CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15504 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9884-QGC2-GHC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-26 00:00This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15031.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15031.",
"id": "GHSA-9884-qgc2-ghc4",
"modified": "2022-02-26T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-02-19T00:01:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/en/common-vulnerability-exposure/BE-2021-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-156"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-988P-2VG3-2VH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:01A code execution vulnerability exists in the kdu_buffered_expand function of the Kakadu SDK 7.9. A specially crafted JPEG 2000 file can be read by the program and can lead to an out of bounds write causing an exploitable condition to arise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2812"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-24T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A code execution vulnerability exists in the kdu_buffered_expand function of the Kakadu SDK 7.9. A specially crafted JPEG 2000 file can be read by the program and can lead to an out of bounds write causing an exploitable condition to arise.",
"id": "GHSA-988p-2vg3-2vh4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:01:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:01:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2812"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100140"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98FC-86GG-P4FR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-02 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
perf/core: Fix perf_output_begin parameter is incorrectly invoked in perf_event_bpf_output
syzkaller reportes a KASAN issue with stack-out-of-bounds. The call trace is as follows: dump_stack+0x9c/0xd3 print_address_description.constprop.0+0x19/0x170 __kasan_report.cold+0x6c/0x84 kasan_report+0x3a/0x50 __perf_event_header__init_id+0x34/0x290 perf_event_header__init_id+0x48/0x60 perf_output_begin+0x4a4/0x560 perf_event_bpf_output+0x161/0x1e0 perf_iterate_sb_cpu+0x29e/0x340 perf_iterate_sb+0x4c/0xc0 perf_event_bpf_event+0x194/0x2c0 __bpf_prog_put.constprop.0+0x55/0xf0 __cls_bpf_delete_prog+0xea/0x120 [cls_bpf] cls_bpf_delete_prog_work+0x1c/0x30 [cls_bpf] process_one_work+0x3c2/0x730 worker_thread+0x93/0x650 kthread+0x1b8/0x210 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
commit 267fb27352b6 ("perf: Reduce stack usage of perf_output_begin()") use on-stack struct perf_sample_data of the caller function.
However, perf_event_bpf_output uses incorrect parameter to convert small-sized data (struct perf_bpf_event) into large-sized data (struct perf_sample_data), which causes memory overwriting occurs in __perf_event_header__init_id.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-53065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-02T16:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nperf/core: Fix perf_output_begin parameter is incorrectly invoked in perf_event_bpf_output\n\nsyzkaller reportes a KASAN issue with stack-out-of-bounds.\nThe call trace is as follows:\n dump_stack+0x9c/0xd3\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x19/0x170\n __kasan_report.cold+0x6c/0x84\n kasan_report+0x3a/0x50\n __perf_event_header__init_id+0x34/0x290\n perf_event_header__init_id+0x48/0x60\n perf_output_begin+0x4a4/0x560\n perf_event_bpf_output+0x161/0x1e0\n perf_iterate_sb_cpu+0x29e/0x340\n perf_iterate_sb+0x4c/0xc0\n perf_event_bpf_event+0x194/0x2c0\n __bpf_prog_put.constprop.0+0x55/0xf0\n __cls_bpf_delete_prog+0xea/0x120 [cls_bpf]\n cls_bpf_delete_prog_work+0x1c/0x30 [cls_bpf]\n process_one_work+0x3c2/0x730\n worker_thread+0x93/0x650\n kthread+0x1b8/0x210\n ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n\ncommit 267fb27352b6 (\"perf: Reduce stack usage of perf_output_begin()\")\nuse on-stack struct perf_sample_data of the caller function.\n\nHowever, perf_event_bpf_output uses incorrect parameter to convert\nsmall-sized data (struct perf_bpf_event) into large-sized data\n(struct perf_sample_data), which causes memory overwriting occurs in\n__perf_event_header__init_id.",
"id": "GHSA-98fc-86gg-p4fr",
"modified": "2025-11-12T21:31:00Z",
"published": "2025-05-02T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-53065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a776fddb4e5598c8bfcd4ad094fba34f9856fc9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac5f88642cb211152041f84a985309e9af4baf59"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ddcf8320003638a06eb1e46412e045d0c5701575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb81a2ed4f52be831c9fb879752d89645a312c13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff8137727a2af4ad5f6e6c8b9f7ec5e8db9da86c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98FC-8MVH-6QGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-15 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-22 00:00A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the DecoderStream::Append functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21914"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the DecoderStream::Append functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-98fc-8mvh-6qgf",
"modified": "2022-04-22T00:00:52Z",
