CWE-346
Origin Validation Error
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
CVE-2024-10534 (GCVE-0-2024-10534)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-15 11:02 – Updated: 2026-06-02 06:51
VLAI
Title
Improper Access Control in Dataprom Informatics' PACS-ACSS
Summary
Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Dataprom Informatics Personnel Attendance Control Systems (PACS) / Access Control Security Systems (ACSS) allows Traffic Injection.
This issue affects Personnel Attendance Control Systems (PACS) / Access Control Security Systems (ACSS): before 2024.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-1856 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dataprom Informatics | Personnel Attendance Control Systems (PACS) / Access Control Security Systems (ACSS) |
Affected:
0 , < 2024
(custom)
|
|
| dataprom_informatics | personnel_attendance_control_systems |
Affected:
0 , < 2024
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:dataprom_informatics:personnel_attendance_control_systems:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| dataprom_informatics | access_control_security_systems |
Affected:
0 , < 2024
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:dataprom_informatics:access_control_security_systems:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-10956 (GCVE-0-2024-10956)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:11 – Updated: 2025-07-15 10:48
VLAI
Title
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in binary-husky/gpt_academic
Summary
GPT Academy version 3.83 in the binary-husky/gpt_academic repository is vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). This vulnerability allows an attacker to hijack an existing WebSocket connection between the victim's browser and the server, enabling unauthorized actions such as deleting conversation history without the victim's consent. The issue arises due to insufficient WebSocket authentication and lack of origin validation.
Severity
7.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| binary-husky | binary-husky/gpt_academic |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-11602 (GCVE-0-2024-11602)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-20 10:10 – Updated: 2025-03-20 18:15
VLAI
Title
CORS Vulnerability in feast-dev/feast
Summary
A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) vulnerability exists in feast-dev/feast version 0.40.0. The CORS configuration on the agentscope server does not properly restrict access to only trusted origins, allowing any external domain to make requests to the API. This can bypass intended security controls and potentially expose sensitive information.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| feast-dev | feast-dev/feast |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-1249 (GCVE-0-2024-1249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-17 13:22 – Updated: 2026-06-02 12:00
VLAI
Title
Keycloak: org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: unvalidated cross-origin messages in checkloginiframe leads to ddos
Summary
A flaw was found in Keycloak's OIDC component in the "checkLoginIframe," which allows unvalidated cross-origin messages. This flaw allows attackers to coordinate and send millions of requests in seconds using simple code, significantly impacting the application's availability without proper origin validation for incoming messages.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1860 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1861 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1862 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1864 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1866 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1867 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1868 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2945 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:4057 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-1249 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2262918 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
27 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
21.1.0 , < 22.0.10
(semver)
Affected: 23.0.0 , < 24.0.3 (semver) |
|||
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7.12 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 |
Unaffected:
22.0.10-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 |
Unaffected:
22-13 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 |
Unaffected:
22-16 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 22.0.10 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.6 for RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:18.0.13-1.redhat_00001.1.el7sso , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.6 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:18.0.13-1.redhat_00001.1.el8sso , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7.6 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:18.0.13-1.redhat_00001.1.el9sso , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-8 based Middleware Containers |
Unaffected:
7.6-46 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhosemc:1.0::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | RHOSS-1.33-RHEL-8 |
Unaffected:
1.33.0-5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_serverless:1.33::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | RHOSS-1.33-RHEL-8 |
Unaffected:
1.33.0-3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_serverless:1.33::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | RHSSO 7.6.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:service_registry:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Decision Manager 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_brms_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub |
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:1 |
Date Public
2024-04-16 00:00
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CVE-2024-12973 (GCVE-0-2024-12973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-02 11:43 – Updated: 2026-06-01 12:44
VLAI
Title
Host Header Injection in Akinsoft's OctoCloud
Summary
Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Akinsoft OctoCloud allows HTTP Response Splitting, CAPEC - 87 - Forceful Browsing.
This issue affects OctoCloud: from s1.09.01 before v1.11.01.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0203 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-13068 (GCVE-0-2024-13068)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 13:12 – Updated: 2026-06-01 12:34
VLAI
Title
Host Header Injection in Akinsoft's LimonDesk
Summary
Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows Forceful Browsing.
This issue affects LimonDesk: from s1.02.14 before v1.02.17.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0206 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-09-03 13:09
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CVE-2024-14006 (GCVE-0-2024-14006)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 21:38 – Updated: 2025-11-17 18:21
VLAI
Title
Nagios XI < 2024R1.2.2 Host Header Injection
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nagios.com/products/security/#nagios-xi | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.nagios.com/changelog/nagios-xi/ | release-notespatch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nagios-xi-ho… | third-party-advisory |
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CVE-2024-2182 (GCVE-0-2024-2182)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 16:18 – Updated: 2025-11-08 07:11
VLAI
Title
Ovn: insufficient validation of bfd packets may lead to denial of service
Summary
A flaw was found in the Open Virtual Network (OVN). In OVN clusters where BFD is used between hypervisors for high availability, an attacker can inject specially crafted BFD packets from inside unprivileged workloads, including virtual machines or containers, that can trigger a denial of service.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
18 references
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Affected:
20.03.0 , < *
(semver)
|
|||
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:23.06.1-112.el8fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:22.12.1-94.el8fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:22.03.3-71.el8fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:23.03.1-100.el8fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:21.12.0-142.el8fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:23.09.0-136.el9fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:23.06.1-112.el9fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:22.12.1-94.el9fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:22.03.3-71.el9fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:23.03.1-100.el9fdp , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::fastdatapath |
|
| Red Hat | Fast Datapath for RHEL 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::fastdatapath |
Date Public
2024-03-12 00:00
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CVE-2024-22062 (GCVE-0-2024-22062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-09 06:41 – Updated: 2024-08-01 22:35
VLAI
Title
Permissions and Access Control Vulnerability in ZTE ZXCLOUD IRAI
Summary
There is a permissions and access control vulnerability in ZXCLOUD IRAI.An attacker can elevate non-administrator permissions to administrator permissions by modifying the configuration.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZTE | ZXCLOUD IRAI |
Affected:
0 , ≤ ClientV7.23.31
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CVE-2024-23458 (GCVE-0-2024-23458)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-06 15:22 – Updated: 2024-08-06 18:36
VLAI
Title
Local Privilege Escalation on Zscaler Client Connector on Windows
Summary
While copying individual autoupdater log files, reparse point check was missing which could result into crafted attacks, potentially leading to a local privilege escalation. This issue affects Zscaler Client Connector on Windows <4.2.0.190.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zscaler | Client Connector |
Affected:
0 , < 4.2.0.190
(custom)
|
|
| zscaler | client_connector |
Affected:
0 , < 4.2.0.190
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:*:*:*:*:*:windows:*:* |
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.