CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5382 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G66Q-RFRG-HP99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-16 21:31An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in SageMath, Inc CoCalc before commit 0d2ff58 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61514"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T19:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in SageMath, Inc CoCalc before commit 0d2ff58 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.",
"id": "GHSA-g66q-rfrg-hp99",
"modified": "2025-10-16T21:31:16Z",
"published": "2025-10-16T21:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sagemathinc/cocalc/commit/0d2ff5890a3ae62e941aad8a5884dd765b7e98fc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mbiesiad/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-61514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sagemathinc/cocalc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G67J-87R5-6G45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Foxit PDF Reader and PDF Editor before 11.1 on macOS allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via xfa.host.gotoURL in the XFA API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Foxit PDF Reader and PDF Editor before 11.1 on macOS allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via xfa.host.gotoURL in the XFA API.",
"id": "GHSA-g67j-87r5-6g45",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-01-05T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlehgus1023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlehgus1023/CVE/tree/master/CVE-2021-45978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G68X-2W79-87X5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-25 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:12There is a command injection vulnerability in a mobile internet product of ZTE. Due to insufficient validation of SET_DEVICE_LED interface parameter, an authenticated attacker could use the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25649"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-25T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nThere is a command injection vulnerability in a mobile internet product of ZTE. Due to insufficient validation of SET_DEVICE_LED interface parameter, an authenticated attacker could use the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-g68x-2w79-87x5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:12:37Z",
"published": "2023-08-25T12:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25649"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.zte.com.cn/support/news/LoopholeInfoDetail.aspx?newsId=1032544"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6CR-75PQ-47X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11Dell EMC PowerScale OneFS versions 8.2.x - 9.1.1.x contain an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command. This vulnerability could allow the compadmin user to elevate privileges. This only impacts Smartlock WORM compliance mode clusters as a critical vulnerability and Dell recommends to update/upgrade at the earliest opportunity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-16T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell EMC PowerScale OneFS versions 8.2.x - 9.1.1.x contain an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command. This vulnerability could allow the compadmin user to elevate privileges. This only impacts Smartlock WORM compliance mode clusters as a critical vulnerability and Dell recommends to update/upgrade at the earliest opportunity.",
"id": "GHSA-g6cr-75pq-47x7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000190408"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G6F2-VW5R-6P5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-14 18:31The KuWFi 4G AC900 LTE router 1.0.13 is vulnerable to command injection on the HTTP API endpoints /goform/formMultiApnSetting and /goform/atCmd. An authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges via shell metacharacters in parameters such as pincode and cmds. Exploitation can lead to full system compromise, including enabling remote access (e.g., enabling telnet).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-14T14:15:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The KuWFi 4G AC900 LTE router 1.0.13 is vulnerable to command injection on the HTTP API endpoints /goform/formMultiApnSetting and /goform/atCmd. An authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges via shell metacharacters in parameters such as pincode and cmds. Exploitation can lead to full system compromise, including enabling remote access (e.g., enabling telnet).",
"id": "GHSA-g6f2-vw5r-6p5m",
"modified": "2025-08-14T18:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-08-14T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/blob/main/Kuwfi/CVE-2024-53945.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/actuator/cve/tree/main/Kuwfi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kuwfi.com/products/kuwfi-gigabit-wireless-router-4g-lte-wifi-router-dual-band-portable-wifi-modem-hotspot-64-user-with-gigabit-wan-lan-rj11-port"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6HP-25MH-V88G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:52In Sophos Web Appliance (SWA) before 4.3.1.2, a section of the machine's configuration utilities for adding (and detecting) Active Directory servers was vulnerable to remote command injection, aka NSWA-1314.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-30T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Sophos Web Appliance (SWA) before 4.3.1.2, a section of the machine\u0027s configuration utilities for adding (and detecting) Active Directory servers was vulnerable to remote command injection, aka NSWA-1314.",
"id": "GHSA-g6hp-25mh-v88g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:52:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:52:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.sophos.com/products/web-appliance/b/blog/posts/release-of-swa-v4-3-1-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wsa.sophos.com/rn/swa/concepts/ReleaseNotes_4.3.1.2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97261"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6HX-MX2F-FVX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-22 21:32 – Updated: 2025-04-10 21:31Possible Command Injection
in iManager GET parameter has been discovered in OpenText™ iManager 3.2.6.0000.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-22T16:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Possible Command Injection\n\n\n in iManager GET parameter has been discovered in\nOpenText\u2122 iManager 3.2.6.0000.",
"id": "GHSA-g6hx-mx2f-fvx9",
"modified": "2025-04-10T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-11-22T21:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netiq.com/documentation/imanager-32/pdfdoc/imanager326_patch3_releasenotes/imanager326_patch3_releasenotes.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6MG-QMXH-MV93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-21 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-23 21:30DrayTek Vigor 3900 before v1.5.1.5_Beta, DrayTek Vigor 2960 before v1.5.1.5_Beta and DrayTek Vigor 300B before v1.5.1.5_Beta were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the action parameter at cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-21T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DrayTek Vigor 3900 before v1.5.1.5_Beta, DrayTek Vigor 2960 before v1.5.1.5_Beta and DrayTek Vigor 300B before v1.5.1.5_Beta were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the action parameter at cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-g6mg-qmxh-mv93",
"modified": "2024-08-23T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-08-21T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/N1nEmAn/wp/blob/main/V3900.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6QP-W7V4-4FG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 21:30 – Updated: 2026-02-08 21:30A vulnerability was detected in Great Developers Certificate Generation System up to 97171bb0e5e22e52eacf4e4fa81773e5f3cffb73. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /restructured/csv.php. The manipulation of the argument photo results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The code repository of the project has not been active for many years.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in Great Developers Certificate Generation System up to 97171bb0e5e22e52eacf4e4fa81773e5f3cffb73. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /restructured/csv.php. The manipulation of the argument photo results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The code repository of the project has not been active for many years.",
"id": "GHSA-g6qp-w7v4-4fg9",
"modified": "2026-02-08T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lakshayyverma/CVE-Discovery/blob/main/Certificate2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.749714"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G6RC-W49H-G45H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-16 00:30A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-811DRU 1.0.2.0. This affects the function setDeviceURL of the file uapply.cgi of the component httpd . This manipulation of the argument DeviceURL causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T12:16:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-811DRU 1.0.2.0. This affects the function setDeviceURL\u00a0 of the file uapply.cgi of the component httpd\u00a0. This manipulation of the argument DeviceURL causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-g6rc-w49h-g45h",
"modified": "2026-01-16T00:30:54Z",
"published": "2026-01-07T12:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentagonal-time-3a7.notion.site/TrendNet-TEW-811DRU-2d2e5dd4c5a58016a612e99853b835f8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.339722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.721874"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.