CWE-838
AllowedInappropriate Encoding for Output Context
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses or specifies an encoding when generating output to a downstream component, but the specified encoding is not the same as the encoding that is expected by the downstream component.
17 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-53641 (GCVE-0-2026-53641)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 22:36 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:41| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FOSSBilling/FOSSBilling/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOSSBilling | FOSSBilling |
Affected:
>= 0.6.0, < 0.8.0
|
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CVE-2026-47079 (GCVE-0-2026-47079)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 09:52 – Updated: 2026-08-21 12:19- CWE-838 - Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/joshnuss/xml_builder/security/… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47079.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47079 | related |
| https://github.com/joshnuss/xml_builder/commit/c3… | patch |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| joshnuss | xml_builder |
Affected:
0.0.6 , < 2.4.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:joshnuss:xml_builder:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| joshnuss | xml_builder |
Affected:
aae31e6e8ac837bcbb8afb816c0d14324b5cfe2b , < c3390e2046ec297b3bb8c30d5779cdfd6508c275
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:joshnuss:xml_builder:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"packageURL": "pkg:hex/xml_builder",
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"lib/xml_builder.ex"
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eInappropriate Encoding for Output Context vulnerability in joshnuss xml_builder (\u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder\u003c/code\u003e module) allows Content Spoofing, Cross-site Scripting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ccode\u003elib/xml_builder.ex\u003c/code\u003e and program routines \u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder.generate/1\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder.generate/2\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder.escape_string/1\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder.escape_entity/1\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eXmlBuilder.generate/1\u003c/code\u003e does not escape literal \u003ccode\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/code\u003e characters in text or attribute values when they are followed by an entity-like token (\u003ccode\u003elt;\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003egt;\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eamp;\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003equot;\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eapos;\u003c/code\u003e). As a result, attacker-supplied input such as \u003ccode\u003e\u0026amp;lt;script\u0026amp;gt;\u003c/code\u003e is emitted verbatim into the serialized XML rather than being escaped to \u003ccode\u003e\u0026amp;amp;lt;script\u0026amp;amp;gt;\u003c/code\u003e. When a downstream XML parser later reads the document, it decodes the entity sequences into the literal characters \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;script\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e, promoting inert-looking text into real markup. This allows an attacker to bypass upstream filters that block raw \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e characters, injecting markup into any downstream consumer that parses the produced XML and renders the text content in a markup-sensitive context (HTML, SVG, RSS/Atom feeds). Both element text and attribute values are affected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects xml_builder: from 0.0.6 before 2.4.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context vulnerability in joshnuss xml_builder (`XmlBuilder` module) allows Content Spoofing, Cross-site Scripting.\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files `lib/xml_builder.ex` and program routines `XmlBuilder.generate/1`, `XmlBuilder.generate/2`, `XmlBuilder.escape_string/1`, `XmlBuilder.escape_entity/1`.\n\n`XmlBuilder.generate/1` does not escape literal `\u0026` characters in text or attribute values when they are followed by an entity-like token (`lt;`, `gt;`, `amp;`, `quot;`, `apos;`). As a result, attacker-supplied input such as `\u0026lt;script\u0026gt;` is emitted verbatim into the serialized XML rather than being escaped to `\u0026amp;lt;script\u0026amp;gt;`. When a downstream XML parser later reads the document, it decodes the entity sequences into the literal characters `\u003cscript\u003e`, promoting inert-looking text into real markup. This allows an attacker to bypass upstream filters that block raw `\u003c` and `\u003e` characters, injecting markup into any downstream consumer that parses the produced XML and renders the text content in a markup-sensitive context (HTML, SVG, RSS/Atom feeds). Both element text and attribute values are affected.\n\nThis issue affects xml_builder: from 0.0.6 before 2.4.1."
