CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F36J-Q56C-JW5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:31The login page of the server on Huawei FusionServer rack servers RH2288 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC603, RH2288H V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC503, XH628 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC602, RH1288 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC602, RH2288A V2 with software before V100R002C00SPC701, RH1288A V2 with software before V100R002C00SPC502, RH8100 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC110, CH222 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161, CH220 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161, and CH121 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161 allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions and enter commands via unspecified parameters, as demonstrated by a "user creation command."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-7841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-03T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The login page of the server on Huawei FusionServer rack servers RH2288 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC603, RH2288H V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC503, XH628 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC602, RH1288 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC602, RH2288A V2 with software before V100R002C00SPC701, RH1288A V2 with software before V100R002C00SPC502, RH8100 V3 with software before V100R003C00SPC110, CH222 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161, CH220 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161, and CH121 V3 with software before V100R001C00SPC161 allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions and enter commands via unspecified parameters, as demonstrated by a \"user creation command.\"",
"id": "GHSA-f36j-q56c-jw5x",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:31:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www1.huawei.com/en/security/psirt/security-bulletins/security-advisories/hw-454418.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F39C-WXVQ-C7VX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-13 00:31A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 260515. This affects the function wlink_uci_set_value of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_ip results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-15513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-13T00:16:47Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 260515. This affects the function wlink_uci_set_value of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_ip results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
"id": "GHSA-f39c-wxvq-c7vx",
"modified": "2026-07-13T00:31:42Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T00:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/WINSTAR_NU516U1-WO-A-2026-06-22-5ccde97-mt7628-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xcc12138/wavlink-nu516u1-csrf-command-injection-"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/847517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/377842/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F39R-CPMJ-WHCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-06 15:55 – Updated: 2022-07-05 17:39This affects all versions of package ffmpegdotjs. If attacker-controlled user input is given to the trimvideo function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ffmpegdotjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-19T20:46:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-18T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package ffmpegdotjs. If attacker-controlled user input is given to the trimvideo function, it is possible for an attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This is due to use of the child_process exec function without input sanitization.",
"id": "GHSA-f39r-cpmj-whcg",
"modified": "2022-07-05T17:39:54Z",
"published": "2021-05-06T15:55:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23376"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TRomesh/ffmpegdotjs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TRomesh/ffmpegdotjs/blob/b7395daf0bdcb81218340427eb7073cdd28462af/index.js#23L219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-FFMPEGDOTJS-1078542"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in ffmpegdotjs"
}
GHSA-F3F3-R56H-C5R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-01 18:31Command injection in Raynet rvia 12.6.4392.49-amd64.deb allows adversaries to execute commands via getconfig, and upload through the URL argument, and oracle through the -o flag The Supplier's perspective is that this is caused by Argument Injection in the find command query in rvia 12.6.4392.49. This in an arbitrary code execution flaw caused by an incorrectly constructed find command. The application actively searches for a Java executable by using search criteria that is not properly terminated or sanitized. By constructing a crafted directory path that satisfies the malformed search criteria, an attacker can trick the application into executing arbitrary Java code. This differs from standard PATH manipulation because it stems from the application's internal search logic. Specifically, a local attacker can create a crafted directory structure and path that satisfies an improperly terminated find query used by the application to locate a Java runtime.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T18:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command injection in Raynet rvia 12.6.4392.49-amd64.deb allows adversaries to execute commands via getconfig, and upload through the URL argument, and oracle through the -o flag The Supplier\u0027s perspective is that this is caused by Argument Injection in the find command query in rvia 12.6.4392.49. This in an arbitrary code execution flaw caused by an incorrectly constructed find command. The application actively searches for a Java executable by using search criteria that is not properly terminated or sanitized. By constructing a crafted directory path that satisfies the malformed search criteria, an attacker can trick the application into executing arbitrary Java code. This differs from standard PATH manipulation because it stems from the application\u0027s internal search logic. Specifically, a local attacker can create a crafted directory structure and path that satisfies an improperly terminated find query used by the application to locate a Java runtime.",
"id": "GHSA-f3f3-r56h-c5r4",
"modified": "2026-06-01T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Wise-Security/CVE-2025-69600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.raynet.de/hc/en-us/articles/19518792826132-RVY200865-RayVentory-12-6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.raynet.de/hc/en-us/articles/46163185339284-RSEC200966-Command-Injection-via-Unsafe-System-Calls-CVE-2025-69600"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3F6-RG23-9J52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:52 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:30cPanel before 68.0.15 allows local root code execution via cpdavd (SEC-333).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-02T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "cPanel before 68.0.15 allows local root code execution via cpdavd (SEC-333).",
"id": "GHSA-f3f6-rg23-9j52",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:30:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:52:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/CL/68+Change+Log"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/cpanel-tsr-2017-0006-full-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3FC-Q7QP-8XQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:27An issue in ZenTao Community Edition v.18.6 and before, ZenTao Biz v.8.6 and before, ZenTao Max v.4.7 and before allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the Office Conversion Settings function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44827"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in ZenTao Community Edition v.18.6 and before, ZenTao Biz v.8.6 and before, ZenTao Max v.4.7 and before allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the Office Conversion Settings function.",
"id": "GHSA-f3fc-q7qp-8xqj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:27:05Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44827"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spotted-topaz-6aa.notion.site/Zentao-Authorized-Remote-Code-Execution-Vulnerability-CVE-2023-44827-be731cbe8607496cae35c08cb9ba2436"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3GJ-PGPX-63WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:03It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setopenvpnclientcfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28575"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setopenvpnclientcfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload",
"id": "GHSA-f3gj-pgpx-63wj",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:03:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-06T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/A7100RU/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3JC-X246-GFJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-09 12:31 – Updated: 2026-03-09 12:31A vulnerability was identified in opencc JFlow up to 5badc00db382d7cb82dad231e6a866b18e0addfe. Affected by this vulnerability is the function Calculate of the file src/main/java/bp/wf/httphandler/WF_CCForm.java. Such manipulation leads to injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This product utilizes a rolling release system for continuous delivery, and as such, version information for affected or updated releases is not disclosed. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3813"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-09T10:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in opencc JFlow up to 5badc00db382d7cb82dad231e6a866b18e0addfe. Affected by this vulnerability is the function Calculate of the file src/main/java/bp/wf/httphandler/WF_CCForm.java. Such manipulation leads to injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This product utilizes a rolling release system for continuous delivery, and as such, version information for affected or updated releases is not disclosed. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-f3jc-x246-gfjr",
"modified": "2026-03-09T12:31:38Z",
"published": "2026-03-09T12:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3813"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/opencc/JFlow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/opencc/JFlow/issues/IE8R2F"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769112"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3JX-HR96-XF98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A vulnerability has been found in Edimax EW-7438RPn up to 1.31. Affected is the function formWizSurvey of the file /goform/formWizSurvey of the component webs. The manipulation of the argument ip/mask/gateway leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T02:16:45Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Edimax EW-7438RPn up to 1.31. Affected is the function formWizSurvey of the file /goform/formWizSurvey of the component webs. The manipulation of the argument ip/mask/gateway leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-f3jx-hr96-xf98",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Edimax/vuln_5/5.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/811543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365310/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3R5-V4WR-72QR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 09:30 – Updated: 2023-02-01 03:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV042 Series could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input fields within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device with root-level privileges. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid Administrator credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20026"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-20T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV042 Series could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input fields within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device with root-level privileges. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid Administrator credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-f3r5-v4wr-72qr",
"modified": "2023-02-01T03:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-01-20T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20026"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sbr042-multi-vuln-ej76Pke5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.