CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F44M-XMM7-PVM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-26 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-06 00:01The BeanShell components of IRISNext through 9.8.28 allow execution of arbitrary commands on the target server by creating a custom search (or editing an existing/predefined search) of the documents. The search components permit adding BeanShell expressions that result in Remote Code Execution in the context of the IRISNext application user, running on the web server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-25T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The BeanShell components of IRISNext through 9.8.28 allow execution of arbitrary commands on the target server by creating a custom search (or editing an existing/predefined search) of the documents. The search components permit adding BeanShell expressions that result in Remote Code Execution in the context of the IRISNext application user, running on the web server.",
"id": "GHSA-f44m-xmm7-pvm7",
"modified": "2022-05-06T00:01:20Z",
"published": "2022-04-26T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/post-cyberlabs/CVE-Advisory/blob/main/CVE-2022-26111.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://varsnext.iriscorporate.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F456-RF33-4626
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:09 – Updated: 2026-02-27 22:18I am reporting a code injection vulnerability in Orval’s mock generation pipeline affecting @orval/mock in both the 7.x and 8.x series. This issue is related in impact to the previously reported enum x-enumDescriptions (https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h526-wf6g-67jv), but it affects a different code path in the faker-based mock generator rather than @orval/core.
The vulnerability allows untrusted OpenAPI specifications to inject arbitrary TypeScript/JavaScript into generated mock files via the const keyword on schema properties. These const values are interpolated into the mock scalar generator (getMockScalar in packages/mock/src/faker/getters/scalar.ts) without proper escaping or type-safe serialization, which results in attacker-controlled code being emitted into both interface definitions and faker/MSW handlers. I have confirmed that this occurs on orval@7.19.0 and orval@8.0.2 with mock: true, and that the generated mocks contain executable payloads such as require('child_process').execSync('id') in the output TypeScript.
openapi: 3.1.0
info:
title: Mock Const Injection PoC
version: 1.0.0
paths:
/test:
get:
operationId: getTests
responses:
'200':
description: OK
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/Tests'
components:
schemas:
Tests:
type: object
properties:
EvilString:
type: string
const: "'); require('child_process').execSync('id'); //"
EvilNumber:
type: number
const: "0); require('child_process').execSync('id'); //"
SafeEnum:
type: string
enum: ["test"]
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@orval/mock"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.20.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@orval/mock"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-rc.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-22T18:09:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T00:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "I am reporting a code injection vulnerability in Orval\u2019s mock generation pipeline affecting @orval/mock in both the 7.x and 8.x series. This issue is related in impact to the previously reported enum x-enumDescriptions (https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h526-wf6g-67jv), but it affects a different code path in the faker-based mock generator rather than @orval/core.\n\nThe vulnerability allows untrusted OpenAPI specifications to inject arbitrary TypeScript/JavaScript into generated mock files via the const keyword on schema properties. These const values are interpolated into the mock scalar generator (getMockScalar in packages/mock/src/faker/getters/scalar.ts) without proper escaping or type-safe serialization, which results in attacker-controlled code being emitted into both interface definitions and faker/MSW handlers. I have confirmed that this occurs on orval@7.19.0 and orval@8.0.2 with mock: true, and that the generated mocks contain executable payloads such as require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027id\u0027) in the output TypeScript.\n\n```yaml\nopenapi: 3.1.0\ninfo:\n title: Mock Const Injection PoC\n version: 1.0.0\npaths:\n /test:\n get:\n operationId: getTests\n responses:\n \u0027200\u0027:\n description: OK\n content:\n application/json:\n schema:\n $ref: \u0027#/components/schemas/Tests\u0027\ncomponents:\n schemas:\n Tests:\n type: object\n properties:\n EvilString:\n type: string\n const: \"\u0027); require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027id\u0027); //\"\n EvilNumber:\n type: number\n const: \"0); require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027id\u0027); //\"\n SafeEnum:\n type: string\n enum: [\"test\"]\n\n```",
"id": "GHSA-f456-rf33-4626",
"modified": "2026-02-27T22:18:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T18:09:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-f456-rf33-4626"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/2828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/2829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/2830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/44ca8c1f5f930a3e4cefb6b79b38bcde7f8532a5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/6d8ece07ccb80693ad43edabccb3957aceadcd06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/9b211cddc9f009f8a671e4ac5c6cb72cd8646b62"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v7.20.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.0.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Orval Mock Generation Code Injection via const"
}
GHSA-F4C7-7CMX-Q7FX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-436",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-f4c7-7cmx-q7fx",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-28474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-574"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4JC-6JGG-X3MC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42A command injection issue in dji_sys in DJI Mavic 2 Remote Controller before firmware version 01.00.0510 allows for code execution via a malicious firmware upgrade packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-29664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-18T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection issue in dji_sys in DJI Mavic 2 Remote Controller before firmware version 01.00.0510 allows for code execution via a malicious firmware upgrade packet.",
