CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CCG6-G66F-F9MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows Narrator Braille allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Windows Narrator Braille allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-ccg6-g66f-f9mv",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:12Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58635"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCJ3-5P93-8P42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-11 14:07 – Updated: 2025-04-11 14:07The SurrealDB command-line tool allows exporting databases through the export command. It was discovered that table or field names are not properly sanitized in exports, leading to a SurrealQL injection when the backup is reimported.
For the injection to occur, an authenticated System User with OWNER or EDITOR roles needs to create tables or fields with malicious names containing SurrealQL, subsequently exported using the export operation
The attacker could achieve a privilege escalation and root level access to the SurrealDB instance if a higher privileged user subsequently performs the import operation.
Furthermore, applications using SurrealDB that allow its users to define custom fields or tables are at risk of a universal second order SurrealQL injection, even if query parameters are properly sanitized.
This issue was discovered and patched during an code audit and penetration test of SurrealDB by cure53, the severity defined within cure53's preliminary finding is Critical, matched by our CVSS v4 assessment.
Impact
This attack can be used to perform privilege escalation and complete takeover (root access) of the SurrealDB instance, as well as being able to perform SurrealQL injection attacks against co-tenanted applications where SurrealDB is used as a shared backend for multiple applications.
Patches
A patch has been created that addresses the issue by fixing the bugs in the exporter which failed to escape some characters properly.
- Versions 2.0.5, 2.1.5, 2.2.2 and later are not affected by this issue.
Workarounds
For SurrealDB users that are unable to upgrade, users that are looking to perform import operations must manually inspect the exported data for injected statements, prior to importing.
References
SurrealDB Documentation - Export SurrealDB Documentation - Import SurrealDB Documentation - Authentication
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "surrealdb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "surrealdb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "surrealdb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-11T14:07:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The SurrealDB command-line tool allows exporting databases through the `export` command. It was discovered that table or field names are not properly sanitized in exports, leading to a SurrealQL injection when the backup is reimported.\n\nFor the injection to occur, an authenticated System User with `OWNER` or `EDITOR` roles needs to create tables or fields with malicious names containing SurrealQL, subsequently exported using the `export` operation\n\nThe attacker could achieve a privilege escalation and root level access to the SurrealDB instance if a higher privileged user subsequently performs the `import` operation. \n\nFurthermore, applications using SurrealDB that allow its users to define custom fields or tables are at risk of a universal second order SurrealQL injection, even if query parameters are properly sanitized. \n\nThis issue was discovered and patched during an code audit and penetration test of SurrealDB by cure53, the severity defined within cure53\u0027s preliminary finding is Critical, matched by our CVSS v4 assessment.\n\n### Impact\nThis attack can be used to perform privilege escalation and complete takeover (root access) of the SurrealDB instance, as well as being able to perform SurrealQL injection attacks against co-tenanted applications where SurrealDB is used as a shared backend for multiple applications.\n\n### Patches\nA patch has been created that addresses the issue by fixing the bugs in the exporter which failed to escape some characters properly.\n\n- Versions 2.0.5, 2.1.5, 2.2.2 and later are not affected by this issue.\n\n\n### Workarounds\nFor SurrealDB users that are unable to upgrade, users that are looking to perform `import` operations must manually inspect the exported data for injected statements, prior to importing. \n\n\n### References\n[SurrealDB Documentation - Export](https://surrealdb.com/docs/surrealdb/cli/export)\n[SurrealDB Documentation - Import](https://surrealdb.com/docs/surrealdb/cli/import)\n[SurrealDB Documentation - Authentication](https://surrealdb.com/docs/surrealdb/security/authentication)",
"id": "GHSA-ccj3-5p93-8p42",
"modified": "2025-04-11T14:07:34Z",
"published": "2025-04-11T14:07:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-ccj3-5p93-8p42"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SurrealDB server-takeover via SurrealQL injection on backup import"
}
GHSA-CCQ2-PW4V-MWXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:24 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:24IBM Rational AppScan Source 8.0 through 8.0.0.2 and 8.5 through 8.5.0.1 and Security AppScan Source 8.6 through 8.6.0.2, 8.7 through 8.7.0.1, 8.8, 9.0 through 9.0.0.1, and 9.0.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the installation server via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 96721.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-12T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM Rational AppScan Source 8.0 through 8.0.0.2 and 8.5 through 8.5.0.1 and Security AppScan Source 8.6 through 8.6.0.2, 8.7 through 8.7.0.1, 8.8, 9.0 through 9.0.0.1, and 9.0.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the installation server via unspecified vectors. IBM X-Force ID: 96721.",
"id": "GHSA-ccq2-pw4v-mwxx",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:24:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:24:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/96721"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCVF-H868-4GWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-09-04 21:31A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-852 1.00CN B09. Impacted is the function soapcgi_main of the file soap.cgi of the component SOAP Service. Such manipulation of the argument service leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9752"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-01T01:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-852 1.00CN B09. Impacted is the function soapcgi_main of the file soap.cgi of the component SOAP Service. Such manipulation of the argument service leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-ccvf-h868-4gww",
"modified": "2025-09-04T21:31:36Z",
"published": "2025-09-04T21:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/i-Corner/cve/issues/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.322053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.322053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.640590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CF2G-8X42-FQVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:14iCatch DVR do not validate function parameter properly, resulting attackers executing arbitrary command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "iCatch DVR do not validate function parameter properly, resulting attackers executing arbitrary command.",
"id": "GHSA-cf2g-8x42-fqvf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:14:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:14:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/008fcbe8-198e-4c21-9417-5ba79a6b0e7d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-3534-fc7f5-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFF4-RRQ6-H78W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-03 17:31 – Updated: 2020-08-31 18:31Versions of command-exists before 1.2.4 are vulnerable to command injection. This is exploitable if user input is provided to this module.
