CWE-362
Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
CVE-2021-20316 (GCVE-0-2021-20316)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-23 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:37
VLAI
Summary
A flaw was found in the way Samba handled file/directory metadata. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker with permissions to read or modify share metadata, to perform this operation outside of the share.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-362 - - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-20321 (GCVE-0-2021-20321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-18 17:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:37
VLAI
Summary
A race condition accessing file object in the Linux kernel OverlayFS subsystem was found in the way users do rename in specific way with OverlayFS. A local user could use this flaw to crash the system.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
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| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5096 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN |
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CVE-2021-21005 (GCVE-0-2021-21005)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-25 18:25 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:17
VLAI
Title
Race Condition Vulnerability in Phoenix Contact FL SWITCH SMCS series products
Summary
In Phoenix Contact FL SWITCH SMCS series products in multiple versions if an attacker sends a hand-crafted TCP-Packet with the Urgent-Flag set and the Urgent-Pointer set to 0, the network stack will crash. The device needs to be rebooted afterwards.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Race Condition (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.vde.com/en-us/advisories/vde-2021-023 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenix Contact | FL SWITCH |
Affected:
SMCS 16TX (2700996) , ≤ 4.70
(custom)
Affected: SMCS 14TX/2FX (2700997) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 14TX/2FX-SM (2701466) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 8GT (2891123) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 6GT/2SFP (2891479) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 8TX-PN (2989103) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 4TX-PN (2989093) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 8TX (2989226) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMCS 6TX/2SFP (2989323) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMN 6TX/2POF-PN (2700290) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMN 8TX-PN (2989501) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMN 6TX/2FX (2989543) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) Affected: SMN 6TX/2FX SM (2989556) , ≤ 4.70 (custom) |
|
| Phoenix Contact | FL NAT |
Affected:
SMN 8TX (2989365) , ≤ 4.63
(custom)
Affected: SMN 8TX-M (2702443) , ≤ 4.63 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-06-23 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2021-23133 (GCVE-0-2021-23133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-22 18:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:04
VLAI
Title
Linux Kernel sctp_destroy_sock race condition
Summary
A race condition in Linux kernel SCTP sockets (net/sctp/socket.c) before 5.12-rc8 can lead to kernel privilege escalation from the context of a network service or an unprivileged process. If sctp_destroy_sock is called without sock_net(sk)->sctp.addr_wq_lock then an element is removed from the auto_asconf_splist list without any proper locking. This can be exploited by an attacker with network service privileges to escalate to root or from the context of an unprivileged user directly if a BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE is attached which denies creation of some SCTP socket.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Race Condition (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization)
Assigner
References
12 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/10/1 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/10/2 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/10/4 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/05/10/3 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2021061… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux Kernel | Linux Kernel |
Affected:
unspecified , < 5.12-rc8
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-04-13 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2021-24377 (GCVE-0-2021-24377)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-21 19:18 – Updated: 2024-08-03 19:28
VLAI
Title
Autoptimize < 2.7.8 - Race Condition leading to RCE
Summary
The Autoptimize WordPress plugin before 2.7.8 attempts to remove potential malicious files from the extracted archive uploaded via the 'Import Settings' feature, however this is not sufficient to protect against RCE as a race condition can be achieved in between the moment the file is extracted on the disk but not yet removed. It is a bypass of CVE-2020-24948.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-362 - Race Condition (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/85c0a564-2e56-41… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown | Autoptimize |
Affected:
2.7.8 , < 2.7.8
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-25395 (GCVE-0-2021-25395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-11 14:45 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:25
VLAI
Summary
A race condition in MFC charger driver prior to SMR MAY-2021 Release 1 allows local attackers to bypass signature check given a radio privilege is compromised.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samsung Mobile | Samsung Mobile Devices |
Affected:
O(8.x), P(9.0), Q(10.0), R(11.0) , < SMR MAY-2021 Release 1
(custom)
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CVE-2021-31364 (GCVE-0-2021-31364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:16 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:56
