CWE-311
Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
The product does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.
CVE-2025-31977 (GCVE-0-2025-31977)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 17:00 – Updated: 2025-08-28 17:14
VLAI
Title
A cryptographic weakness has been identified in the HCL BigFix Service Management (SM)
Summary
HCL BigFix SM is affected by cryptographic weakness due to weak or outdated encryption algorithms. An attacker with network access could exploit this weakness to decrypt or manipulate encrypted communications under certain conditions.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCL Software | BigFix Service Management (SM) |
Affected:
23
(Framework)
|
Date Public
2025-08-28 16:46
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CVE-2025-33020 (GCVE-0-2025-33020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-23 14:47 – Updated: 2025-08-18 01:31
VLAI
Title
IBM Engineering Systems Design Rhapsody information disclosure
Summary
IBM Engineering Systems Design Rhapsody 9.0.2, 10.0, and 10.0.1 transmits sensitive information without encryption that could allow an attacker to obtain highly sensitive information.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7240374 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Engineering Systems Design Rhapsody |
Affected:
9.0.2, 10.0, 10.0.1
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CVE-2025-36062 (GCVE-0-2025-36062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 18:09 – Updated: 2025-08-18 01:33
VLAI
Title
IBM Cognos Analytics Mobile (iOS) information disclosure
Summary
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could be vulnerable to information exposure due to the use of unencrypted network traffic.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7239635 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Cognos Analytics Mobile |
Affected:
1.1.0 , ≤ 1.1.22
(semver)
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CVE-2025-36751 (GCVE-0-2025-36751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-13 08:16 – Updated: 2025-12-16 11:02
VLAI
Title
Missing encryption on Local Configuration Interface or Cloud Endpoint Communication - Growatt MIC3300TL-X and ShineLan-X
Summary
Encryption is missing on the configuration interface for Growatt ShineLan-X and MIC 3300TL-X. This allows an attacker with access to the network to intercept and potentially manipulate communication requests between the inverter and its cloud endpoint.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://csirt.divd.nl/CVE-2025-36751/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | ShineLan-X |
Affected:
3.6.0.0 , ≤ 3.6.0.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-40680 (GCVE-0-2025-40680)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-24 12:14 – Updated: 2025-07-24 13:01
VLAI
Title
Encryption of sensitive data in CapillaryScope missing
Summary
Lack of sensitive data encryption in CapillaryScope v2.5.0 of Capillary io, which stores both the proxy credentials and the JWT session token in plain text within different registry keys on the Windows operating system. Any authenticated local user with read access to the registry can extract these sensitive values.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary io | CapillaryScope |
Affected:
0 , < 2.5.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-07-23 10:00
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CVE-2025-47274 (GCVE-0-2025-47274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-12 14:57 – Updated: 2025-05-12 22:06
VLAI
Title
ToolHive stores secrets in the state store with no encryption
Summary
ToolHive is a utility designed to simplify the deployment and management of Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. Due to the ordering of code used to start an MCP server container, versions of ToolHive prior to 0.0.33 inadvertently store secrets in the run config files which are used to restart stopped containers. This means that an attacker who has access to the home folder of the user who starts the MCP server can read secrets without needing access to the secrets store itself. This only applies to secrets which were used in containers whose run configs exist at a point in time - other secrets remaining inaccessible. ToolHive 0.0.33 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. Stop and delete any running MCP servers, or manually remove any runconfigs from `$HOME/Library/Application Support/toolhive/runconfigs/` (macOS) or `$HOME/.state/toolhive/runconfigs/` (Linux).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/stacklok/toolhive/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/stacklok/toolhive/commit/e8efa… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-59410 (GCVE-0-2025-59410)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 19:58 – Updated: 2025-09-18 15:47
VLAI
Title
Dragonfly tiny file download uses hard coded HTTP protocol
Summary
Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. Prior to 2.1.0, the code in the scheduler for downloading a tiny file is hard coded to use the HTTP protocol, rather than HTTPS. This means that an attacker could perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack, changing the network request so that a different piece of data gets downloaded. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/ma… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dragonflyoss | dragonfly |
Affected:
< 2.1.0
|
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CVE-2025-65098 (GCVE-0-2025-65098)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 14:59 – Updated: 2026-01-22 16:25
VLAI
Title
Typebot Vulnerable to Credential Theft via Client-Side Script Execution and API Authorization Bypass
Summary
Typebot is an open-source chatbot builder. In versions prior to 3.13.2, client-side script execution in Typebot allows stealing all stored credentials from any user. When a victim previews a malicious typebot by clicking "Run", JavaScript executes in their browser and exfiltrates their OpenAI keys, Google Sheets tokens, and SMTP passwords. The `/api/trpc/credentials.getCredentials` endpoint returns plaintext API keys without verifying credential ownership. Version 3.13.2 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
- CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
- CWE-311 - Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
- CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/baptisteArno/typebot.io/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| baptisteArno | typebot.io |
Affected:
< 3.13.2
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CVE-2025-8763 (GCVE-0-2025-8763)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-09 18:02 – Updated: 2025-08-12 16:04
VLAI
Title
Ruijie EG306MG strongSwan strongswan.conf missing encryption
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Ruijie EG306MG 3.0(1)B11P309. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /etc/strongswan.conf of the component strongSwan. The manipulation of the argument i_dont_care_about_security_and_use_aggressive_mode_psk leads to missing encryption of sensitive data. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.319265 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319265 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.624325 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.notion.so/23e54a1113e78049aba1f9f586c67764 | related |
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"value": "A vulnerability was found in Ruijie EG306MG 3.0(1)B11P309. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /etc/strongswan.conf of the component strongSwan. The manipulation of the argument i_dont_care_about_security_and_use_aggressive_mode_psk leads to missing encryption of sensitive data. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
},
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"lang": "de",
"value": "Eine Schwachstelle wurde in Ruijie EG306MG 3.0(1)B11P309 ausgemacht. Sie wurde als problematisch eingestuft. Davon betroffen ist unbekannter Code der Datei /etc/strongswan.conf der Komponente strongSwan. Dank Manipulation des Arguments i_dont_care_about_security_and_use_aggressive_mode_psk mit unbekannten Daten kann eine missing encryption of sensitive data-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Die Komplexit\u00e4t eines Angriffs ist eher hoch. Die Ausnutzbarkeit gilt als schwierig."
