CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CH2F-3GV8-Q5G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-13 03:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47959"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T02:15:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-ch2f-3gv8-q5g5",
"modified": "2025-06-13T03:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47959"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CH37-WGM7-X46G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-25 00:02China Mobile An Lianbao WF-1 V1.0.1 router provides a web interface /api/ZRMesh/set_ZRMesh which receives parameters by POST request, and the parameter mesh_enable and mesh_device have a command injection vulnerability. An attacker can use the vulnerability to execute remote commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-18T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "China Mobile An Lianbao WF-1 V1.0.1 router provides a web interface /api/ZRMesh/set_ZRMesh which receives parameters by POST request, and the parameter mesh_enable and mesh_device have a command injection vulnerability. An attacker can use the vulnerability to execute remote commands.",
"id": "GHSA-ch37-wgm7-x46g",
"modified": "2022-01-25T00:02:34Z",
"published": "2022-01-19T00:01:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pokerfacett/MY_CVE_CREDIT/blob/master/China%20Mobile%20An%20Lianbao%20WF-1%20router%20Command%20Injection10.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2021-03520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ebuy7.com/item/china-mobile-wireless-router-qualcomm-qiki-wifi6-routing-mesh-network-home-5g-dual-frequency-double-gigabit-port-wall-wall-high-speed-%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bhigh-power-enhanced-dormitory-students-an-lianbao-wf-1-628692180620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://iot.10086.cn/?l=en-us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CH6G-XRCV-Q4J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-24 03:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:31A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in LB-LINK AC1900 Router 1.0.2. Affected is the function websGetVar of the file /goform/set_manpwd. The manipulation of the argument routepwd leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-24T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in LB-LINK AC1900 Router 1.0.2. Affected is the function websGetVar of the file /goform/set_manpwd. The manipulation of the argument routepwd\u00a0 leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-ch6g-xrcv-q4j3",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2025-02-24T03:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://noisy-caravel-a9a.notion.site/LBLINK_AC1900_V1-0-2_-set_manpwd-_-bl_do_system-_CI-179898c94eac81b9bf56c1f64db77e2d?pvs=74"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.296598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.296598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.501022"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHJ3-F7XW-367M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-22 18:53All versions of package git-promise is vulnerable to Command Injection due to an inappropriate fix of a prior vulnerability in this package. Note: Please note that the vulnerability will not be fixed. The README file was updated with a warning regarding this issue.
Credits
@lirantal for discovering this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "git-promise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-17T00:56:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "All versions of package git-promise is vulnerable to Command Injection due to an inappropriate fix of a prior [vulnerability](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-GITPROMISE-567476) in this package. **Note:** Please note that the vulnerability will not be fixed. The README file was updated with a warning regarding this issue. \n### Credits\n @lirantal for discovering this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-chj3-f7xw-367m",
"modified": "2022-08-22T18:53:32Z",
"published": "2022-06-11T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lirantal/git-promise/commit/030e4f993f3b65419d60f7f60e81e0a742b72e77"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/lirantal/9da1fceb32f5279eb76a5fc1cb9707dd"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/piuccio/git-promise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-GITPROMISE-2434310"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OS Command Injection in git-promise"
}
GHSA-CHJ8-3R5W-6FWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A vulnerability was detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. The affected element is the function setUnloadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument plugin_version results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9515"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T00:16:57Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. The affected element is the function setUnloadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument plugin_version results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-chj8-3r5w-6fwr",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink4/vuln_53/53.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365515/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHJ8-3W35-5698
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:49 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:49The allow_execstack plugin for setroubleshoot allows local users to execute arbitrary commands by triggering an execstack SELinux denial with a crafted filename, related to the commands.getoutput function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4446"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-11T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The allow_execstack plugin for setroubleshoot allows local users to execute arbitrary commands by triggering an execstack SELinux denial with a crafted filename, related to the commands.getoutput function.",
"id": "GHSA-chj8-3w35-5698",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:49:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:49:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fedora-selinux/setroubleshoot/commit/eaccf4c0d20a27d3df5ff6de8c9dcc80f6f40718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1339250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1267.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2016/q2/575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036144"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHQ3-V87J-FWQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-26 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-26 18:30An issue was discovered in the Delight Custom Firmware (CFW) for Nokia Symbian Belle devices on Nokia 808 (Delight v1.8), Nokia N8 (Delight v6.7), Nokia E7 (Delight v1.3), Nokia C7 (Delight v6.7), Nokia 700 (Delight v1.2), Nokia 701 (Delight v1.1), Nokia 603 (Delight v1.0), Nokia 500 (Delight v1.2), Nokia E6 (Delight v1.0), Nokia Oro (Delight v1.0), and Vertu Constellation T (Delight v1.0) allowing local attackers to inject startup scripts via crafted .txt files in the :\Data directory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65885"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-26T15:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the Delight Custom Firmware (CFW) for Nokia Symbian Belle devices on Nokia 808 (Delight v1.8), Nokia N8 (Delight v6.7), Nokia E7 (Delight v1.3), Nokia C7 (Delight v6.7), Nokia 700 (Delight v1.2), Nokia 701 (Delight v1.1), Nokia 603 (Delight v1.0), Nokia 500 (Delight v1.2), Nokia E6 (Delight v1.0), Nokia Oro (Delight v1.0), and Vertu Constellation T (Delight v1.0) allowing local attackers to inject startup scripts via crafted .txt files in the :\\Data directory.",
"id": "GHSA-chq3-v87j-fwq5",
"modified": "2025-12-26T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-12-26T15:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/symbuzzer/3315e88adc2bba0b6cc66d192b49546d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.symwld.com/delight"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHWF-9C6X-WV85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-13 00:01The downloadFlile.cgi binary file in TOTOLINK EX200 V4.0.3c.7646_B20201211 has a command injection vulnerability when receiving GET parameters. The parameter name can be constructed for unauthenticated command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The downloadFlile.cgi binary file in TOTOLINK EX200 V4.0.3c.7646_B20201211 has a command injection vulnerability when receiving GET parameters. The parameter name can be constructed for unauthenticated command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-chwf-9c6x-wv85",
"modified": "2022-01-13T00:01:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-05T00:00:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/doudoudedi/ToTolink_EX200_Cmmand_Execute/blob/main/ToTolink%20EX200%20Comand%20Injection2.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CHWW-FV2R-XW5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-03 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-10 03:30TOTOLINK T8 V4.1.5cu was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the slaveIpList parameter in the function setUpgradeFW.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24154"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-03T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK T8 V4.1.5cu was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the slaveIpList parameter in the function setUpgradeFW.",
"id": "GHSA-chww-fv2r-xw5x",
"modified": "2023-02-10T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-02-03T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Double-q1015/CVE-vulns/blob/main/totolink_t8/setUpgradeFW/setUpgradeFW.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHXJ-6G8R-WH5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 18:31A command injection vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A950RG Router firmware V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL within the system.so binary. The setDiagnosisCfg function retrieves the ipDoamin parameter from user input via websGetVar and concatenates it directly into a ping system command executed via CsteSystem() without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router's web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T20:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the TOTOLINK A950RG Router firmware V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL within the `system.so` binary. The `setDiagnosisCfg` function retrieves the `ipDoamin` parameter from user input via `websGetVar` and concatenates it directly into a `ping` system command executed via `CsteSystem()` without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router\u0027s web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-chxj-6g8r-wh5q",
"modified": "2025-11-14T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/ToToLink/ToToLink-A950RG/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/ToToLink/ToToLink-A950RG/CVE-2025-60702.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.