CWE-470
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
CVE-2026-33157 (GCVE-0-2026-33157)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-24 17:22 – Updated: 2026-03-25 03:56
VLAI
Title
Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior
Summary
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). From version 5.6.0 to before version 5.9.13, a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in Craft CMS, it can be exploited by any authenticated user with control panel access. This is a bypass of a previous fix. The existing patches add cleanseConfig() to assembleLayoutFromPost() and various FieldsController actions to strip Yii2 behavior/event injection keys ("as" and "on" prefixed keys). However, the fieldLayouts parameter in ElementIndexesController::actionFilterHud() is passed directly to FieldLayout::createFromConfig() without any sanitization, enabling the same behavior injection attack chain. This issue has been patched in version 5.9.13.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/97e90b4bde… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.9.13 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-34216 (GCVE-0-2026-34216)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 20:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 13:06
VLAI
Title
CtrlPanel: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Dynamic Class Instantiation in SettingsController.php
Summary
CtrlPanel is open-source billing software for hosting providers. In versions 1.1.1 and prior, the admin settings update endpoint accepted a fully qualified class name directly from user-supplied request input and used it for dynamic static method calls and object instantiation without any allowlist validation, allowing for authenticated Remote Code Execution. An authenticated admin-level user could supply an arbitrary class name available in the Composer autoloader, potentially triggering unintended constructor or magic method execution. The update() method reads settings_class directly from the HTTP request and passed it to new $settings_class() and $settings_class::getValidations() without verifying that the provided value corresponds to a legitimate settings class: Because PHP resolves class names against the Composer autoloader at runtime, any autoloadable class in the application or its dependencies could be instantiated. Depending on the classes available in the dependency tree, this can trigger unintended side effects through constructors or magic methods (__construct, __toString, __wakeup), following a PHP object injection / gadget chain pattern. This issue has been fixed in version 1.2.0.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Ctrlpanel-gg/panel/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Ctrlpanel-gg/panel/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ctrlpanel-gg | panel |
Affected:
< 1.2.0
|
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CVE-2026-41175 (GCVE-0-2026-41175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 21:25 – Updated: 2026-04-23 13:56
VLAI
Title
Statamic: Unsafe method invocation via query value resolution allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to versions 5.73.20 and 6.13.0, manipulating query parameters on Control Panel and REST API endpoints, or arguments in GraphQL queries, could result in the loss of content, assets, and user accounts. The Control Panel requires authentication with minimal permissions in order to exploit. e.g. "view entries" permission to delete entries, or "view users" permission to delete users, etc. The REST and GraphQL API exploits do not require any permissions, however neither are enabled by default. In order to be exploited, they would need to be explicitly enabled with no authentication configured, and the specific resources enabled too. Sites that enable the REST or GraphQL API without authentication should treat patching as critical priority. This has been fixed in 5.73.20 and 6.13.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-42027 (GCVE-0-2026-42027)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 16:43 – Updated: 2026-05-05 16:02
VLAI
Title
Apache OpenNLP: Arbitrary Class Instantiation via Model Manifest in ExtensionLoader
Summary
Arbitrary Class Instantiation via Model Manifest in Apache OpenNLP ExtensionLoader
Versions Affected: before 2.5.9, before 3.0.0-M3
Description:
The ExtensionLoader.instantiateExtension(Class, String) method loads a class by its fully-qualified name via Class.forName() and invokes its no-arg constructor, with the class name sourced from the manifest.properties entry of a model archive. The existing isAssignableFrom check correctly rejects classes that are not subtypes of the expected extension interface (BaseToolFactory for factory=, ArtifactSerializer for serializer-class-*), but the check runs after Class.forName() has already loaded and initialized the named class.
Class.forName() with default initialization semantics executes the target class's static initializer before returning, so an attacker who can supply a crafted model archive can cause the static initializer of any class on the classpath to run during model loading, regardless of whether that class passes the subsequent type check.
Exploitation requires a class with attacker-useful side effects in its static initializer (for example, JNDI lookup, outbound network I/O, or filesystem access) to be present on the classpath, so this is not a drop-in remote code execution; however, the attack surface grows as third-party model distribution becomes more common (community model repositories, Hugging Face-style sharing), where users routinely load model files from origins they do not control. A secondary, narrower vector affects deployments that ship legitimate BaseToolFactory or ArtifactSerializer subclasses with side-effecting no-arg constructors: a malicious manifest can name such a class and force its constructor to run during model load.
Mitigation:
* 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9.
* 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3.
Note: The fix introduces a package-prefix allowlist that is consulted before Class.forName() is invoked, so the static initializer of a disallowed class is never executed. Classes under the opennlp. prefix remain permitted by default. Deployments that load models referencing factories or serializers outside opennlp.* must opt those packages in, either programmatically via ExtensionLoader.registerAllowedPackage(String) before the first model load, or by setting the OPENNLP_EXT_ALLOWED_PACKAGES system property to a comma-separated list of allowed package prefixes.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should ensure that all model files are sourced from trusted origins and should audit their classpath for classes with side-effecting static initializers or constructors, particularly any that perform JNDI lookups, network requests, or filesystem operations during class initialization.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/ltlo4powjfc0w2w2y… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache OpenNLP |
Affected:
0 , < 2.5.9
(semver)
Affected: 3.0 , < 3.0.0-M3 (semver) |
Credits
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CVE-2026-44339 (GCVE-0-2026-44339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:37 – Updated: 2026-05-08 21:27
VLAI
Title
PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
praisonaiagents < 1.6.37
Affected: praisonai < 4.6.37 |
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CVE-2026-46718 (GCVE-0-2026-46718)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 09:17 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:41
VLAI
Title
Apache Calcite: A user-controled model can load arbitrary classes, leading to code execution
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite.
This issue affects Apache Calcite: from 1.5.0 before 1.42.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.42, which fixes the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Calcite |
Affected:
1.5.0 , < 1.42
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-8178 (GCVE-0-2026-8178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 18:36 – Updated: 2026-05-08 20:06
VLAI
Title
Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Class Loading in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver
Summary
An issue exists in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver versions prior to 2.2.2. Under certain conditions, the driver could load and execute arbitrary classes when processing JDBC connection URL parameters. An actor who can influence the connection URL could potentially execute code in the application context, provided a suitable class is available on the application's classpath.
To mitigate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.2.2 or later.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aws/amazon-redshift-jdbc-drive… | patch |
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/aws/amazon-redshift-jdbc-drive… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver |
Unaffected:
2.2.2
|
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"url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-028-aws/"
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"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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"title": "Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Class Loading in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver",
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.