"published": "2022-04-15T00:00:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1362"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98FV-PJ8R-PCQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-07 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:36Tenda AC10 V1.0 V15.03.06.23, AC1206 V15.03.06.23, AC8 v4 V16.03.34.06, AC6 V2.0 V15.03.06.23, AC7 V1.0 V15.03.06.44, F1203 V2.0.1.6, AC5 V1.0 V15.03.06.28, AC10 v4.0 V16.03.10.13 and FH1203 V2.0.1.6 were discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the setaccount function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38931"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-07T19:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10 V1.0 V15.03.06.23, AC1206 V15.03.06.23, AC8 v4 V16.03.34.06, AC6 V2.0 V15.03.06.23, AC7 V1.0 V15.03.06.44, F1203 V2.0.1.6, AC5 V1.0 V15.03.06.28, AC10 v4.0 V16.03.10.13 and FH1203 V2.0.1.6 were discovered to contain a stack overflow via the list parameter in the setaccount function.",
"id": "GHSA-98fv-pj8r-pcqr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:36:31Z",
"published": "2023-08-07T21:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FirmRec/IoT-Vulns/blob/main/tenda/cloudv2_setaccount/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98G9-5QHW-JVGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:52 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:52Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2019.008.20080 and earlier, 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2017.011.30106 and earlier version, 2017.011.30105 and earlier version, 2015.006.30457 and earlier, and 2015.006.30456 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19702"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-18T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2019.008.20080 and earlier, 2019.008.20081 and earlier, 2017.011.30106 and earlier version, 2017.011.30105 and earlier version, 2015.006.30457 and earlier, and 2015.006.30456 and earlier have an out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-98g9-5qhw-jvgf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:52:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:52:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19702"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-41.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106172"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98GH-VVQ4-3W6H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-17 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:11faust commit ee39a19 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the component boxppShared::print() at /boxes/ppbox.cpp.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-17T20:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "faust commit ee39a19 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the component boxppShared::print() at /boxes/ppbox.cpp.",
"id": "GHSA-98gh-vvq4-3w6h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:11:51Z",
"published": "2023-07-17T21:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/grame-cncm/faust/issues/922"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98GX-7M8X-X64F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-08 21:31Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T19:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-98gx-7m8x-x64f",
"modified": "2025-04-08T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/framemaker/apsb25-33.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98JV-MJ99-2VH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-05 09:30 – Updated: 2024-05-05 09:30A vulnerability was found in Tenda i21 1.0.0.14(4656). It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formexeCommand. The manipulation of the argument cmdinput leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-263086 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-05T07:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda i21 1.0.0.14(4656). It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formexeCommand. The manipulation of the argument cmdinput leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-263086 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-98jv-mj99-2vh5",
"modified": "2024-05-05T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-05-05T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/i/i21/formexeCommand.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.263086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.263086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.323607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98M9-234R-RMCV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-15 00:02 – Updated: 2022-01-26 00:03A stack buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QVR Elite, QVR Pro, QVR Guard. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QVR Elite, QVR Pro, QVR Guard: QuTS hero h5.0.0: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QuTS hero h4.5.4: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Pro 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Pro 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Guard 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Guard 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-14T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack buffer overflow vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QVR Elite, QVR Pro, QVR Guard. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QVR Elite, QVR Pro, QVR Guard: QuTS hero h5.0.0: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QuTS hero h4.5.4: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Elite 2.1.4.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Pro 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Pro 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 4.5.4: QVR Guard 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later QTS 5.0.0: QVR Guard 2.1.3.0 (2021/12/06) and later",
"id": "GHSA-98m9-234r-rmcv",
"modified": "2022-01-26T00:03:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-15T00:02:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-21-59"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.