CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FVC6-2V8R-W926
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_device/cgi_sms_test/cgi_firmware_upload/cgi_ntp_time of the file /cgi-bin/system_mgr.cgi. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4207"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_device/cgi_sms_test/cgi_firmware_upload/cgi_ntp_time of the file /cgi-bin/system_mgr.cgi. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-fvc6-2v8r-w926",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:46Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_141/141.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_142/142.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770420"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVG6-36GH-2GWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34An issue was discovered in B&R Industrial Automation APROL before R4.2 V7.08. Arbitrary commands could be injected (using Python scripts) via the AprolCluster script that is invoked via sudo and thus executes with root privileges, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-16364.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-19875"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-27T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in B\u0026R Industrial Automation APROL before R4.2 V7.08. Arbitrary commands could be injected (using Python scripts) via the AprolCluster script that is invoked via sudo and thus executes with root privileges, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-16364.",
"id": "GHSA-fvg6-36gh-2gwj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:34:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.br-automation.com/downloads_br_productcatalogue/BRP44400000000000000585952/APROL_R42_A1_ReleaseNotes_001.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FVG7-M8G3-2HJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_recovery/cgi_backup_now/cgi_set_schedule/cgi_set_rsync_server of the file /cgi-bin/remote_backup.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_recovery/cgi_backup_now/cgi_set_schedule/cgi_set_rsync_server of the file /cgi-bin/remote_backup.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-fvg7-m8g3-2hjj",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_98/98.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_99/99.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVHH-HG59-VFXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-28 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-28 12:30A vulnerability was found in ZSPACE Z4Pro+ 1.0.0440024. Impacted is the function zfilev2_api_SafeStatus of the file /v2/file/safe/status of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation results in command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-28T10:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in ZSPACE Z4Pro+ 1.0.0440024. Impacted is the function zfilev2_api_SafeStatus of the file /v2/file/safe/status of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation results in command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-fvhh-hg59-vfxx",
"modified": "2025-12-28T12:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-12-28T12:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LX-66-LX/cve/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.338509"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.713874"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVPM-FMHH-C8QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-23 00:00Totolink routers s X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the Tunnel 6in4 function via the remote6in4 parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27004"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-15T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Totolink routers s X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the Tunnel 6in4 function via the remote6in4 parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-fvpm-fmhh-c8qc",
"modified": "2022-03-23T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-03-17T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink/vuln_31/31.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVQ2-F7CP-4G2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-25 18:32 – Updated: 2026-04-25 18:32A vulnerability was identified in Linksys MR9600 2.0.6.206937. This affects the function BTRequestGetSmartConnectStatus of the file /etc/init.d/run_central2.sh of the component JNAP Action Handler. The manipulation of the argument pin leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-25T18:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Linksys MR9600 2.0.6.206937. This affects the function BTRequestGetSmartConnectStatus of the file /etc/init.d/run_central2.sh of the component JNAP Action Handler. The manipulation of the argument pin leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-fvq2-f7cp-4g2w",
"modified": "2026-04-25T18:32:59Z",
"published": "2026-04-25T18:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/utmost3/cve/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/797086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359544/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVWV-5FFF-6FX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-29 03:33 – Updated: 2024-07-29 03:33A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument langType leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-272598 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T02:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3600R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function setLanguageCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument langType leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-272598 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-fvwv-5fff-6fx2",
"modified": "2024-07-29T03:33:57Z",
"published": "2024-07-29T03:33:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3600R/setLanguageCfg.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.272598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.272598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.378044"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVX9-6CQJ-P3F8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-22 00:31A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. This issue affects the function system of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?section=ping_config of the component API Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument destination causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12814"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-21T23:16:44Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. This issue affects the function system of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?section=ping_config of the component API Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument destination causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-fvx9-6cqj-p3f8",
"modified": "2026-06-22T00:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-06-22T00:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xcc12138/COMFAST-CF-WR631AX-Router-Backend-Command-Injection-RCE-Analysis-Report"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/837561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/372608/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FVXX-VH2C-22PW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-03 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection via the host_time parameter in the NTPSyncWithHost function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36783"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-03T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection via the host_time parameter in the NTPSyncWithHost function.",
"id": "GHSA-fvxx-vh2c-22pw",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:46Z",
"published": "2024-06-03T21:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/s4ndw1ch136/IOT-vuln-reports/blob/main/totolink%20LR350/NTPSyncWithHost/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FW24-9X85-RMF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:30Multiple authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the Aruba InstantOS and ArubaOS 10 command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22788"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple authenticated command injection vulnerabilities\u00a0exist in the Aruba InstantOS and ArubaOS 10 command line\u00a0interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities\u00a0result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a\u00a0privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-fw24-9x85-rmf8",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:30:58Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:14:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22788"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-006.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.