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CVE-2024-34006 (GCVE-0-2024-34006)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-31 20:36 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:42- CWE-838 - Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
4.0 , ≤ 4.3.3
(semver)
Affected: 4.2 , ≤ 4.2.6 (semver) Affected: 4.1 , ≤ 4.1.9 (semver) |
|||
| fedoraproject | fedora |
Affected:
4.0 , ≤ 4.3.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| fedoraproject | fedora |
Affected:
4.1 , ≤ 4.1.9
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| fedoraproject | fedora |
Affected:
4.2 , ≤ 4.2.6
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-5770 (GCVE-0-2023-5770)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-09 22:02 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:29- CWE-838 - Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proofpoint | Proofpoint Enterprise Protection |
Affected:
8.20.2 , < patch 4809
(semver)
Affected: 8.20.0 , < patch 4805 (semver) Affected: 8.18.6 , < patch 4804 (semver) Affected: 8.0 , < 8.18.6 (semver) |
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CVE-2020-7292 (GCVE-0-2020-7292)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-15 14:50 – Updated: 2024-08-04 09:25- CWE-838 - Inappropriate Encoding for output context
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=conten… | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| McAfee | McAfee Web Gateway (MWG) |
Affected:
unspecified , < 9.2.1
(custom)
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GHSA-2PGC-776H-4JHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-05 18:32 – Updated: 2025-05-06 15:31Inappropriate implementation in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
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GHSA-7MP8-W7V3-999F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-06 03:30 – Updated: 2024-02-15 21:31Inappropriate implementation in Web Browser UI in Google Chrome prior to 120.0.6099.62 allowed a remote attacker to potentially spoof the contents of an iframe dialog context menu via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
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"modified": "2024-02-15T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-06T03:30:27Z",
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"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1457702"
},
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"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MMHY76AWPA46MAFXPWDGJX6FEGXZVR5Z"
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-34"
},
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"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5573"
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GHSA-7R4Q-Q89F-2MCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-27 18:34Copying sensitive information from Private Browsing tabs on Android, such as passwords, may have inadvertently stored data in the cloud-based clipboard history if enabled. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 133 and Thunderbird < 133.
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GHSA-855X-QR5W-6PWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 18:30 – Updated: 2022-11-28 18:30The application fails to prevent users from connecting to it over unencrypted connections. An attacker able to modify a legitimate user's network traffic could bypass the application's use of SSL/TLS encryption and use the application as a platform for attacks against its users.
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GHSA-G66M-FQXF-3W35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 19:00 – Updated: 2022-12-16 17:10Pipeline: Input Step Plugin 451.vf1a_a_4f405289 and earlier does not restrict or sanitize the optionally specified ID of the input step. This ID is used for the URLs that process user interactions for the given input step (proceed or abort) and is not correctly encoded.
This allows attackers able to configure Pipelines to have Jenkins build URLs from input step IDs that would bypass the CSRF protection of any target URL in Jenkins when the input step is interacted with.
Pipeline: Input Step Plugin 456.vd8a_957db_5b_e9 limits the characters that can be used for the ID of input steps in Pipelines to alphanumeric characters and URL-safe punctuation. Pipelines with input steps having IDs with prohibited characters will fail with an error.
This includes Pipelines that have already been started but not finished before Jenkins is restarted to apply this update.
Pipeline: Declarative Plugin provides an input directive that is internally using the input step, and specifies a non-default ID if not user-defined. Pipeline: Declarative Plugin 2.2114.v2654ca_721309 and earlier may specify values incompatible with this new restriction on legal values: input directives in a stage use the stage name (which may include prohibited characters) and input directives in a matrix will use a value generated from the matrix axis values (which always includes prohibited characters). Administrators are advised to update Pipeline: Input Step Plugin and Pipeline: Declarative Plugin at the same time, ideally while no Pipelines are running.
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"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CSRF protection for any URL can be bypassed in Jenkins Pipeline: Input Step Plugin"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Use context-aware encoding. That is, understand which encoding is being used by the downstream component, and ensure that this encoding is used. If an encoding can be specified, do so, instead of assuming that the default encoding is the same as the default being assumed by the downstream component.
Mitigation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Where possible, use communications protocols or data formats that provide strict boundaries between control and data. If this is not feasible, ensure that the protocols or formats allow the communicating components to explicitly state which encoding/decoding method is being used. Some template frameworks provide built-in support.
Mitigation MIT-4.3
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Note that some template mechanisms provide built-in support for the appropriate encoding.
CAPEC-468: Generic Cross-Browser Cross-Domain Theft
An attacker makes use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) injection to steal data cross domain from the victim's browser. The attack works by abusing the standards relating to loading of CSS: 1. Send cookies on any load of CSS (including cross-domain) 2. When parsing returned CSS ignore all data that does not make sense before a valid CSS descriptor is found by the CSS parser.