Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14554 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-XJ54-92RQ-85WC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Razorpay Razorpay for WooCommerce woo-razorpay allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Razorpay for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 4.8.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Razorpay Razorpay for WooCommerce woo-razorpay allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Razorpay for WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 4.8.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj54-92rq-85wc",
  "modified": "2026-04-13T21:30:36Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T09:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/woo-razorpay/vulnerability/wordpress-razorpay-for-woocommerce-plugin-4-8-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ7C-96W2-G33P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 18:31
VLAI
Details

The All-in-One Video Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the ajax_callback_create_bunny_stream_video, ajax_callback_get_bunny_stream_video, and ajax_callback_delete_bunny_stream_video functions in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create and delete videos on the Bunny Stream CDN associated with the victim's account, provided they can obtain a valid nonce which is exposed in public player templates.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14947"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-23T18:16:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The All-in-One Video Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `ajax_callback_create_bunny_stream_video`, `ajax_callback_get_bunny_stream_video`, and `ajax_callback_delete_bunny_stream_video` functions in all versions up to, and including, 4.6.4. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create and delete videos on the Bunny Stream CDN associated with the victim\u0027s account, provided they can obtain a valid nonce which is exposed in public player templates.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj7c-96w2-g33p",
  "modified": "2026-01-23T18:31:30Z",
  "published": "2026-01-23T18:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14947"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/all-in-one-video-gallery/trunk/includes/init.php#L373"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/all-in-one-video-gallery/trunk/public/bunny-stream.php#L131"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/all-in-one-video-gallery/trunk/public/bunny-stream.php#L285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3441541"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bedfb712-faf6-4131-b254-e6d7c367f49f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ7P-J38Q-7PQ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-07 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-29 00:31
VLAI
Details

nGrinder before 3.5.9 allows an attacker to create or update webhook configuration due to lack of access control, which could be the cause of information disclosure and limited Server-Side Request Forgery.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28215"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-07T05:15:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "nGrinder before 3.5.9 allows an attacker to create or update webhook configuration due to lack of access control, which could be the cause of information disclosure and limited Server-Side Request Forgery.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj7p-j38q-7pq6",
  "modified": "2024-08-29T00:31:34Z",
  "published": "2024-03-07T06:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28215"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.naver.com/detail/cve-2024-28215.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ8G-6JM5-P9WV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the log file download functionality of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to download arbitrary log files from the server.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient authorization checks on the download service API. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted URL request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to download sensitive log files that they would otherwise not have authorization to access. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid credentials to access the web-based management interface of the affected device.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-20189"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T17:16:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the log file download functionality of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an\u0026nbsp;authenticated, remote attacker to download arbitrary log files from the server.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient authorization checks on the download service API. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted URL request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to download sensitive log files that they would otherwise not have authorization to access.\nTo exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid credentials to access the web-based management interface of the affected device.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj8g-6jm5-p9wv",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T18:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20189"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-pi-unauth-infodiscl-LFnLgmey"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ8P-VPQC-XJ39

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-29 12:31 – Updated: 2024-09-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

The MP3 Audio Player – Music Player, Podcast Player & Radio by Sonaar plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized arbitrary file deletion due to a missing capability check on the removeTempFiles() function and insufficient path validation on the 'file' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 5.7.0.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files which can make remote code execution possible when wp-config.php is deleted.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7856"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-29T11:15:29Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The MP3 Audio Player \u2013 Music Player, Podcast Player \u0026 Radio by Sonaar plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized arbitrary file deletion due to a missing capability check on the removeTempFiles() function and insufficient path validation on the \u0027file\u0027 parameter in all versions up to, and including, 5.7.0.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files which can make remote code execution possible when wp-config.php is deleted.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj8p-vpqc-xj39",
  "modified": "2024-09-13T18:31:41Z",
  "published": "2024-08-29T12:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7856"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp3-music-player-by-sonaar/tags/5.7.0.1/includes/class-sonaar-music.php#L739"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mp3-music-player-by-sonaar/tags/5.7.0.1/includes/class-sonaar-music.php#L755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3142445/mp3-music-player-by-sonaar/trunk/includes/class-sonaar-music.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/43adc9dd-1780-440f-90c2-ff05a22eb084?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ9R-5FJ6-GGXG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-27 15:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in MiKa OSM osm allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects OSM: from n/a through <= 6.1.12.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25323"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T09:16:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in MiKa OSM osm allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects OSM: from n/a through \u003c= 6.1.12.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj9r-5fj6-ggxg",
  "modified": "2026-02-27T15:34:11Z",
  "published": "2026-02-19T18:31:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25323"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/osm/vulnerability/wordpress-osm-plugin-6-1-12-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJ9W-5R6Q-X6V4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 02:59 – Updated: 2026-05-06 23:25
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Device-Paired Node Skips Node Scope Gate → Host RCE.md
Details

