Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XR6H-7436-X32M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16
VLAI
Details
JasPer 2.0.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read and application crash) via a crafted image, related to the jp2_decode function in libjasper/jp2/jp2_dec.c.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9782"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-21T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "JasPer 2.0.12 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read and application crash) via a crafted image, related to the jp2_decode function in libjasper/jp2/jp2_dec.c.",
"id": "GHSA-xr6h-7436-x32m",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mdadams/jasper/issues/140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00082.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00085.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR7W-C4XP-GQC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-09 00:33 – Updated: 2023-11-09 00:33
VLAI
Details
A memory leakage vulnerability was reported in the NvmramSmm SMM driver that may allow a local attacker with elevated privileges to write to NVRAM variables.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45079"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-08T23:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A memory leakage vulnerability was reported in the NvmramSmm SMM driver that may allow a local attacker with elevated privileges to write to NVRAM variables. \n\n",
"id": "GHSA-xr7w-c4xp-gqc3",
"modified": "2023-11-09T00:33:57Z",
"published": "2023-11-09T00:33:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-141775"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR86-842Q-JG2R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:27 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:32
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in the fz_subsample_pixmap function in fitz/pixmap.c in MuPDF 1.10a allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via a crafted image.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5896"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-15T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the fz_subsample_pixmap function in fitz/pixmap.c in MuPDF 1.10a allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via a crafted image.",
"id": "GHSA-xr86-842q-jg2r",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:32:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:27:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=697515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201702-12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=mupdf.git%3Bh=2c4e5867ee699b1081527bc6c6ea0e99a35a5c27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=mupdf.git;h=2c4e5867ee699b1081527bc6c6ea0e99a35a5c27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/02/06/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/02/07/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96139"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR89-HQHP-26M9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:27
VLAI
Details
When processing certain files, PHP EXIF extension in versions 7.1.x below 7.1.29, 7.2.x below 7.2.18 and 7.3.x below 7.3.5 can be caused to read past allocated buffer in exif_process_IFD_TAG function. This may lead to information disclosure or crash.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-126"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-03T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "When processing certain files, PHP EXIF extension in versions 7.1.x below 7.1.29, 7.2.x below 7.2.18 and 7.3.x below 7.3.5 can be caused to read past allocated buffer in exif_process_IFD_TAG function. This may lead to information disclosure or crash.",
"id": "GHSA-xr89-hqhp-26m9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:27:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4009-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3566-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190517-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/38"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WN2HLPGEZEF4MFM5YC5FILZB5QEQFP3A"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3BY2XUUAN277LS7HKAOGL4DVGAELOJV3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2NFXYNCXZCPYT7ZN4ZLI5EPQQW44FRRO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WN2HLPGEZEF4MFM5YC5FILZB5QEQFP3A"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3BY2XUUAN277LS7HKAOGL4DVGAELOJV3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2NFXYNCXZCPYT7ZN4ZLI5EPQQW44FRRO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/05/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00012.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00041.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00044.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108177"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRCV-F9GM-V42C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-12 20:07 – Updated: 2024-10-11 21:27
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds Read in Pillow
Details
path_getbbox in path.c in Pillow before 9.0.0 has a buffer over-read during initialization of ImagePath.Path.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pillow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-11T18:02:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-10T14:12:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "path_getbbox in path.c in Pillow before 9.0.0 has a buffer over-read during initialization of ImagePath.Path.",
"id": "GHSA-xrcv-f9gm-v42c",
"modified": "2024-10-11T21:27:28Z",
"published": "2022-01-12T20:07:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/pull/5920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/commit/5543e4e2d409cd9e409bc64cdc77be0af007a31f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xrcv-f9gm-v42c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/pillow/PYSEC-2022-9.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/c5d9223a8b5e9295d15b5a9b1ef1dae44c8499f3/src/path.c#L331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/01/msg00018.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/releasenotes/9.0.0.html#fixed-imagepath-path-array-handling"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202211-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5053"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Out-of-bounds Read in Pillow"
}
GHSA-XRF2-5R3P-5WGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 17:58 – Updated: 2026-03-26 17:58
VLAI
Summary
libcrux: Panic in Signature Hint Decoding During Verification
Details
During ML-DSA verification the serialized hint values are decoded as specified in algorithm 22 HintBitUnpack of FIPS 204, subsection 7.1. The algorithm requires that the cumulative hint counters per row of the hint vector are strictly increasing and below a maximum value which depends on the choice of ML-DSA parameter set (line 4).
