CWE-120
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CVE-2023-33302 (GCVE-0-2023-33302)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 14:58 – Updated: 2025-03-31 15:30
VLAI
Summary
A buffer copy without checking size of input ('classic buffer overflow') in Fortinet FortiMail webmail and administrative interface version 6.4.0 through 6.4.4 and before 6.2.6 and FortiNDR administrative interface version 7.2.0 and before 7.1.0 allows an authenticated attacker with regular webmail access to trigger a buffer overflow and to possibly execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiNDR |
Affected:
7.2.0
Affected: 7.1.0 Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.6 (semver) Affected: 1.5.0 , ≤ 1.5.3 (semver) Affected: 1.4.0 Affected: 1.3.0 , ≤ 1.3.1 (semver) Affected: 1.2.0 Affected: 1.1.0 |
|
| Fortinet | FortiMail |
Affected:
6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.4
(semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.6 (semver) Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.10 (semver) Affected: 5.4.0 , ≤ 5.4.12 (semver) Affected: 5.3.12 , ≤ 5.3.13 (semver) Affected: 5.3.0 , ≤ 5.3.10 (semver) Affected: 5.2.0 , ≤ 5.2.10 (semver) Affected: 5.1.0 , ≤ 5.1.7 (semver) Affected: 5.0.0 , ≤ 5.0.11 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:6.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-3346 (GCVE-0-2023-3346)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-03 04:00 – Updated: 2024-12-04 15:16
VLAI
Title
Denial of Service (DoS) and Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in MITSUBISHI CNC Series
Summary
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in MITSUBSHI CNC Series allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause Denial of Service (DoS) condition and execute arbitrary code on the product by sending specially crafted packets. In addition, system reset is required for recovery.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/en/psirt/vulne… | vendor-advisory |
| https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU90352157/index.html | government-resource |
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | government-resource |
Impacted products
20 products
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CVE-2023-34115 (GCVE-0-2023-34115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-13 18:40 – Updated: 2024-11-06 18:59
VLAI
Summary
Buffer copy without checking size of input in Zoom Meeting SDK before 5.13.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable a denial of service via local access. This issue may result in the Zoom Meeting SDK to crash and need to be restarted.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom Meeting SDK |
Affected:
before 5.13.0
|
Date Public
2023-06-13 16:00
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CVE-2023-34140 (GCVE-0-2023-34140)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-17 17:49 – Updated: 2024-10-21 19:42
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.36 Patch 2, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.36 Patch 2, USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware versions 4.16 through 5.36 Patch 2, USG20(W)-VPN series firmware versions 4.16 through 5.36 Patch 2, VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.36 Patch 2, NXC2500 firmware versions 6.10(AAIG.0) through 6.10(AAIG.3), and NXC5500 firmware versions 6.10(AAOS.0) through 6.10(AAOS.4), could allow an unauthenticated, LAN-based attacker to cause denial of service (DoS) conditions by sending a crafted request to the CAPWAP daemon.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | ATP series firmware |
Affected:
4.32 through 5.36 Patch 2
|
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
Affected:
4.50 through 5.36 Patch 2
|
|
| Zyxel | USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware |
Affected:
4.16 through 5.36 Patch 2
|
|
| Zyxel | USG20(W)-VPN series firmware |
Affected:
4.16 through 5.36 Patch 2
|
|
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
Affected:
4.30 through 5.36 Patch 2
|
|
| Zyxel | NXC2500 firmware |
Affected:
6.10(AAIG.0) through 6.10(AAIG.3)
|
|
| Zyxel | NXC5500 firmware |
Affected:
6.10(AAOS.0) through 6.10(AAOS.4)
|
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CVE-2023-34336 (GCVE-0-2023-34336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-12 17:08 – Updated: 2025-01-03 18:55
VLAI
Summary
AMI BMC contains a vulnerability in the IPMI handler, where an
attacker with the required privileges can cause a buffer overflow, which may
lead to code execution, denial of service, or escalation of privileges.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMI | MegaRAC_SPx |
Affected:
13.0 , < 13.5
(RC)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.7 (RC) |
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CVE-2023-34419 (GCVE-0-2023-34419)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-17 16:49 – Updated: 2024-08-02 16:10
VLAI
Summary
A buffer overflow has been identified in the SetupUtility driver in some Lenovo Notebook products which may allow an attacker with local access and elevated privileges to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenovo | Lenovo Notebook |
Affected:
various
|
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CVE-2023-3494 (GCVE-0-2023-3494)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-01 22:13 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:55
VLAI
Title
bhyve privileged guest escape via fwctl
Summary
The fwctl driver implements a state machine which is executed when a bhyve guest accesses certain x86 I/O ports. The interface lets the guest copy a string into a buffer resident in the bhyve process' memory. A bug in the state machine implementation can result in a buffer overflowing when copying this string. Malicious, privileged software running in a guest VM can exploit the buffer overflow to achieve code execution on the host in the bhyve userspace process, which typically runs as root, mitigated by the capabilities assigned through the Capsicum sandbox available to the bhyve process.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.FreeBSD.org/advisories/FreeBSD-S… | vendor-advisory |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2023083… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-3618 (GCVE-0-2023-3618)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-12 14:06 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:35
VLAI
Title
Segmentation fault in fax3encode in libtiff/tif_fax3.c
Summary
A flaw was found in libtiff. A specially crafted tiff file can lead to a segmentation fault due to a buffer overflow in the Fax3Encode function in libtiff/tif_fax3.c, resulting in a denial of service.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | libtiff | ||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Fedora | Fedora |
Date Public
2023-02-13 00:00
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CVE-2023-37245 (GCVE-0-2023-37245)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-06 12:32 – Updated: 2024-11-19 17:01
VLAI
Summary
Buffer overflow vulnerability in the modem pinctrl module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect the integrity and availability of the modem.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-3725 (GCVE-0-2023-3725)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-06 20:10 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:56
VLAI
Title
Potential buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zephyr CANbus subsystem
Summary
Potential buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zephyr CAN bus subsystem
Severity
7.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject-rtos | Zephyr |
Affected:
* , ≤ 3.4
(git)
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Mitigation ID: MIT-3
Phase: Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
Description:
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.1
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-10
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation ID: MIT-9
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11
Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation ID: MIT-12
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Phases: Build and Compilation, Operation
Description:
- Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation ID: MIT-13
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.