CWE-284

Improper Access Control

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

CVE-2025-20100 (GCVE-0-2025-20100)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 21:02 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
Summary
Improper access control in the memory controller configurations for some Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processor with E-cores may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • Escalation of Privilege
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processor with E-cores Affected: See references
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20130 (GCVE-0-2025-20130)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-04 16:17 – Updated: 2025-06-23 20:27
VLAI
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine Access Control Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the API of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) and Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to upload files to an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of the file copy function. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted file upload request to a specific API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Identity Services Engine Software Affected: 3.0.0
Affected: 3.0.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p2
Affected: 3.0.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0
Affected: 3.0.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p5
Affected: 3.1.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0 p2
Affected: 3.0.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p4
Affected: 2.7.0 p8
Affected: 3.1.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p1
Affected: 3.0.0 p7
Affected: 3.1.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0 p2
Affected: 3.1.0 p7
Affected: 3.3.0
Affected: 3.2.0 p3
Affected: 3.0.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p6
Affected: 3.1.0 p9
Affected: 3.3 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20131 (GCVE-0-2025-20131)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 16:26 – Updated: 2025-08-20 21:37
VLAI
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the GUI of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to upload files to an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of the file copy function. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted file upload using the Cisco ISE GUI. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Identity Services Engine Software Affected: 3.1.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p1
Affected: 3.1.0 p3
Affected: 3.1.0 p2
Affected: 3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p4
Affected: 2.7.0 p8
Affected: 3.1.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p1
Affected: 3.1.0 p6
Affected: 3.2.0 p2
Affected: 3.1.0 p7
Affected: 3.3.0
Affected: 3.2.0 p3
Affected: 3.2.0 p4
Affected: 3.1.0 p8
Affected: 3.2.0 p5
Affected: 3.2.0 p6
Affected: 3.1.0 p9
Affected: 3.3 Patch 2
Affected: 3.3 Patch 1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20137 (GCVE-0-2025-20137)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 17:31 – Updated: 2025-05-07 19:45
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the access control list (ACL) programming of Cisco IOS Software that is running on Cisco Catalyst 1000 Switches and Cisco Catalyst 2960L Switches could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass a configured ACL. This vulnerability is due to the use of both an IPv4 ACL and a dynamic ACL of IP Source Guard on the same interface, which is an unsupported configuration. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by attempting to send traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass an ACL on the affected device. Note: Cisco documentation has been updated to reflect that this is an unsupported configuration. However, Cisco is publishing this advisory because the device will not prevent an administrator from configuring both features on the same interface. There are no plans to implement the ability to configure both features on the same interface on Cisco Catalyst 1000 or Catalyst 2960L Switches.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco IOS Affected: 15.2(5a)E
Affected: 15.2(5b)E
Affected: 15.2(5c)E
Affected: 15.2(6)E
Affected: 15.2(6)E1
Affected: 15.2(6)E0c
Affected: 15.2(6)E2
Affected: 15.2(7)E
Affected: 15.2(6)E2b
Affected: 15.2(7)E1
Affected: 15.2(7)E0a
Affected: 15.2(7)E0s
Affected: 15.2(6)E3
Affected: 15.2(7)E2
Affected: 15.2(7a)E0b
Affected: 15.2(7)E3
Affected: 15.2(7)E1a
Affected: 15.2(7b)E0b
Affected: 15.2(7)E4
Affected: 15.2(7)E3k
Affected: 15.2(8)E
Affected: 15.2(8)E1
Affected: 15.2(7)E5
Affected: 15.2(7)E6
Affected: 15.2(8)E2
Affected: 15.2(7)E7
Affected: 15.2(8)E3
Affected: 15.2(7)E8
Affected: 15.2(8)E4
Affected: 15.2(7)E9
Affected: 15.2(8)E5
Affected: 15.2(8)E6
Affected: 15.2(7)E10
Affected: 15.2(7)E11
Affected: 15.2(7)E12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20144 (GCVE-0-2025-20144)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 16:12 – Updated: 2025-03-21 20:33
VLAI
Title
Cisco IOS XR Software Access Control List Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the hybrid access control list (ACL) processing of IPv4 packets in Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass a configured ACL. This vulnerability is due to incorrect handling of packets when a specific configuration of the hybrid ACL exists. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by attempting to send traffic through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass a configured ACL on the affected device. For more information, see the section of this advisory. Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are workarounds that address this vulnerability.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco IOS XR Software Affected: 6.5.3