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CVE-2026-27944 (GCVE-0-2026-27944)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 16:28 – Updated: 2026-03-19 14:49
VLAI
Title
Nginx UI: Unauthenticated Backup Download with Encryption Key Disclosure
Summary
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to version 2.3.3, the /api/backup endpoint is accessible without authentication and discloses the encryption keys required to decrypt the backup in the X-Backup-Security response header. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to download a full system backup containing sensitive data (user credentials, session tokens, SSL private keys, Nginx configurations) and decrypt it immediately. This issue has been patched in version 2.3.3.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/0xJacky/nginx-ui/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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Mitigation
Phase: Requirements
Description:
- Clearly specify which data or resources are valuable enough that they should be protected by encryption. Require that any transmission or storage of this data/resource should use well-vetted encryption algorithms.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Ensure that encryption is properly integrated into the system design, including but not necessarily limited to:
- Identify the separate needs and contexts for encryption:
- Using threat modeling or other techniques, assume that data can be compromised through a separate vulnerability or weakness, and determine where encryption will be most effective. Ensure that data that should be private is not being inadvertently exposed using weaknesses such as insecure permissions (CWE-732). [REF-7]
- {'xhtml:li': ['Encryption that is needed to store or transmit private data of the users of the system', 'Encryption that is needed to protect the system itself from unauthorized disclosure or tampering']}
- {'xhtml:li': ['One-way (i.e., only the user or recipient needs to have the key). This can be achieved using public key cryptography, or other techniques in which the encrypting party (i.e., the product) does not need to have access to a private key.', 'Two-way (i.e., the encryption can be automatically performed on behalf of a user, but the key must be available so that the plaintext can be automatically recoverable by that user). This requires storage of the private key in a format that is recoverable only by the user (or perhaps by the operating system) in a way that cannot be recovered by others.']}
Mitigation ID: MIT-24
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- When there is a need to store or transmit sensitive data, use strong, up-to-date cryptographic algorithms to encrypt that data. Select a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and use well-tested implementations. As with all cryptographic mechanisms, the source code should be available for analysis.
- For example, US government systems require FIPS 140-2 certification.
- Do not develop custom or private cryptographic algorithms. They will likely be exposed to attacks that are well-understood by cryptographers. Reverse engineering techniques are mature. If the algorithm can be compromised if attackers find out how it works, then it is especially weak.
- Periodically ensure that the cryptography has not become obsolete. Some older algorithms, once thought to require a billion years of computing time, can now be broken in days or hours. This includes MD4, MD5, SHA1, DES, and other algorithms that were once regarded as strong. [REF-267]
Mitigation ID: MIT-46
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
Description:
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation ID: MIT-25
Phases: Implementation, Architecture and Design
Description:
- When using industry-approved techniques, use them correctly. Don't cut corners by skipping resource-intensive steps (CWE-325). These steps are often essential for preventing common attacks.
Mitigation ID: MIT-33
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
CAPEC-157: Sniffing Attacks
In this attack pattern, the adversary intercepts information transmitted between two third parties. The adversary must be able to observe, read, and/or hear the communication traffic, but not necessarily block the communication or change its content. Any transmission medium can theoretically be sniffed if the adversary can examine the contents between the sender and recipient. Sniffing Attacks are similar to Adversary-In-The-Middle attacks (CAPEC-94), but are entirely passive. AiTM attacks are predominantly active and often alter the content of the communications themselves.
CAPEC-158: Sniffing Network Traffic
In this attack pattern, the adversary monitors network traffic between nodes of a public or multicast network in an attempt to capture sensitive information at the protocol level. Network sniffing applications can reveal TCP/IP, DNS, Ethernet, and other low-level network communication information. The adversary takes a passive role in this attack pattern and simply observes and analyzes the traffic. The adversary may precipitate or indirectly influence the content of the observed transaction, but is never the intended recipient of the target information.
CAPEC-204: Lifting Sensitive Data Embedded in Cache
An adversary examines a target application's cache, or a browser cache, for sensitive information. Many applications that communicate with remote entities or which perform intensive calculations utilize caches to improve efficiency. However, if the application computes or receives sensitive information and the cache is not appropriately protected, an attacker can browse the cache and retrieve this information. This can result in the disclosure of sensitive information.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-37: Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data
An attacker examines a target system to find sensitive data that has been embedded within it. This information can reveal confidential contents, such as account numbers or individual keys/credentials that can be used as an intermediate step in a larger attack.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-609: Cellular Traffic Intercept
Cellular traffic for voice and data from mobile devices and retransmission devices can be intercepted via numerous methods. Malicious actors can deploy their own cellular tower equipment and intercept cellular traffic surreptitiously. Additionally, government agencies of adversaries and malicious actors can intercept cellular traffic via the telecommunications backbone over which mobile traffic is transmitted.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.