Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15109 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MPR9-5W6H-9R45
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-08 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:52
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T20:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges",
"id": "GHSA-mpr9-5w6h-9r45",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:52:21Z",
"published": "2023-05-08T21:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213676"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MPV7-2V8X-863F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:31
VLAI
Details
Acrobat Reader versions 2020.009.20074, 2020.001.30002, 2017.011.30171, 2015.006.30523 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9695"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T18:17:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader versions 2020.009.20074, 2020.001.30002, 2017.011.30171, 2015.006.30523 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-mpv7-2v8x-863f",
"modified": "2026-06-23T18:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-06-23T18:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9695"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb20-48.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MPVV-4H9P-33X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-06 00:01
VLAI
Details
IBM Security Identity Manager (IBM Security Verify Password Synchronization Plug-in for Windows AD 10.x) is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by a heap-based buffer overflow in the Password Synch Plug-in. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause a denial of service. IBM X-Force ID: 218379.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-27T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Identity Manager (IBM Security Verify Password Synchronization Plug-in for Windows AD 10.x) is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by a heap-based buffer overflow in the Password Synch Plug-in. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause a denial of service. IBM X-Force ID: 218379.",
"id": "GHSA-mpvv-4h9p-33x4",
"modified": "2022-05-06T00:01:05Z",
"published": "2022-04-28T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/218379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6574671"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MPWH-M8V4-4V78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details
After Effects versions 23.6.9, 24.6.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47443"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T19:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "After Effects versions 23.6.9, 24.6.2 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-mpwh-m8v4-4v78",
"modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T21:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/after_effects/apsb24-85.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ2J-CPFC-HXFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00
VLAI
Details
In mailbox, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07032553; Issue ID: ALPS07032553.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In mailbox, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07032553; Issue ID: ALPS07032553.",
"id": "GHSA-mq2j-cpfc-hxfr",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-08-02T00:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/August-2022"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ4F-QJQV-2FF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14
VLAI
Details
An integer overflow flaw which could lead to an out of bounds write was discovered in libssh2 before 1.8.1 in the way SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST packets with an exit signal are parsed. A remote attacker who compromises a SSH server may be able to execute code on the client system when a user connects to the server.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-25T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An integer overflow flaw which could lead to an out of bounds write was discovered in libssh2 before 1.8.1 in the way SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST packets with an exit signal are parsed. A remote attacker who compromises a SSH server may be able to execute code on the client system when a user connects to the server.",
"id": "GHSA-mq4f-qjqv-2ff5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/03/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5DK6VO2CEUTAJFYIKWNZKEKYMYR3NO2O"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Apr/25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190327-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.libssh2.org/CVE-2019-3857.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-03/msg00040.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00003.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ5C-PRH3-3F3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-21 14:28 – Updated: 2024-11-13 16:23
VLAI
Summary
Invalid validation in `QuantizeAndDequantizeV2`
Details
Impact
The validation in tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2 allows invalid values for axis argument:
import tensorflow as tf
input_tensor = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=float)
input_min = tf.constant(-10.0)
input_max = tf.constant(-10.0)
tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(
input=input_tensor, input_min=input_min, input_max=input_max,
signed_input=False, num_bits=1, range_given=False, round_mode='HALF_TO_EVEN',
narrow_range=False, axis=-2)
The validation uses || to mix two different conditions:
OP_REQUIRES(ctx,
(axis_ == -1 || axis_ < input.shape().dims()),
errors::InvalidArgument(...));
If axis_ < -1 the condition in OP_REQUIRES will still be true, but this value of axis_ results in heap underflow. This allows attackers to read/write to other data on the heap.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit c5b0d5f8ac19888e46ca14b0e27562e7fbbee9a9.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by Yakun Zhang and Ying Wang of Baidu X-Team.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-665",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-17T22:05:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe validation in `tf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2` allows invalid values for `axis` argument:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\ninput_tensor = tf.constant([0.0], shape=[1], dtype=float)\ninput_min = tf.constant(-10.0)\ninput_max = tf.constant(-10.0)\n\ntf.raw_ops.QuantizeAndDequantizeV2(\n input=input_tensor, input_min=input_min, input_max=input_max,\n signed_input=False, num_bits=1, range_given=False, round_mode=\u0027HALF_TO_EVEN\u0027,\n narrow_range=False, axis=-2)\n``` \n\nThe [validation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/eccb7ec454e6617738554a255d77f08e60ee0808/tensorflow/core/kernels/quantize_and_dequantize_op.cc#L74-L77) uses `||` to mix two different conditions:\n\n```cc\nOP_REQUIRES(ctx,\n (axis_ == -1 || axis_ \u003c input.shape().dims()),\n errors::InvalidArgument(...));\n```\n\nIf `axis_ \u003c -1` the condition in `OP_REQUIRES` will still be true, but this value of `axis_` results in heap underflow. This allows attackers to read/write to other data on the heap.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [c5b0d5f8ac19888e46ca14b0e27562e7fbbee9a9](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/c5b0d5f8ac19888e46ca14b0e27562e7fbbee9a9).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by Yakun Zhang and Ying Wang of Baidu X-Team.",
"id": "GHSA-mq5c-prh3-3f3h",
"modified": "2024-11-13T16:23:17Z",
"published": "2021-05-21T14:28:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-mq5c-prh3-3f3h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/c5b0d5f8ac19888e46ca14b0e27562e7fbbee9a9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-538.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-736.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-247.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Invalid validation in `QuantizeAndDequantizeV2`"
}
GHSA-MQ5M-XCVM-7FMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 21:59 – Updated: 2022-05-24 21:59
VLAI
Details
njs through 0.3.1, used in NGINX, has a heap-based buffer overflow in nxt_utf8_encode in nxt_utf8.c.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-20T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "njs through 0.3.1, used in NGINX, has a heap-based buffer overflow in nxt_utf8_encode in nxt_utf8.c.",
"id": "GHSA-mq5m-xcvm-7fmj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T21:59:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T21:59:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nginx/njs/issues/162"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ5P-G6C9-C5HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-mq5p-g6c9-c5hc",
"modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"published": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47998"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MQ6C-QGPJ-JW78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details
Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Heap Overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-4982"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-09T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2018.011.20038 and earlier, 2017.011.30079 and earlier, and 2015.006.30417 and earlier have a Heap Overflow vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.",
"id": "GHSA-mq6c-qgpj-jw78",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:20:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-09.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-18-466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040920"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.