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: SRX Series: The flowd process will crash if log session-close is configured and specific traffic is received
Summary
An Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability combined with a Race Condition in the flow daemon (flowd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX300 Series, SRX500 Series, SRX1500, and SRX5000 Series with SPC2 allows an unauthenticated network based attacker sending specific traffic to cause a crash of the flowd/srxpfe process, responsible for traffic forwarding in SRX, which will cause a Denial of Service (DoS). Continued receipt and processing of this specific traffic will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue can only occur when specific packets are trying to create the same session and logging for session-close is configured as a policy action. Affected platforms are: SRX300 Series, SRX500 Series, SRX1500, and SRX5000 Series with SPC2. Not affected platforms are: SRX4000 Series, SRX5000 Series with SPC3, and vSRX Series. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS SRX300 Series, SRX500 Series, SRX1500, and SRX5000 Series with SPC2: All versions prior to 17.4R3-S5; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S6; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S2; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R1-S4, 19.4R3-S3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11226 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 17.4R3-S5
(custom)
Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R3-S9 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S6 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R1-S4, 19.4R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R3 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3 (custom) Affected: 20.4 , < 20.4R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-13 00:00
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CVE-2021-31382 (GCVE-0-2021-31382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:17 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:05
VLAI
Title
Junos OS: PTX1000 System, PTX10002-60C System: After upgrading, configured firewall filters may be applied on incorrect interfaces
Summary
On PTX1000 System, PTX10002-60C System, after upgrading to an affected release, a Race Condition vulnerability between the chassis daemon (chassisd) and firewall process (dfwd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS, may update the device's interfaces with incorrect firewall filters. This issue only occurs when upgrading the device to an affected version of Junos OS. Interfaces intended to have protections may have no protections assigned to them. Interfaces with one type of protection pattern may have alternate protections assigned to them. Interfaces intended to have no protections may have protections assigned to them. These firewall rule misassignments may allow genuine traffic intended to be stopped at the interface to propagate further, potentially causing disruptions in services by propagating unwanted traffic. An attacker may be able to take advantage of these misassignments. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on PTX1000 System: 17.2 versions 17.2R1 and later versions prior to 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S12; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R3-S5; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S13; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S8; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S8; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S5; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R3-S2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S4, 19.4R3-S3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2-S3, 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R1-S1, 20.4R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS prior to version 17.2R1 on PTX1000 System. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on PTX10002-60C System: 18.2 versions 18.2R1 and later versions prior to 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions later than 19.1R1 prior to 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S5, 19.4R3-S5; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3-S1; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3-S1; 20.4 versions 20.4R1 and later versions prior to 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2; 21.2 versions 21.2R1 and later versions prior to 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS prior to version 18.2R1 on PTX10002-60C System. This issue impacts all filter families (inet, inet6, etc.) and all loopback filters. It does not rely upon the location where a filter is set, impacting both logical and physical interfaces.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Race Condition (Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11250 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://kb.juniper.net/KB10956 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 17.2R1
(custom)
Affected: 17.2R1 , < 17.2* (custom) Affected: 17.3 , < 17.3R3-S12 (custom) Affected: 17.4 , < 17.4R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.1 , < 18.1R3-S13 (custom) Affected: 18.2 , < 18.2R3-S8 (custom) Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S8 (custom) Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 19.3 , < 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R2-S4, 19.4R3-S3 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R3 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R2-S3, 20.2R3 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3 (custom) Affected: 20.4 , < 20.4R1-S1, 20.4R2 (custom) |
|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
18.4 , < 18.4R3-S9
(custom)