Summary

Device-Paired Node Skips Node Scope Gate → Host RCE.md

Current Maintainer Triage

  • Status: open
  • Normalized severity: high
  • Assessment: Real in shipped v2026.3.28 because a merely device-paired node could expose node commands without node pairing, but high is sufficient given the pairing/setup prerequisites.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published npm version: 2026.3.31
  • Vulnerable version range: <=2026.3.28
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.3.31
  • First stable tag containing the fix: v2026.3.31

Fix Commit(s)

  • 3886b65ef21d02808c1a106fa1f9f69e22f71c32 — 2026-03-30T17:29:28+01:00

OpenClaw thanks @AntAISecurityLab for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41352"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T02:59:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nDevice-Paired Node Skips Node Scope Gate \u2192 Host RCE.md\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Status: open\n- Normalized severity: high\n- Assessment: Real in shipped v2026.3.28 because a merely device-paired node could expose node commands without node pairing, but high is sufficient given the pairing/setup prerequisites.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.28`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.31`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `3886b65ef21d02808c1a106fa1f9f69e22f71c32` \u2014 2026-03-30T17:29:28+01:00\n\nOpenClaw thanks @AntAISecurityLab for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-xj9w-5r6q-x6v4",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T23:25:17Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T02:59:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xj9w-5r6q-x6v4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41352"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/3886b65ef21d02808c1a106fa1f9f69e22f71c32"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-remote-code-execution-via-node-scope-gate-bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Device-Paired Node Skips Node Scope Gate \u2192 Host RCE.md"
}

GHSA-XJCW-Q83G-V2H5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-09 15:30
VLAI
Details

Rapid7 Insight Platform versions between November 2019 and August 14, 2024 suffer from missing authorization issues whereby an attacker can intercept local requests to set the name and description of a new user group. This could potentially lead to an empty user group being added to the incorrect customer. This vulnerability is remediated as of August 14, 2024.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-09T15:15:12Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Rapid7 Insight Platform versions between November 2019 and August 14, 2024 suffer from missing authorization issues whereby an attacker can intercept local requests to set the name and description of a new user group. This could potentially lead to an empty user group being added to the incorrect customer. This vulnerability is remediated as of August 14, 2024.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjcw-q83g-v2h5",
  "modified": "2024-09-09T15:30:41Z",
  "published": "2024-09-09T15:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/862.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJF3-8J25-J4M3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-02 18:30
VLAI
Details

The WP Cookie Consent ( for GDPR, CCPA & ePrivacy ) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the gdpr_policy_process_delete() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-3599"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T17:15:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP Cookie Consent ( for GDPR, CCPA \u0026 ePrivacy ) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the gdpr_policy_process_delete() function in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjf3-8j25-j4m3",
  "modified": "2024-05-02T18:30:54Z",
  "published": "2024-05-02T18:30:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3599"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3071278/gdpr-cookie-consent/tags/3.1.0/admin/class-gdpr-cookie-consent-admin.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4b9abbf1-d9f5-4406-9d0c-bc2f9891d0e8?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XJF9-FCQR-8Q9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:21 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00
VLAI
Details

Authenticated Database Reset vulnerability in WordPress WP Reset PRO Premium plugin (versions <= 5.98) allows any authenticated user to wipe the entire database regardless of their authorization. It leads to a complete website reset and takeover.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36909"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-18T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authenticated Database Reset vulnerability in WordPress WP Reset PRO Premium plugin (versions \u003c= 5.98) allows any authenticated user to wipe the entire database regardless of their authorization. It leads to a complete website reset and takeover.",
  "id": "GHSA-xjf9-fcqr-8q9x",
  "modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:21:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36909"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-reset/wordpress-wp-reset-pro-premium-plugin-5-98-authenticated-database-reset-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/wp-reset-pro-critical-vulnerability-fixed"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpreset.com/changelog"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.