Affected: 6.5.2
Affected: 6.5.92
Affected: 6.5.1
Affected: 6.6.2
Affected: 7.0.1
Affected: 6.6.25
Affected: 6.6.1
Affected: 6.5.93
Affected: 7.1.1
Affected: 7.0.90
Affected: 6.6.3
Affected: 7.0.2
Affected: 7.2.1
Affected: 7.1.2
Affected: 6.6.4
Affected: 7.3.1
Affected: 7.4.1
Affected: 7.2.2
Affected: 7.3.2
Affected: 7.5.1
Affected: 7.6.1
Affected: 7.5.2
Affected: 7.7.1
Affected: 7.3.3
Affected: 7.4.2
Affected: 7.3.4
Affected: 7.6.2
Affected: 7.8.1
Affected: 7.5.3
Affected: 7.7.2
Affected: 7.9.1
Affected: 7.8.2
Affected: 7.5.4
Affected: 7.8.22
Affected: 7.10.1
Affected: 7.7.21
Affected: 7.9.2
Affected: 7.3.5
Affected: 7.5.5
Affected: 7.11.1
Affected: 7.10.2
Affected: 7.3.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20153 (GCVE-0-2025-20153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-19 16:06 – Updated: 2025-02-19 16:19
VLAI
Title
Cisco ESA mail Bypass
Summary
A vulnerability in the email filtering mechanism of Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured rules and allow emails that should have been denied to flow through an affected device.   This vulnerability is due to improper handling of email that passes through an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email through the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass email filters on the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Secure Email Affected: 14.0.0-698
Affected: 13.5.1-277
Affected: 13.0.0-392
Affected: 14.2.0-620
Affected: 13.0.5-007
Affected: 13.5.4-038
Affected: 14.2.1-020
Affected: 14.3.0-032
Affected: 15.0.0-104
Affected: 15.0.1-030
Affected: 15.5.0-048
Affected: 15.5.1-055
Affected: 15.5.2-018
Affected: 16.0.0-050
Affected: 15.0.3-002
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20159 (GCVE-0-2025-20159)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-10 16:06 – Updated: 2025-09-10 18:20
VLAI
Title
Cisco IOS XR Software Management Interface ACL Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the management interface access control list (ACL) processing feature in Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass configured ACLs for the SSH, NetConf, and gRPC features. This vulnerability exists because management interface ACLs have not been supported on Cisco IOS XR Software Packet I/O infrastructure platforms for Linux-handled features such as SSH, NetConf, or gRPC. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by attempting to send traffic to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass an ingress ACL that is applied on the management interface of the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco IOS XR Software Affected: 6.6.1
Affected: 6.5.3
Affected: 7.0.1
Affected: 6.6.11
Affected: 6.5.1
Affected: 6.5.2
Affected: 6.6.2
Affected: 6.6.12
Affected: 6.6.25
Affected: 7.1.1
Affected: 7.0.90
Affected: 6.6.3
Affected: 7.0.2
Affected: 7.1.2
Affected: 7.2.1
Affected: 7.0.11
Affected: 7.0.12
Affected: 7.0.14
Affected: 6.6.4
Affected: 7.2.12
Affected: 7.3.1
Affected: 7.4.1
Affected: 7.2.2
Affected: 7.3.15
Affected: 7.3.16
Affected: 7.4.15
Affected: 7.3.2
Affected: 7.5.1
Affected: 7.4.16
Affected: 7.3.27
Affected: 7.6.1
Affected: 7.5.2
Affected: 7.8.1
Affected: 7.6.15
Affected: 7.5.12
Affected: 7.8.12
Affected: 7.3.4
Affected: 7.3.3
Affected: 7.4.2
Affected: 7.7.1
Affected: 7.6.2
Affected: 7.5.3
Affected: 7.7.2
Affected: 7.9.1
Affected: 7.10.1
Affected: 7.8.2
Affected: 7.5.4
Affected: 7.8.22
Affected: 7.7.21
Affected: 7.9.2
Affected: 7.3.5
Affected: 7.5.5
Affected: 7.11.1
Affected: 7.10.2
Affected: 24.1.1
Affected: 7.3.6
Affected: 7.5.52
Affected: 7.11.2
Affected: 24.2.1
Affected: 24.1.2
Affected: 24.2.11
Affected: 24.3.1
Affected: 24.4.1
Affected: 24.2.2
Affected: 7.11.21
Affected: 24.2.20
Affected: 24.3.2
Affected: 25.1.1
Affected: 24.4.2
Affected: 24.3.20
Affected: 25.1.2
Affected: 24.3.30
Affected: 24.4.30
Affected: 24.2.21
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20190 (GCVE-0-2025-20190)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 17:34 – Updated: 2025-05-07 19:45
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the lobby ambassador web interface of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to remove arbitrary users that are defined on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control of actions executed by lobby ambassador users. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to an affected device with a lobby ambassador user account and sending crafted HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts on the device, including users with administrative privileges. Note: This vulnerability is exploitable only if the attacker obtains the credentials for a lobby ambassador account. This account is not configured by default.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco IOS XE Software Affected: 17.6.8
Affected: 17.9.6
Affected: 17.9.6a
Affected: 17.12.1z2
Affected: 17.12.1z3
Affected: 17.15.1
Affected: 17.15.1x
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-20219 (GCVE-0-2025-20219)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 16:28 – Updated: 2025-08-14 20:44
VLAI
Title
Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance and Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software Access Control Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the implementation of access control rules for loopback interfaces in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface. This vulnerability is due to improper enforcement of access control rules for loopback interfaces. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic to a loopback interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass configured access control rules and send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface on the device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software Affected: 9.18.2
