CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CM5M-GMH3-MV4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-05 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-05 18:31A flaw has been found in Edimax BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15. The affected element is the function sub_44CCE4 of the file /boafrm/formSysCmd. This manipulation of the argument sysCmd causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-05T17:16:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Edimax BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15. The affected element is the function sub_44CCE4 of the file /boafrm/formSysCmd. This manipulation of the argument sysCmd causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cm5m-gmh3-mv4x",
"modified": "2025-12-05T18:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-12-05T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Kriswu1337/CVE/blob/main/EDIMAX/1/3.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.334484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.334484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.696668"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM5R-WGMX-PG96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:16Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in firmware versions prior to x.xx of Netatmo Smart Indoor Camera allows an attacker to execute commands on the device. This issue affects: Netatmo Smart Indoor Camera version and prior versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17101"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-23T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in firmware versions prior to x.xx of Netatmo Smart Indoor Camera allows an attacker to execute commands on the device. This issue affects: Netatmo Smart Indoor Camera version and prior versions.",
"id": "GHSA-cm5r-wgmx-pg96",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:16:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/cracking-the-netatmo-smart-indoor-security-camera"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CM69-52GJ-G4J6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-29 03:30 – Updated: 2026-03-29 03:30A vulnerability has been found in DeDeveloper23 codebase-mcp up to 3ec749d237dd8eabbeef48657cf917275792fde6. This vulnerability affects the function getCodebase/getRemoteCodebase/saveCodebase of the file src/tools/codebase.ts of the component RepoMix Command Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5023"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-29T02:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in DeDeveloper23 codebase-mcp up to 3ec749d237dd8eabbeef48657cf917275792fde6. This vulnerability affects the function getCodebase/getRemoteCodebase/saveCodebase of the file src/tools/codebase.ts of the component RepoMix Command Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-cm69-52gj-g4j6",
"modified": "2026-03-29T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-29T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DeDeveloper23/codebase-mcp/issues/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DeDeveloper23/codebase-mcp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/778348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/353907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/353907/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CM82-PV3F-7X6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 00:31 – Updated: 2024-11-25 21:30Ruijie NBR800G gateway NBR_RGOS_11.1(6)B4P9 is vulnerable to command execution in /itbox_pi/networksafe.php via the province parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T22:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Ruijie NBR800G gateway NBR_RGOS_11.1(6)B4P9 is vulnerable to command execution in /itbox_pi/networksafe.php via the province parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-cm82-pv3f-7x6g",
"modified": "2024-11-25T21:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-11-14T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/zty-1995/29464500cd474f70a78e23ca68791cdd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zty-1995/SmartGateway/blob/cd56e1d00c56589accddb63b465b31f6387b51c2/NBR800G_networksafe/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMGC-8M5V-V678
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The /action/import_https_cert_file/ API is affected by command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35267"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The `/action/import_https_cert_file/` API is affected by command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-cmgc-8m5v-v678",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1575"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMHW-5XGQ-4JX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The /action/import_sdk_file/ API is affected by command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-755",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The `/action/import_sdk_file/` API is affected by command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-cmhw-5xgq-4jx5",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1575"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMJG-F724-5QH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 12:31 – Updated: 2026-05-21 12:31Insufficient Validation of Names During AXFR
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-21T10:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient Validation of Names During AXFR",
"id": "GHSA-cmjg-f724-5qh3",
"modified": "2026-05-21T12:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T12:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.powerdns.com/authoritative/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-powerdns-2026-06.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMJJ-6MRH-4XJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 21:31Command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of AOS-8 and AOS-10 Operating Systems. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44869"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T20:16:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of AOS-8 and AOS-10 Operating Systems. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-cmjj-6mrh-4xj8",
"modified": "2026-05-12T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T21:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05048en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMQ3-F6CG-P3P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-06 21:31A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_B20221024. The impacted element is the function vsetTr069Cfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument stun_pass leads to os command injection. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5679"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T20:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_B20221024. The impacted element is the function vsetTr069Cfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument stun_pass leads to os command injection. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-cmq3-f6cg-p3p7",
"modified": "2026-04-06T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-04-06T21:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Svigo-o/TOTOLINK-Vul/tree/main/totolink-a3300r-stun-pass-cmd-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/355506/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CMWM-73HQ-3HHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the stun-pass parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T19:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the stun-pass parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-cmwm-73hq-3hhx",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T21:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Svigo-o/TOTOLINK-Vul/tree/main/totolink-a3300r-stun-pass-cmd-injection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.