CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HCVG-JRFJ-VHQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio Code CoPilot Chat Extension allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T18:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in Visual Studio Code CoPilot Chat Extension allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-hcvg-jrfj-vhqx",
"modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62222"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HF46-6XMQ-C82C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 21:30 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the sub_422BD4 function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46424"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T20:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X6000R v9.4.0cu.652_B20230116 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the sub_422BD4 function.",
"id": "GHSA-hf46-6xmq-c82c",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46424"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/XYIYM/Digging/blob/main/TOTOLINK/X6000R/3/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.cn/index.php/home/menu/detail.html?menu_listtpl=download\u0026id=88\u0026ids=36"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HF8C-XR89-VFM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-28 18:26The package ungit before 1.5.20 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via argument injection. The issue occurs when calling the /api/fetch endpoint. User controlled values (remote and ref) are passed to the git fetch command. By injecting some git options it was possible to get arbitrary command execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ungit"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.20"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-28T18:26:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The package ungit before 1.5.20 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via argument injection. The issue occurs when calling the /api/fetch endpoint. User controlled values (remote and ref) are passed to the git fetch command. By injecting some git options it was possible to get arbitrary command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-hf8c-xr89-vfm5",
"modified": "2022-03-28T18:26:27Z",
"published": "2022-03-22T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FredrikNoren/ungit/pull/1510"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FredrikNoren/ungit/pull/1511"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FredrikNoren/ungit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FredrikNoren/ungit/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md%231520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-UNGIT-2414099"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in ungit"
}
GHSA-HFF2-JRPW-C7CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The impacted element is the function setWanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. Such manipulation of the argument enabled leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9458"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T14:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. The impacted element is the function setWanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. Such manipulation of the argument enabled leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-hff2-jrpw-c7ch",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:43Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9458"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_346/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365439/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HFPW-2F26-VGXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 18:31 – Updated: 2025-05-02 18:31TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck function via the version parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44841"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T17:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK CA600-PoE V5.3c.6665_B20180820 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck function via the version parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-hfpw-2f26-vgxr",
"modified": "2025-05-02T18:31:31Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T18:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Summermu/VulnForIoT/tree/main/Totolink_CA600-PoE/CloudSrvUserdataVersionCheck_version/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HFQ9-RFPV-J8R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 16:49 – Updated: 2021-09-23 21:42Affected versions of pidusage pass unsanitized input to child_process.exec(), resulting in arbitrary code execution in the ps method.
This package is vulnerable to this PoC on Darwin, SunOS, FreeBSD, and AIX.
Windows and Linux are not vulnerable.
Proof of Concept
var pid = require('pidusage');
pid.stat('1 && /usr/local/bin/python');
Recommendation
Update to version 1.1.5 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "pidusage"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16034"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:20:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Affected versions of `pidusage` pass unsanitized input to `child_process.exec()`, resulting in arbitrary code execution in the `ps` method.\n \nThis package is vulnerable to this PoC on Darwin, SunOS, FreeBSD, and AIX.\n\nWindows and Linux are not vulnerable. \n\n## Proof of Concept\n```\nvar pid = require(\u0027pidusage\u0027);\npid.stat(\u00271 \u0026\u0026 /usr/local/bin/python\u0027);\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.1.5 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-hfq9-rfpv-j8r8",
"modified": "2021-09-23T21:42:30Z",
"published": "2020-09-01T16:49:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/356"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in pidusage"
}
GHSA-HFVW-6P69-W45C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:58An issue in COMFAST CF-XR11 v.2.7.2 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the protal_delete_picname parameter in the sub_41171C function at bin/webmgnt.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-15T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in COMFAST CF-XR11 v.2.7.2 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the protal_delete_picname parameter in the sub_41171C function at bin/webmgnt.",
"id": "GHSA-hfvw-6p69-w45c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:58:39Z",
"published": "2023-08-15T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TTY-flag/my_iot_vul/tree/main/COMFAST/CF-XR11/Command_Inject3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HG3W-JVVC-86CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-30 18:31A vulnerability was detected in raine consult-llm-mcp up to 2.5.3. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.execSync of the file src/server.ts. The manipulation of the argument git_diff.base_ref/git_diff.files results in os command injection. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.5.4 addresses this issue. The patch is identified as 4abf297b34e5e8a9cb364b35f52c5f0ca1d599d3. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-30T18:16:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in raine consult-llm-mcp up to 2.5.3. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.execSync of the file src/server.ts. The manipulation of the argument git_diff.base_ref/git_diff.files results in os command injection. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.5.4 addresses this issue. The patch is identified as 4abf297b34e5e8a9cb364b35f52c5f0ca1d599d3. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.",
"id": "GHSA-hg3w-jvvc-86cf",
"modified": "2026-03-30T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-30T18:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/raine/consult-llm-mcp/issues/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/raine/consult-llm-mcp/commit/4abf297b34e5e8a9cb364b35f52c5f0ca1d599d3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/raine/consult-llm-mcp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/raine/consult-llm-mcp/releases/tag/v2.5.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/25821105/consult-llm-mcp_bug.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/780154"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354157/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HG4J-HGH6-FP6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-10-26 12:00A command injection vulnerability in MVISION EDR (MVEDR) prior to 3.4.0 allows an authenticated MVEDR administrator to trigger the EDR client to execute arbitrary commands through PowerShell using the EDR functionality 'execute reaction'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-29T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in MVISION EDR (MVEDR) prior to 3.4.0 allows an authenticated MVEDR administrator to trigger the EDR client to execute arbitrary commands through PowerShell using the EDR functionality \u0027execute reaction\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-hg4j-hgh6-fp6f",
"modified": "2022-10-26T12:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10342"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HG4X-6G5C-368C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-27 21:31A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This impacts the function setLoginPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument admpass leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7155"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T21:16:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This impacts the function setLoginPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument admpass leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-hg4x-6g5c-368c",
"modified": "2026-04-27T21:31:03Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T21:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_319/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/801141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359754"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359754/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.