Affected: 9.18.2.5
Affected: 9.18.2.7
Affected: 9.19.1
Affected: 9.18.2.8
Affected: 9.18.3
Affected: 9.19.1.5
Affected: 9.19.1.9
Affected: 9.18.3.39
Affected: 9.19.1.12
Affected: 9.18.3.46
Affected: 9.19.1.18
Affected: 9.18.3.53
Affected: 9.18.3.55
Affected: 9.18.3.56
Affected: 9.20.1
Affected: 9.19.1.22
Affected: 9.18.4
Affected: 9.20.1.5
Affected: 9.18.4.5
Affected: 9.19.1.24
Affected: 9.18.4.8
Affected: 9.20.2
Affected: 9.19.1.27
Affected: 9.18.4.22
Affected: 9.20.2.10
Affected: 9.19.1.28
Affected: 9.18.4.24
Affected: 9.20.2.21
Affected: 9.19.1.31
Affected: 9.18.4.29
Affected: 9.20.2.22
Affected: 9.18.4.34
Affected: 9.20.3
Affected: 9.18.4.40
Affected: 9.22.1.1
Affected: 9.20.3.4
Affected: 9.18.4.47
Affected: 9.20.3.7
Affected: 9.19.1.37
Affected: 9.20.3.9
Affected: 9.19.1.38
Affected: 9.18.4.50
Affected: 9.22.1.2
Create a notification for this product.
Cisco Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software Affected: 7.3.0
Affected: 7.3.1
Affected: 7.3.1.1
Affected: 7.4.0
Affected: 7.4.1
Affected: 7.4.1.1
Affected: 7.3.1.2
Affected: 7.6.0
Affected: 7.4.2
Affected: 7.4.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "version": "9.18.2.8"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.9"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3.39"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.12"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3.46"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.18"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3.53"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3.55"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.3.56"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.22"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.1.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.24"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.8"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.27"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.22"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.2.10"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.28"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.24"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.2.21"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.31"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.29"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.2.22"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.34"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.40"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.22.1.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.3.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.47"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.3.7"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.37"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.20.3.9"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.19.1.38"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.18.4.50"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.22.1.2"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software",
          "vendor": "Cisco",
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3.0"
            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3.1"
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3.1.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.4.1.1"
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.3.1.2"
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.6.0"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "version": "7.4.2.1"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability in the implementation of access control rules for loopback interfaces in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability is due to improper enforcement of access control rules for loopback interfaces. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic to a loopback interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass configured access control rules and send traffic\u0026nbsp;that should have been blocked to a loopback interface on the device."
        }
      ],
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      "title": "Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance and Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software Access Control Bypass Vulnerability"
    }
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    "cveId": "CVE-2025-20219",
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CVE-2025-20223 (GCVE-0-2025-20223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 17:37 – Updated: 2025-05-07 19:42
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Catalyst Center, formerly Cisco DNA Center, could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read and modify data in a repository that belongs to an internal service of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient enforcement of access control on HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read and modify data that is handled by an internal service on the affected device.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation ID: MIT-1

Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation

Description:

  • Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation ID: MIT-46

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Description:

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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