CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XPMG-M9RM-CHXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-17 19:00 – Updated: 2025-05-15 18:31Netgear R6220 v1.1.0.114_1.0.1 suffers from Incorrect Access Control, resulting in a command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netgear R6220 v1.1.0.114_1.0.1 suffers from Incorrect Access Control, resulting in a command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-xpmg-m9rm-chxc",
"modified": "2025-05-15T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2022-10-17T19:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cj775995/CVE_Report/tree/main/Netgear/R6220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/about/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPP5-4HHP-6QHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-17 09:31Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.5, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.50, contain a command injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain root-level access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T09:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.5, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.50, contain a command injection vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain root-level access.",
"id": "GHSA-xpp5-4hhp-6qhr",
"modified": "2026-04-17T09:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T09:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000450699/dsa-2026-060-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPR4-MWJM-XXXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 18:31A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-882 Router firmware DIR882A1_FW102B02 within the prog.cgi and rc binaries. The sub_433188 function in prog.cgi stores user-supplied email configuration parameters (EmailFrom, EmailTo, SMTPServerAddress, SMTPServerPort, AccountName) in NVRAM via nvram_safe_set. These values are later retrieved in the sub_448FDC function of rc using nvram_safe_get and concatenated into shell commands executed via twsystem() without sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router's web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T18:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-882 Router firmware DIR882A1_FW102B02 within the `prog.cgi` and `rc` binaries. The `sub_433188` function in `prog.cgi` stores user-supplied email configuration parameters (`EmailFrom`, `EmailTo`, `SMTPServerAddress`, `SMTPServerPort`, `AccountName`) in NVRAM via `nvram_safe_set`. These values are later retrieved in the `sub_448FDC` function of `rc` using `nvram_safe_get` and concatenated into shell commands executed via `twsystem()` without sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router\u0027s web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-xpr4-mwjm-xxxp",
"modified": "2025-11-14T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/DLink/DLink-DIR-882/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/DLink/DLink-DIR-882/CVE-2025-60701.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPWQ-H27P-5WG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-09 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-13 00:00FPT G-97RG6M R4.2.98.035 and G-97RG3 R4.2.43.078 are vulnerable to Remote Command Execution in the ping function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-08T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FPT G-97RG6M R4.2.98.035 and G-97RG3 R4.2.43.078 are vulnerable to Remote Command Execution in the ping function.",
"id": "GHSA-xpwq-h27p-5wg9",
"modified": "2022-09-13T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-09-09T00:01:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SLoSnow9879/FPT-Router-RCE"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ2Q-96G9-R4PC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the langtype parameter in /setting/setLanguageCfg.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLink N600R V5.3c.7159_B20190425 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the langtype parameter in /setting/setLanguageCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-xq2q-96g9-r4pc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/N600R/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ44-VPM8-W66C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:41IBM Cloud Pak for Data 4.5 and 4.6 could allow a privileged user to upload malicious files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product's environment. IBM X-Force ID: 232034.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36769"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-26T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nIBM Cloud Pak for Data 4.5 and 4.6 could allow a privileged user to upload malicious files of dangerous types that can be automatically processed within the product\u0027s environment. IBM X-Force ID: 232034.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-xq44-vpm8-w66c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:41:29Z",
"published": "2023-04-26T03:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/232034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6980959"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ4M-MC3C-VVG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-03 16:27 – Updated: 2025-12-04 16:22Due to errors in parsing shell commands related to $IFS and short CLI flags, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code read-only validation and trigger arbitrary code execution. Reliably exploiting this requires the ability to add untrusted content into a Claude Code context window.
Users on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.
Thank you to RyotaK from GMO Flatt Security Inc. for reporting this issue!
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@anthropic-ai/claude-code"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.93"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-03T16:27:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-03T19:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to errors in parsing shell commands related to $IFS and short CLI flags, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code read-only validation and trigger arbitrary code execution. Reliably exploiting this requires the ability to add untrusted content into a Claude Code context window.\n\nUsers on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.\n\nThank you to [RyotaK](hxxps://ryotak.net) from [GMO Flatt Security Inc.](hxxps://flatt.tech/en/) for reporting this issue!",
"id": "GHSA-xq4m-mc3c-vvg3",
"modified": "2025-12-04T16:22:16Z",
"published": "2025-12-03T16:27:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-xq4m-mc3c-vvg3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66032"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Claude Code Command Validation Bypass Allows Arbitrary Code Execution"
}
GHSA-XQ5V-G7V7-8Q74
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-13 06:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 06:30An issue was discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 17.2 before 17.7.7, all versions starting from 17.8 before 17.8.5, all versions starting from 17.9 before 17.9.2. An input validation issue in the Google Cloud IAM integration feature could have enabled a Maintainer to introduce malicious code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-13T06:15:36Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions starting from 17.2 before 17.7.7, all versions starting from 17.8 before 17.8.5, all versions starting from 17.9 before 17.9.2. An input validation issue in the Google Cloud IAM integration feature could have enabled a Maintainer to introduce malicious code.",
"id": "GHSA-xq5v-g7v7-8q74",
"modified": "2025-03-13T06:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-03-13T06:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2601569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/482813"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ8C-CW49-4MWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38Barco TransForm NDN-210 Lite, NDN-210 Pro, NDN-211 Lite, and NDN-211 Pro before 3.8 allows Command Injection (issue 1 of 4). The NDN-210 has a web administration panel which is made available over https. The logon method is basic authentication. There is a command injection issue that will result in unauthenticated remote code execution in the username and password fields of the logon prompt. The NDN-210 is part of Barco TransForm N solution and includes the patch from TransForm N version 3.8 onwards.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-17500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-07T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Barco TransForm NDN-210 Lite, NDN-210 Pro, NDN-211 Lite, and NDN-211 Pro before 3.8 allows Command Injection (issue 1 of 4). The NDN-210 has a web administration panel which is made available over https. The logon method is basic authentication. There is a command injection issue that will result in unauthenticated remote code execution in the username and password fields of the logon prompt. The NDN-210 is part of Barco TransForm N solution and includes the patch from TransForm N version 3.8 onwards.",
"id": "GHSA-xq8c-cw49-4mwf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.barco.com/en/support/cms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.barco.com/en/support/knowledge-base/kb11588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.barco.com/en/support/transform-n-management-server"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XQ8J-RPRV-XMQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 03:30 – Updated: 2025-05-09 03:30A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-619L 2.04B04. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function wake_on_lan. The manipulation of the argument mac leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4454"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-09T03:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-619L 2.04B04. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function wake_on_lan. The manipulation of the argument mac leads to command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-xq8j-rprv-xmq6",
"modified": "2025-05-09T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/D-Link/dlink_dir619l/Command_injection-wake_on_lan-mac/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.308068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.560798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.