminal Start Command` setting, it is possible to do so by sending a request to the [API](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/api/system/router.go#L13).\n\n```go\nfunc InitPrivateRouter(r *gin.RouterGroup) {\n r.GET(\"settings\", GetSettings)\n r.POST(\"settings\", SaveSettings)\n ...\n}\n```\n\nThe [`SaveSettings`](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/api/system/settings.go#L18) function is used to save the settings. It is protected by the [`authRequired`](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/router/middleware.go#L45) middleware, which requires a valid JWT token or a `X-Node-Secret` which must equal the `Node Secret` configuration value. However, given the lack of authorization roles, any authenticated user can modify the settings.\n\nThe `SaveSettings` function is defined as follows:\n\n```go\nfunc SaveSettings(c *gin.Context) {\n var json struct {\n Server settings.Server `json:\"server\"`\n ...\n }\n\n ...\n\n settings.ServerSettings = json.Server\n\n ...\n\n err := settings.Save()\n ...\n}\n```\n\nThe `Terminal Start Command` setting is stored as [`settings.ServerSettings.StartCmd`](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/settings/server.go#L12). By spawning a terminal with [`Pty`](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/api/terminal/pty.go#L11), the `StartCmd` setting is used:\n\n```go\nfunc Pty(c *gin.Context) {\n\t...\n\n\tp, err := pty.NewPipeLine(ws)\n\n\t...\n}\n```\n\nThe [`NewPipeLine`](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/internal/pty/pipeline.go#L29) function is defined as follows:\n\n```go\nfunc NewPipeLine(conn *websocket.Conn) (p *Pipeline, err error) {\n\tc := exec.Command(settings.ServerSettings.StartCmd)\n\n ...\n```\nThis issue was found using CodeQL for Go: [Command built from user-controlled sources](https://codeql.github.com/codeql-query-help/go/go-command-injection/).\n\n#### Proof of Concept\n\u003e Based on [this setup](https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/README.md?plain=1#L210) using `uozi/nginx-ui:v2.0.0-beta.7`.\n1. Login as a newly created user.\n2. Send the following request to modify the settings with `\"start_cmd\":\"bash\"` :\n```http\nPOST /api/settings HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:8080\nContent-Length: 512\nAuthorization: \u003c\u003cJWT TOKEN\u003e\u003e\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"nginx\":{\"access_log_path\":\"\",\"error_log_path\":\"\",\"config_dir\":\"\",\"pid_path\":\"\",\"test_config_cmd\":\"\",\"reload_cmd\":\"\",\"restart_cmd\":\"\"},\"openai\":{\"base_url\":\"\",\"token\":\"\",\"proxy\":\"\",\"model\":\"\"},\"server\":{\"http_host\":\"0.0.0.0\",\"http_port\":\"9000\",\"run_mode\":\"debug\",\"jwt_secret\":\"...\",\"node_secret\":\"...\",\"http_challenge_port\":\"9180\",\"email\":\"...\",\"database\":\"foo\",\"start_cmd\":\"bash\",\"ca_dir\":\"\",\"demo\":false,\"page_size\":10,\"github_proxy\":\"\"}}\n```\n3. Open a terminal from the web interface and execute arbitrary commands as `root`:\n```\nroot@1de46642d108:/app# id\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to authenticated Remote Code Execution, Privilege Escalation, and Information Disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-8r25-68wm-jw35",
"modified": "2026-07-06T19:10:47Z",
"published": "2024-01-11T16:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/security/advisories/GHSA-8r25-68wm-jw35"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/commit/827e76c46e63c52114a62a899f61313039c754e3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/api/system/settings.go#L18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/api/terminal/pty.go#L11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/internal/pty/pipeline.go#L29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/router/middleware.go#L45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/blob/04bf8ec487f06ab17a9fb7f34a28766e5f53885e/settings/server.go#L12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2462"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Authenticated (user role) arbitrary command execution by modifying `start_cmd` setting (GHSL-2023-268)"
}
GHSA-8R4M-H8M7-MF8V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-29 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 18:30A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If an attacker gains local network access, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: HybridDesk Station 4.2.18 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44015"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-29T18:15:42Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If an attacker gains local network access, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nHybridDesk Station 4.2.18 and later",
"id": "GHSA-8r4m-h8m7-mf8v",
"modified": "2025-12-08T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-08-29T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-20"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8R4M-WPPC-26J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 12:31 – Updated: 2025-08-20 12:31In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.07.1 sMTP injection was possible allowing modification of email content
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T10:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.07.1 sMTP injection was possible allowing modification of email content",
"id": "GHSA-8r4m-wppc-26j3",
"modified": "2025-08-20T12:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T12:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8R96-WWM9-5VJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:02Netgear RAX43 version 1.0.3.96 contains a command injection vulnerability. The readycloud cgi application is vulnerable to command injection in the name parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20167"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netgear RAX43 version 1.0.3.96 contains a command injection vulnerability. The readycloud cgi application is vulnerable to command injection in the name parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-8r96-wwm9-5vjv",
"modified": "2022-01-12T00:02:10Z",
"published": "2021-12-31T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-8R9H-33X8-XJGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:28The web interface packet capture management component in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS before 6.1.19, 7.0.x before 7.0.19, 7.1.x before 7.1.14, and 8.0.x before 8.0.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15940"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-11T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The web interface packet capture management component in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS before 6.1.19, 7.0.x before 7.0.19, 7.1.x before 7.1.14, and 8.0.x before 8.0.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-8r9h-33x8-xjgw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:28:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:28:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2017-15940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102076"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RH4-8M27-RJWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:41TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0cu.2350_B20230313 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the "mtu" parameters in the "cstecgi.cgi" binary.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32349"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T16:17:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0cu.2350_B20230313 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the \"mtu\" parameters in the \"cstecgi.cgi\" binary.",
"id": "GHSA-8rh4-8m27-rjwj",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:41:23Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/1s1and123/Vulnerabilities/blob/main/device/ToToLink/X5000R/TOTOLink_X5000R_RCE.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RMR-HP4J-94W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:03It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setL2tpServerCfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setL2tpServerCfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload.",
"id": "GHSA-8rmr-hp4j-94w8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:03:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-06T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/A7100RU/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.