In libcrux-ml-dsa, hint decoding did not check the boundedness of the cumulative hint counter of the last row of the hint vector.
Impact
A manipulated invalid hint can cause an out-of-bounds memory access since the hint decoding logic may attempt to read outside the bounds of the serialized signature, causing a runtime panic.
Mitigation
Starting from version 0.0.8, hint decoding will check the cumulative hint counter of the last row as well.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "libcrux-ml-dsa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-1285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-26T17:58:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "During ML-DSA verification the serialized hint values are decoded as specified in algorithm 22 `HintBitUnpack` of [FIPS 204, subsection 7.1](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A120%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22FitH%22%7D%2C657%5D). The algorithm requires that the cumulative hint counters per row of the hint vector are strictly increasing and below a maximum value which depends on the choice of ML-DSA parameter set (line 4).\n\nIn libcrux-ml-dsa, hint decoding did not check the boundedness of the cumulative hint counter of the last row of the hint vector.\n\n## Impact\nA manipulated invalid hint can cause an out-of-bounds memory access since the hint decoding logic may attempt to read outside the bounds of the serialized signature, causing a runtime panic.\n\n## Mitigation\nStarting from version `0.0.8`, hint decoding will check the cumulative hint counter of the last row as well.",
"id": "GHSA-xrf2-5r3p-5wgj",
"modified": "2026-03-26T17:58:16Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T17:58:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cryspen/libcrux/pull/1348"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cryspen/libcrux"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0076.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "libcrux: Panic in Signature Hint Decoding During Verification"
}
GHSA-XRG8-R4MG-6G2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34
VLAI
Details
After Effects versions 25.1, 24.6.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-27184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "After Effects versions 25.1, 24.6.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-xrg8-r4mg-6g2x",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:49Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/after_effects/apsb25-23.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRHC-74F6-GVM9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:35
VLAI
Details
In wlan, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07573552; Issue ID: ALPS07573575.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20729"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T13:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In wlan, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS07573552; Issue ID: ALPS07573575.",
"id": "GHSA-xrhc-74f6-gvm9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:35:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/June-2023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRQG-3G47-QQ3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in LibVNCServer before 0.9.13. libvncserver/rre.c allows out-of-bounds access via encodings.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in LibVNCServer before 0.9.13. libvncserver/rre.c allows out-of-bounds access via encodings.",
"id": "GHSA-xrqg-3g47-qq3r",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibVNC/libvncserver/commit/74e8a70f2c9a5248d6718ce443e07c7ed314dfff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-390195.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibVNC/libvncserver/compare/LibVNCServer-0.9.12...LibVNCServer-0.9.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/06/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4434-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4573-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRXH-G8JF-MF2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:05 – Updated: 2024-10-22 18:32
VLAI
Details
Suricata version 4.0.4 incorrectly handles the parsing of the SSH banner. A malformed SSH banner can cause the parsing code to read beyond the allocated data because SSHParseBanner in app-layer-ssh.c lacks a length check.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Suricata version 4.0.4 incorrectly handles the parsing of the SSH banner. A malformed SSH banner can cause the parsing code to read beyond the allocated data because SSHParseBanner in app-layer-ssh.c lacks a length check.",
"id": "GHSA-xrxh-g8jf-mf2m",
"modified": "2024-10-22T18:32:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:05:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/04/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://suricata-ids.org/2018/07/18/suricata-4-0-5-available"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.