Affected: 19.1R1 , < 19.1* (custom) Affected: 19.4 , < 19.4R2-S5, 19.4R3-S5 (custom) Affected: 20.1 , < 20.1R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.2 , < 20.2R3-S2 (custom) Affected: 20.3 , < 20.3R3-S1 (custom) Affected: 20.4R1 , < 20.4* (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R2 (custom) Affected: 21.2R1 , < 21.2* (custom) Affected: 21.3 , < 21.3R2 (custom) Unaffected: 18.2 , < 18.2R1 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-13 00:00
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"value": "On PTX1000 System, PTX10002-60C System, after upgrading to an affected release, a Race Condition vulnerability between the chassis daemon (chassisd) and firewall process (dfwd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS, may update the device\u0027s interfaces with incorrect firewall filters. This issue only occurs when upgrading the device to an affected version of Junos OS. Interfaces intended to have protections may have no protections assigned to them. Interfaces with one type of protection pattern may have alternate protections assigned to them. Interfaces intended to have no protections may have protections assigned to them. These firewall rule misassignments may allow genuine traffic intended to be stopped at the interface to propagate further, potentially causing disruptions in services by propagating unwanted traffic. An attacker may be able to take advantage of these misassignments. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on PTX1000 System: 17.2 versions 17.2R1 and later versions prior to 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S12; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R3-S5; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S13; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S8; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S8; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S5; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R3-S2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S4, 19.4R3-S3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2-S3, 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R1-S1, 20.4R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS prior to version 17.2R1 on PTX1000 System. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on PTX10002-60C System: 18.2 versions 18.2R1 and later versions prior to 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions later than 19.1R1 prior to 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R2-S5, 19.4R3-S5; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3-S1; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S2; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3-S1; 20.4 versions 20.4R1 and later versions prior to 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2; 21.2 versions 21.2R1 and later versions prior to 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS prior to version 18.2R1 on PTX10002-60C System. This issue impacts all filter families (inet, inet6, etc.) and all loopback filters. It does not rely upon the location where a filter is set, impacting both logical and physical interfaces."
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"baseScore": 6.5,
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"scope": "CHANGED",
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"name": "https://kb.juniper.net/KB10956",
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"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/KB10956"
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"lang": "en",
"value": "The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue:\n\nJunos OS on PTX1000 System: 17.3R3-S12, 18.1R3-S13, 18.2R3-S8, 18.3R3-S5, 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S8, 19.1R3-S5, 19.2R3-S2, 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S3, 19.4R2-S4, 19.4R3-S3, 20.1R3, 20.2R2-S3, 20.2R3, 20.3R2-S1, 20.3R3, 20.4R1-S1, 20.4R2, 21.1R1, and all subsequent releases.\n\nJunos OS on PTX10002-60C System: 18.4R3-S9, 19.4R2-S5, 19.4R3-S5, 20.1R3-S1, 20.2R3-S2, 20.3R3-S1, 21.1R2, 21.3R2, 21.4R1, and all subsequent releases."
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CVE-2021-32686 (GCVE-0-2021-32686)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:09
VLAI
Title
Denial of Service in PJSIP
Summary
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C language implementing standard based protocols such as SIP, SDP, RTP, STUN, TURN, and ICE. In PJSIP before version 2.11.1, there are a couple of issues found in the SSL socket. First, a race condition between callback and destroy, due to the accepted socket having no group lock. Second, the SSL socket parent/listener may get destroyed during handshake. Both issues were reported to happen intermittently in heavy load TLS connections. They cause a crash, resulting in a denial of service. These are fixed in version 2.11.1.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
8 references
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CVE-2021-32810 (GCVE-0-2021-32810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-02 18:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:33
VLAI
Title
Data race in crossbeam-deque
Summary
crossbeam-deque is a package of work-stealing deques for building task schedulers when programming in Rust. In versions prior to 0.7.4 and 0.8.0, the result of the race condition is that one or more tasks in the worker queue can be popped twice instead of other tasks that are forgotten and never popped. If tasks are allocated on the heap, this can cause double free and a memory leak. If not, this still can cause a logical bug. Crates using `Stealer::steal`, `Stealer::steal_batch`, or `Stealer::steal_batch_and_pop` are affected by this issue. This has been fixed in crossbeam-deque 0.8.1 and 0.7.4.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Assigner
References
15 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| crossbeam-rs | crossbeam |
Affected:
< 0.7.4
Affected: >= 0.8.0, < 0.8.1 |
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"title": "Data race in crossbeam-deque",
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.