Recommendation
Update to version 1.2.4 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "command-exists"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-03T17:28:56Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of `command-exists` before 1.2.4 are vulnerable to command injection. This is exploitable if user input is provided to this module.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.2.4 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-cff4-rrq6-h78w",
"modified": "2020-08-31T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2019-06-03T17:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mathisonian/command-exists/commit/7ca91ba71604df6817a28c93d7776af9c49c431a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/324453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mathisonian/command-exists/blob/v1.2.2/lib/command-exists.js#L49-L94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/659"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in command-exists"
}
GHSA-CFFC-M953-RPR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-26 00:01 – Updated: 2022-08-02 00:00This affects all versions of package npm-help. The injection point is located in line 13 in index.js file in export.latestVersion() function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-25T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package npm-help. The injection point is located in line 13 in index.js file in export.latestVersion() function.",
"id": "GHSA-cffc-m953-rpr2",
"modified": "2022-08-02T00:00:28Z",
"published": "2022-07-26T00:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220901-0012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-NPMHELP-1050983"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFHG-9X44-78H2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-09-17 20:43 – Updated: 2023-09-11 18:21Versions of ps before 1.0.0 are vulnerable to command injection.
Proof of concept:
var ps = require('ps');
ps.lookup({ pid: "$(touch success.txt)" }, function(err, proc) { // this method is vulnerable to command injection
if (err) {throw err;}
if (proc) {
console.log(proc); // Process name, something like "node" or "bash"
} else {
console.log('No such process');
}
});
// Result: The file success.txt will exist on the filesystem if the touch command was executed
Recommendation
Update to version 1.0.0 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ps"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:31:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of `ps` before 1.0.0 are vulnerable to command injection.\n\n### Proof of concept:\n```js\nvar ps = require(\u0027ps\u0027);\n\nps.lookup({ pid: \"$(touch success.txt)\" }, function(err, proc) { // this method is vulnerable to command injection\n if (err) {throw err;}\n if (proc) {\n console.log(proc); // Process name, something like \"node\" or \"bash\"\n } else {\n console.log(\u0027No such process\u0027);\n }\n});\n\n// Result: The file success.txt will exist on the filesystem if the touch command was executed\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.0.0 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-cfhg-9x44-78h2",
"modified": "2023-09-11T18:21:34Z",
"published": "2018-09-17T20:43:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/390848"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-cfhg-9x44-78h2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nodejs/security-wg/blob/master/vuln/npm/470.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/728"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ps Enables OS Command Injection"
}
GHSA-CFHG-C2XG-42FJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62214"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T18:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cfhg-c2xg-42fj",
"modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62214"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62214"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFR6-FJFX-M5R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-16 15:30An issue was discovered on TRENDnet TV-IP1314PI 5.5.3 200714 devices. Command injection can occur because the system function is used by davinci to unpack language packs without strict filtering of URL strings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T09:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on TRENDnet TV-IP1314PI 5.5.3 200714 devices. Command injection can occur because the system function is used by davinci to unpack language packs without strict filtering of URL strings.",
"id": "GHSA-cfr6-fjfx-m5r2",
"modified": "2024-01-16T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lTloBkH_7zAz1ZbFVSZnfpoPd81aPaHx/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pcsle37/TRENDnet/blob/main/TRENDnet_vul.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.