CWE-121

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

CVE-2025-54099 (GCVE-0-2025-54099)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 17:00 – Updated: 2026-02-20 16:00
VLAI
Title
Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507 Affected: 10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.21128 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6332 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6332 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.5909 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5909 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5909 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27929 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27929 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23529 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23529 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25675 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25675 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22774 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22774 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4171 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1849 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584 (custom)
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Date Public
2025-09-09 07:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54274 (GCVE-0-2025-54274)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 19:07 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Title
Substance3D - Viewer | Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
Summary
Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.25.2 and earlier are affected by a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Substance3D - Viewer Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.25.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-10-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54399 (GCVE-0-2025-54399)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Summary
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow is related to the `ipaddr` request parameter for composing the `"ping -c <counts> <ipaddr> 2>&1 > %s &"` string.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Planet WGR-500 Affected: v1.3411b190912
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54400 (GCVE-0-2025-54400)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Summary
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow is related to the `counts` request parameter for composing the `"ping -c <counts> <ipaddr> 2>&1 > %s &"` string.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Planet WGR-500 Affected: v1.3411b190912
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54401 (GCVE-0-2025-54401)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Summary
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow is related to the `submit-url` request parameter.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Planet WGR-500 Affected: v1.3411b190912
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54402 (GCVE-0-2025-54402)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Summary
Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow is related to the `submit-url` and `ipaddr` request parameters combined.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Planet WGR-500 Affected: v1.3411b190912
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Francesco Benvenuto of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54480 (GCVE-0-2025-54480)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8719 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 0: if (tag==0) { if (len!=1) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag0 incorrect length %i!=1\n",len); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr); }
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Biosig Project libbiosig Affected: 3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith &gt;_&gt; of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54481 (GCVE-0-2025-54481)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8744 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 3: else if (tag==3) { // character code char v[17]; // [1] if (len>16) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag2 incorrect length %i>16\n",len); curPos += ifread(&v,1,len,hdr); v[len] = 0; In this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `v` \[1\] instead of `buf`. Since `v` is only 17 bytes large, much smaller values of `len` (even those encoded using a single octet) can trigger an overflow in this code path.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Biosig Project libbiosig Affected: 3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith &gt;_&gt; of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54482 (GCVE-0-2025-54482)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8751 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 4: else if (tag==4) { // SPR if (len>4) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag4 incorrect length %i>4\n",len); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Biosig Project libbiosig Affected: 3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith &gt;_&gt; of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-54483 (GCVE-0-2025-54483)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8759 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 5: else if (tag==5) //0x05: number of channels { uint16_t oldNS=hdr->NS; if (len>4) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag5 incorrect length %i>4\n",len); curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Biosig Project libbiosig Affected: 3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith &gt;_&gt; of Cisco Talos.
Show details on NVD website

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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-25T19:08:56.671437Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-25T19:09:05.950Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:13:24.534Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "libbiosig",
          "vendor": "The Biosig Project",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.9.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "Master Branch (35a819fa)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Discovered by Mark Bereza and Lilith \u0026gt;_\u0026gt; of Cisco Talos."
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8759 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 5:\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\telse if (tag==5)     //0x05: number of channels\r\n\t\t\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tuint16_t oldNS=hdr-\u003eNS;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif (len\u003e4) fprintf(stderr,\"Warning MFER tag5 incorrect length %i\u003e4\\n\",len);\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcurPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-121",
              "description": "CWE-121: Stack-based Buffer Overflow",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-25T13:53:45.610Z",
        "orgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
        "shortName": "talos"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234",
          "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
    "assignerShortName": "talos",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-54483",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-25T13:53:45.610Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-07-23T14:45:55.835Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T18:13:24.534Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation ID: MIT-10

Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation

Phase: Architecture and Design

Description:

  • Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation

Phase: Implementation

Description:

  • Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation ID: MIT-11

Phases: Operation, Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Description:

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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