"id": "GHSA-f4jc-6jgg-x3mc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/viktoredstrom/2f0463ebe7cd786904f229e11386e817"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dji.com/mavic-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hacktheplanet.nu/djihax.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1463784/FULLTEXT01.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F4PJ-F2QW-57CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-29 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-29 18:30Due to insufficient escaping of special characters in the "copy as cURL" feature, an attacker could trick a user into using this command, potentially leading to local code execution on the user's system. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 138 and Thunderbird < 138.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-29T14:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to insufficient escaping of special characters in the \"copy as cURL\" feature, an attacker could trick a user into using this command, potentially leading to local code execution on the user\u0027s system. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 138 and Thunderbird \u003c 138.",
"id": "GHSA-f4pj-f2qw-57cr",
"modified": "2025-04-29T18:30:57Z",
"published": "2025-04-29T15:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1949994%2C1956698%2C1960198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4R3-C8V2-M33C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 03:30A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /adv_mac_filter.php of the component MAC Filter Configuration. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-28T03:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /adv_mac_filter.php of the component MAC Filter Configuration. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-f4r3-c8v2-m33c",
"modified": "2026-01-28T03:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-28T03:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentagonal-time-3a7.notion.site/DIR-615-MAC_FILTER-2e7e5dd4c5a58091b027f50271cc7c6a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.343118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.343118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.737078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4VQ-GWC5-G45P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:21 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:21DrayTek Vigor3900, Vigor2960, and Vigor300B with firmware before 1.5.1.1 is affected by a remote code injection/execution vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-24T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DrayTek Vigor3900, Vigor2960, and Vigor300B with firmware before 1.5.1.1 is affected by a remote code injection/execution vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-f4vq-gwc5-g45p",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:21:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:21:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Cossack9989/fa9718434ceee4e6d4f6b0ad672c10f1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/WinMin/46165779215f1d47ec257210428c0240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cossack9989/Vulns/blob/master/IoT/CVE-2020-14472.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.draytek.com/about/security-advisory/vigor3900-/-vigor2960-/-vigor300b-remote-code-injection/execution-vulnerability-(cve-2020-14472)"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F554-X222-WGF7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-05-29 18:05 – Updated: 2024-03-04 23:51Xstream API versions up to 1.4.6 and version 1.4.10, if the security framework has not been initialized, may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating the processed input stream when unmarshaling XML or any supported format. e.g. JSON.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.4.10"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"1.4.10"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-7285"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-05-15T23:13:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-15T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Xstream API versions up to 1.4.6 and version 1.4.10, if the security framework has not been initialized, may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating the processed input stream when unmarshaling XML or any supported format. e.g. JSON.",
"id": "GHSA-f554-x222-wgf7",
"modified": "2024-03-04T23:51:42Z",
"published": "2019-05-29T18:05:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-7285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/6344867dce6767af7d0fe34fb393271a6456672d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/6d3d34adcf3dfc48e36342aa1f18ce3c20bb8e4c458a97508d5bfed1@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/dcf8599b80e43a6b60482607adb76c64672772dc2d9209ae2170f369@%3Cissues.activemq.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/user@xstream.codehaus.org/msg00604.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mail-archive.com/user@xstream.codehaus.org/msg00607.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2013-7285.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.diniscruz.com/2013/12/xstream-remote-code-execution-exploit.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q1/69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20140204133306/http://blog.diniscruz.com/2013/12/xstream-remote-code-execution-exploit.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in Xstream"
}
GHSA-F558-4253-RC39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:25 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:25FusionSphere OpenStack with software V100R006C00 and V100R006C10RC2 has two command injection vulnerabilities due to the insufficient input validation on one port. An attacker can exploit the vulnerabilities to gain root privileges by sending some messages with malicious commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-22T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FusionSphere OpenStack with software V100R006C00 and V100R006C10RC2 has two command injection vulnerabilities due to the insufficient input validation on one port. An attacker can exploit the vulnerabilities to gain root privileges by sending some messages with malicious commands.",
"id": "GHSA-f558-4253-rc39",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:25:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:25:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20170823-01-openstack-en"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F56C-X89X-XGXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-23 18:32Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability via the url parameter of an authenticated enpoint in Enphase IQ Gateway (formerly known as Enphase) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Envoy: 4.x <= 7.x
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21880"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T13:38:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability via the url parameter of an authenticated enpoint in Enphase IQ Gateway (formerly known as Enphase) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Envoy: 4.x \u003c= 7.x",
"id": "GHSA-f56c-x89x-xgxh",
"modified": "2024-08-23T18:32:59Z",
"published": "2024-08-12T15:30:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2024-21880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2024-00011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://enphase.com/cybersecurity/advisories/ensa-2024-5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:I/V:C/RE:H/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.